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Papadopoulou-Fermeli N, Lagopati N, Gatou MA, Pavlatou EA. Biocompatible PANI-Encapsulated Chemically Modified Nano-TiO 2 Particles for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:642. [PMID: 38607176 PMCID: PMC11013180 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) constitutes a very propitious conductive polymer utilized in several biomedical, as well as environmental applications, including tissue engineering, catalysis, and photocatalysis, due to its unique properties. In this study, nano-PANI/N-TiO2 and nano-PANI/Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic composites were fabricated via aniline's oxidative polymerization, while the Ag-and N-chemically modified TiO2 nanopowders were synthesized through the sol-gel approach. All produced materials were fully characterized. Through micro-Raman and FT-IR analysis, the co-existence of PANI and chemically modified TiO2 particles was confirmed, while via XRD analysis the composites' average crystallite size was determined as ≈20 nm. The semi-crystal structure of polyaniline exhibits higher photocatalytic efficiency compared to that of other less crystalline forms. The spherical-shaped developed materials are innovative, stable (zeta potential in the range from -26 to -37 mV), and cost-effective, characterized by enhanced photocatalytic efficiency under visible light (energy band gaps ≈ 2 eV), and synthesized with relatively simple methods, with the possibility of recycling and reusing them in potential future applications in industry, in wastewater treatment as well as in biomedicine. Thus, the PANI-encapsulated Ag and N chemically modified TiO2 nanocomposites exhibit high degradation efficiency towards Rhodamine B dye upon visible-light irradiation, presenting simultaneously high biocompatibility in different normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Papadopoulou-Fermeli
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece (M.-A.G.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Anna Gatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece (M.-A.G.)
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece (M.-A.G.)
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Smołka S, Krukiewicz K. Catalyst Design through Grafting of Diazonium Salts-A Critical Review on Catalyst Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12575. [PMID: 37628758 PMCID: PMC10454683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of designing a reusable catalyst with enhanced catalytic activity, recent studies indicate that electrochemical grafting of diazonium salts is an efficient method of forming heterogeneous catalysts. The aim of this review is to assess the industrial applicability of diazonium-based catalysts with particular emphasis on their mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. To this end, different approaches to catalyst production via diazonium salt chemistry have been compared, including the immobilization of catalysts by a chemical reaction with a diazonium moiety, the direct use of diazonium salts and nanoparticles as catalysts, the use of diazonium layers to modulate wettability of a carrier, as well as the possibility of transforming the catalyst into the corresponding diazonium salt. After providing descriptions of the most suitable carriers, the most common deactivation routes of catalysts have been discussed. Although diazonium-based catalysts are expected to exhibit good stability owing to the covalent bond created between a catalyst and a post-diazonium layer, this review indicates the paucity of studies that experimentally verify this hypothesis. Therefore, use of diazonium salts appears a promising approach in catalysts formation if more research efforts can focus on assessing their stability and long-term catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Smołka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22b, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Biswas S, Karishma S, Ramesh B, Jeganmohan M, Mani E. Light-induced destabilisation of oil-in-water emulsions using light-active bolaform surfactants. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:199-207. [PMID: 36503968 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
External stimuli-induced destabilisation of oil-in-water emulsions is of both fundamental and technological importance. In this work we synthesize light-active bolaform-type surfactants (LABSs) and show the preparation of decane-in-water emulsions over a range of surfactant and salt concentrations. Under ultraviolet (UV) illumination, LABSs undergo trans to cis isomerization affecting their interfacial activity. Therefore when stable emulsions stabilized by LABSs are exposed to UV light, they undergo partial destabilization. To induce interfacial flow, a small amount of volatile solvent (methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, etc.) is added at the emulsification stage and in this case complete phase separation is observed. This study demonstrates a facile route to induce destabilization of surfactant-stabilized emulsions using benign solvents and minimal use of energy (UV light) and this method could be of importance in wastewater treatment, enhanced oil recovery, protein separation, etc. where emulsion destabilization is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumodeep Biswas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Balu Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ethayaraja Mani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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Rawat S, Misra N, Meena SS, Shelkar SS, Kumar N N, Goel NK, Kumar V. Plasma polymerized functional supermagnetic Fe 3O 4 nanostructured templates for laccase immobilization: A robust catalytic system for bio-inspired dye degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82524-82540. [PMID: 35752670 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, synthesized using co-precipitation method, were epoxy functionalized via plasma polymerization of 2,3-epoxypropylmethacrylate (EPMA) precursor. The EPMA-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (EPMA-f-MN) were employed as templates for facile, one-step covalent immobilization of laccase enzyme at room temperature. Samples were rigorously characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, XRD techniques, while Mössbauer spectroscopy (MöS) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) confirmed the supermagnetic nature of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Activities of free and immobilized laccase (ImLac) were assayed by spectrophotometrically monitoring the enzymatic reduction of substrate 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) at 420 nm, corresponding to the λmax of ABTS.+. In addition to possessing higher thermal stability and a broader pH tolerance window compared to free laccase, the supermagnetic property of the Fe3O4 renders the ImLac system conveniently recoverable and recyclable. Practical applicability of ImLac towards catalytic degradation of industrial dyes was also ably demonstrated using Acid Blue 193 (AB 193) as a commercially used model textile dye, which belongs to the family of azo dyes. Over 95% degradation of the dye was achieved within a period of 4 hours. ImLac could be used for more than 10 dye degradation cycles with >90 % of retention in enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Rawat
