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Gaudreau A, Watson DW, Flannagan RS, Roy P, Shen C, Abdelmoneim A, Beavers WN, Gillies ER, El-Halfawy OM, Heinrichs DE. Mechanistic insights and in vivo efficacy of thiosemicarbazones against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem 2024:107689. [PMID: 39159815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant threat in both community and hospital settings due to its infective and pathogenic nature combined with its ability to resist the action of chemotherapeutic agents. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) poses a critical challenge. Metal-chelating thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) have shown promise in combating MRSA and while previous studies hinted at the antimicrobial potential of TSCs, their mechanisms of action against MRSA are still under investigation. We screened a chemical library for anti-staphylococcal compounds and identified a potent molecule named R91 that contained the NNSN structural motif found within TSCs. We identified that R91 and several structural analogs exhibited antimicrobial activity against numerous S. aureus isolates as well as other Gram-positive bacteria. RNAseq analysis revealed that R91 induces copper and oxidative stress responses. Checkerboard assays demonstrated synergy of R91 with copper, nickel, and zinc. Mutation of the SrrAB two-component regulatory system sensitizes S. aureus to R91 killing, further linking the oxidative stress response to R91 resistance. Moreover, R91 was found to induce hydrogen peroxide production, which contributed to its antimicrobial activity. Remarkably, no mutants with elevated R91 resistance were identified, despite extensive attempts. We further demonstrate that R91 can be used to effectively treat an intracellular reservoir of S. aureus in cell culture and can reduce bacterial burdens in a murine skin infection model. Combined, these data position R91 as a potent TSC effective against MRSA and other Gram-positive bacteria, with implications for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Gaudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald S Flannagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paroma Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chenfangfei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA 70803
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA 70803
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar M El-Halfawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Jiménez-Pérez A, Fernández-Fariña S, Pedrido R, García-Tojal J. Desulfurization of thiosemicarbazones: the role of metal ions and biological implications. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:3-31. [PMID: 38148423 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones are biologically active substances whose structural formula is formed by an azomethine, an hydrazine, and a thioamide fragments, to generate a R2C=N-NR-C(=S)-NR2 backbone. These compounds often act as ligands to generate highly stable metal-organic complexes. In certain experimental conditions, however, thiosemicarbazones undergo reactions leading to the cleavage of the chain. Sometimes, the breakage involves desulfurization processes. The present work summarizes the different chemical factors that influence the desulfurization reactions of thiosemicarbazones, such as pH, the presence of oxidant reactants or the establishment of redox processes as those electrochemically induced, the effects of the solvent, the temperature, and the electromagnetic radiation. Many of these reactions require coordination of thiosemicarbazones to metal ions, even those present in the intracellular environment. The nature of the products generated in these reactions, their detection in vivo and in vitro, together with the relevance for the biological activity of these compounds, mainly as antineoplastic agents, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Jiménez-Pérez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández-Fariña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa Pedrido
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier García-Tojal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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3
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Ali W, Jamshidi-Adegani F, Mirsanei Z, Al-Kindi J, Vakilian S, Al-Broumi M, Al-Hashmi S, Rawson JM, Al-Harrasi A, Anwar MU. Lanthanide complexes facilitate wound healing by promoting fibroblast viability, migration and M2 macrophage polarization. Dalton Trans 2023; 53:65-73. [PMID: 37955357 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02662k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A tridentate ligand LH3 ((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanehydrazide) comprising o-vanillin, hydrazone and oxime donor groups has been employed to prepare a series of tetranuclear Ln(III) complexes. The reaction of ligand LH3 with Ln(NO3)3 [Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er] in MeOH yielded Ln4(LH)6(MeOH)2 (Ln = Sm(1), Eu(2), Gd(3), Tb(4), Ho (6) and Er (7))] whereas the corresponding reaction with Dy(NO3)3 afforded Dy4(LH)4(LH2)2(OH)2 (5). All complexes were characterized by various analytical techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. To investigate the potential of these lanthanide complexes for wound healing applications, their effects on fibroblast viability, migration, and M2 macrophage polarization were evaluated. The cytotoxicity assessment revealed that complexes 2(Eu), 4(Tb), 5(Dy), and 7(Er) significantly enhanced fibroblast viability compared to the negative control (NC). In vitro wound healing assay demonstrated that complexes 2(Eu) and 7(Eu) substantially promoted fibroblast migration compared to the NC. Moreover, complex 2(Eu) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the phagocytic ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells and attenuating nitric oxide (NO) production. In conclusion, among the series of complexes tested, complex 2(Eu) displayed the most potent anti-inflammatory effect on macrophage cells, while simultaneously promoting fibroblast viability and migration. This unique combination of properties renders complex 2 (Eu) highly promising for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi-Adegani
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Zahra Mirsanei
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Juhaina Al-Kindi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Saeid Vakilian
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Broumi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Sulaiman Al-Hashmi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, P. O. Box: 33, PC 616, Oman
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B3P4, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Usman Anwar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P O Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, Oman.
