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Valimukhametova AR, Fannon O, Topkiran UC, Dorsky A, Sottile O, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Coffer J, Naumov AV. Five near-infrared-emissive graphene quantum dots for multiplex bioimaging. 2D MATERIALS 2024; 11:025009. [PMID: 39149578 PMCID: PMC11326670 DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ad1c6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to high tissue penetration depth and low autofluorescence backgrounds, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has recently become an advantageous diagnostic technique used in a variety of fields. However, most of the NIR fluorophores do not have therapeutic delivery capabilities, exhibit low photostabilities, and raise toxicity concerns. To address these issues, we developed and tested five types of biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibiting spectrally-separated fluorescence in the NIR range of 928-1053 nm with NIR excitation. Their optical properties in the NIR are attributed to either rare-earth metal dopants (Ho-NGQDs, Yb-NGQDs, Nd-NGQDs) or defect-states (nitrogen doped GQDS (NGQDs), reduced graphene oxides) as verified by Hartree-Fock calculations. Moderate up to 1.34% quantum yields of these GQDs are well-compensated by their remarkable >4 h photostability. At the biocompatible concentrations of up to 0.5-2 mg ml-1 GQDs successfully internalize into HEK-293 cells and enable in vitro imaging in the visible and NIR. Tested all together in HEK-293 cells five GQD types enable simultaneous multiplex imaging in the NIR-I and NIR-II shown for the first time in this work for GQD platforms. Substantial photostability, spectrally-separated NIR emission, and high biocompatibility of five GQD types developed here suggest their promising potential in multianalyte testing and multiwavelength bioimaging of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina R Valimukhametova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America
| | - Olivia Fannon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America
| | - Ugur C Topkiran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America
| | - Abby Dorsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America
| | - Olivia Sottile
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffery Coffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America
| | - Anton V Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America
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Ln(III) Complexes Embedded in Biocompatible PLGA Nanoparticles as Potential Vis-to-NIR Optical Probes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052251. [PMID: 36903496 PMCID: PMC10005321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we present the spectroscopic study of two NIR emitting hydrophobic heteroleptic (R,R)-YbL1(tta) and (R,R)-NdL1(tta) complexes (with tta = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and L1 = N,N'-bis(2-(8-hydroxyquinolinate)methylidene)-1,2-(R,R or S,S)-cyclohexanediamine), both in methanol solution and embedded in water dispersible and biocompatible poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. Thanks to their absorption properties in a wide range of wavelengths extending from the UV up to the blue and green visible regions, the emission of these complexes can be effectively sensitized using visible radiation, which is much less harmful to tissues and skin than the UV one. The encapsulation of the two Ln(III)-based complexes in PLGA allows us to preserve their nature, making them stable in water and to test their cytotoxicity on two different cell lines, with the aim of using them in the future as potential bioimaging optical probes.
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Pajuelo-Corral O, Razquin-Bobillo L, Rojas S, García JA, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Salinas-Castillo A, Hernández R, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Cepeda J. Lanthanide(III) Ions and 5-Methylisophthalate Ligand Based Coordination Polymers: An Insight into Their Photoluminescence Emission and Chemosensing for Nitroaromatic Molecules. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3977. [PMID: 36432263 PMCID: PMC9694308 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The work presented herein reports on the synthesis, structural and physico-chemical characterization, luminescence properties and luminescent sensing activity of a family of isostructural coordination polymers (CPs) with the general formula [Ln2(μ4-5Meip)3(DMF)]n (where Ln(III) = Sm (1Sm), Eu (2Eu), Gd (3Gd), Tb (4Tb) and Yb (5Yb) and 5Meip = 5-methylisophthalate, DMF = N,N-dimethylmethanamide). Crystal structures consist of 3D frameworks tailored by the linkage between infinite lanthanide(III)-carboxylate rods by means of the tetradentate 5Meip ligands. Photoluminescence measurements in solid state at variable temperatures reveal the best-in-class properties based on the capacity of the 5Meip ligand to provide efficient energy transfers to the lanthanide(III) ions, which brings intense emissions in both the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. On the one hand, compound 5Yb displays characteristic lanthanide-centered bands in the NIR with sizeable intensity even at room temperature. Among the compounds emitting in the visible region, 4Tb presents a high QY of 63%, which may be explained according to computational calculations. At last, taking advantage of the good performance as well as high chemical and optical stability of 4Tb in water and methanol, its sensing capacity to detect 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) among other nitroaromatic-like explosives has been explored, obtaining high detection capacity (with Ksv around 105 M-1), low limit of detection (in the 10-6-10-7 M) and selectivity among other molecules (especially in methanol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oier Pajuelo-Corral
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Laura Razquin-Bobillo
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Sara Rojas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, UEQ, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Angel García
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Salinas-Castillo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Hernández
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, UEQ, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
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