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Nilanjal Misra
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sher Singh Meena
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Shubhangi S Shelkar
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Naveen Kumar N
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Narender Kumar Goel
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Martins LR, Catone Soares L, Alves Gurgel LV, Gil LF. Use of a new zwitterionic cellulose derivative for removal of crystal violet and orange II from aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127401. [PMID: 34655866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of a new bioadsorbent with zwitterionic characteristics and its successful application for removal of a cationic dye (crystal violet, CV) and an anionic dye (orange II, OII) from single component aqueous systems. The new bi-functionalized cellulose derivative (MC3) was produced by chemical modification of cellulose with succinic anhydride and choline chloride to introduce carboxylic and quaternary ammonium functional groups on the cellulose surface. MC3 was characterized by several wet chemical and spectroscopic methods. The effects of solution pH, contact time, and initial solute concentration on removal of CV and OII by MC3 were investigated. Studies of the desorption and re-adsorption of the dyes were also carried out. The isotherms for adsorption of CV and OII on MC3 were satisfactorily fitted using the Konda and Langmuir models. MC3 showed experimental maximum adsorption capacities of 2403 mg g-1 for CV and 201 mg g-1 for OII. The desorption and re-adsorption results showed that MC3 could be reused in successive adsorption cycles, which is essential for minimizing process costs and waste generation. The findings showed that MC3 is a versatile biosorbent capable of efficiently removing both cationic and anionic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luide Rodrigo Martins
- Group of Organic and Environmental Chemistry (GOEQ), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Catone Soares
- Group of Physical Organic Chemistry (GPOC), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Vinícius Alves Gurgel
- Group of Physical Organic Chemistry (GPOC), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laurent Frédéric Gil
- Group of Organic and Environmental Chemistry (GOEQ), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Experimental and theoretical studies of azo derivatives in terms of different donors, acceptors and position isomerism: Synthesis, characterization and a combined electronic absorption, electrochemical and DFT study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dunning SG, Zhu L, Chen B, Chariton S, Prakapenka VB, Somayazulu M, Strobel TA. Solid-State Pathway Control via Reaction-Directing Heteroatoms: Ordered Pyridazine Nanothreads through Selective Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2073-2078. [PMID: 35077643 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanothreads are one-dimensional nanomaterials composed of a primarily sp3 hydrocarbon backbone, typically formed through the compression of small molecules to high pressures. Although nanothreads have been synthesized from a range of precursors, controlling reaction pathways to produce atomically precise materials remains a difficult challenge. Here, we show how heteroatoms within precursors can serve as "thread-directing" groups by selecting for specific cycloaddition reaction pathways. By using a less-reactive diazine group within a six-membered aromatic ring, we successfully predict and synthesize the first carbon nanothread material derived from pyridazine (1,2-diazine, C4H4N2). Compared with previous nanothreads, the synthesized polypyridazine, shows a predominantly uniform chemical structure with exceptional long-range order, allowing for structural characterization using vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate how thread-directing groups can be used for reaction pathway control and the formation of chemically precise nanothreads with a high degree of structural order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Dunning
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - Li Zhu
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Maddury Somayazulu
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy A Strobel
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C. 20015, United States
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Behavior to UV irradiation of the polyurethanes containing azobenzene side groups in the main chains structure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nguyen TL, Aparicio M, Saleh MA. Detection of suspected carcinogen azo dyes in textiles using thermogravimetric analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:896-901. [PMID: 34125003 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1936989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Textiles that are in direct contact with human skin are problematic due to the possibility of transferring the dyes or their aromatic amine metabolites through direct contact. 18 samples of women underwear panties of different colors and fabrics materials were examined for their content of azo dyes using thermogravimetric-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TGA-GCMS) technique. The nature of fabrics (cotton, nylon, and polyesters) was identified based on their unique thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) pattern. Aromatic amines produced from thermal degradation of the samples were identified using NIST mass spectra data base. Aniline was found in all samples regardless of their color or fabric composition. Black cotton textiles were characterized by the presence of diaminobenzene, red cotton sample showed the presence of 4-amino-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonic acid, blue cotton sample showed the presence of chlorobenzenediamine and chloroaniline, and purple cotton textiles showed the presence of 4-nitroaniline. All four purple nylon samples contained nitroaniline and biphenylamine, the three red nylon samples contained nitroaniline and methyldihydro-thiadiazole, the two pink samples showed the presence of chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl) anilinechloro- benzenediamine, the purple polyethylene sample show the presence of diphenyldiazene, and the brown polyester sample showed the presence of 2-amino-1,4-phenylene) dimethanol.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
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