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4
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Gómez E, Galván-Hidalgo JM, Pérez-Cuéllar G, Huerta-Landa KA, González-Hernández A, Gómez-García O, Andrade-Pavón D, Ramírez-Apan T, Rodríguez Hernández KD, Hernández S, Cano-Sánchez P, Gómez-Velasco H. New Organotin (IV) Compounds Derived from Dehydroacetic Acid and Thiosemicarbazides: Synthesis, Rational Design, Cytotoxic Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Simulation. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2023; 2023:7901843. [PMID: 37920233 PMCID: PMC10620030 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7901843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotin complexes were prepared through a one-pot reaction with three components by reacting thiosemicarbazide or 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide or 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide, dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and dibutyl, diphenyl, dicyclohexyl, and bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]tin(IV) oxides; all complexes were characterized by infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The 119Sn NMR revealed chemical shifts corresponding to a pentacoordinated environment in solution. The X-ray crystallography of the two complexes evidenced the formation of monomeric complexes with a pentacoordinated geometry around tin via three donor atoms from the ligand, the sulfur of the thiol, the nitrogen of the imine group, and the oxygen of the pyran ring. The geometries of the five-coordinated complexes 3a (Bu2SnL3), 3c (Ph2SnL3), and 3d (Cy2SnL3) acid were intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal, and complex 1a (Bu2SnL1) adopted a bipyramidal trigonal geometry (BPT). The sulforhodamine B assay assessed the cytotoxicity of organotin(IV) complexes against the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 (human mammary adenocarcinoma) cell lines and one normal COS-7 (African green monkey kidney fibroblast). The IC50 values evidenced a significant antiproliferative effect on cancer cells; the complexes were more potent than the positive cisplatin control and the corresponding ligands, dehydroacetic acid thiosemicarbazone (L1), dehydroacetic acid-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone (L2), and dehydroacetic acid-N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazone (L3). The IC50 values also indicated that the organotin(IV) complexes were more cytotoxic against the triple-negative breast cell line MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7, inducing significant morphological alterations. The interactions of organotin(IV) 1c (Ph2SnL1), 1d (Cy2SnL1), and 1e (((CH3)3SiCH2)2SnL1) were evaluated with ss-DNA by fluorescence; intensity changes of the fluorescence were indicative of the displacement of ethidium bromide (EB), confirming the interaction of the organotin(IV) complexes with ss-DNA; the results showed a DNA binding affinity. The thermodynamic parameters obtained through isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the interaction of 1c (Ph2SnL1), with ss-ADN, was exothermic. Molecular docking studies also demonstrated that the organotin(IV) complexes were intercalated in DNA by conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, and π-alkyl interactions. These complexes furthermore showed a greater affinity towards DNA than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Miguel Galván-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Cuéllar
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karoline Alondra Huerta-Landa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo González-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Omar Gómez-García
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dulce Andrade-Pavón
- Departamento Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Colonia Nueva Industrial Vallejo 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla Daniela Rodríguez Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Simón Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Cano-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Homero Gómez-Velasco
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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5
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Pragti, Kundu BK, Singh S, Carlton Ranjith WA, Sarkar S, Sonawane A, Mukhopadhyay S. Chitosan-Biotin-Conjugated pH-Responsive Ru(II) Glucose Nanogel: A Dual Pathway of Targeting Cancer Cells and Self-Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43345-43358. [PMID: 37658475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study paves the way for improved chemotherapy by creating pH-responsive nanogels (NGs) (GC1 and GC2) loaded with synthetic ruthenium(II) arene complexes to increase biological potency. NGs are fabricated by the conjugation of chitosan (CTS)-biotin biopolymers that selectively target the cancer cells as CTS has the pH-responsive property, which helps in releasing the drug in cancer cells having pH ∼ 5.5, and biotin provides the way to target the cancer cells selectively due to the overexpression of integrin. The synthesized compounds and NGs were thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, UV-vis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, rheology, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and others. NGs displayed exceptional increased efficacy toward cancerous cells with IC50 values ranging from 7.50 to 18.86 μM via induced apoptosis in three human cancer cell lines. Apart from its potency, NGs were found to be highly selective toward cancer cells. Moreover, based on the results of immunoblot analysis, it was observed that the synthesized compounds exhibit a significant increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and a decrease in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-XL. Interestingly, the complexes were discovered to have the additional capability of catalyzing the conversion of NADH to NAD+, leading to the generation of radical oxygen species within the cells. Additionally, it was discovered that NG-induced apoptosis depends on ROS production and DNA binding. A narrower range of LD50 values (1185.93 and 823.03 μM) was seen after administering NGs to zebrafish embryos in vivo. The results support the use of drug-loaded NGs as potential chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents for human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Satyam Singh
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453 552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Wilson Alphonse Carlton Ranjith
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNSNT), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453 552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
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Tabor W, Katsogiannou A, Karta D, Andrianopoulou E, Berlicki Ł, Vassiliou S, Grabowiecka A. Exploration of Thiourea-Based Scaffolds for the Construction of Bacterial Ureases Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28783-28796. [PMID: 37576686 PMCID: PMC10413841 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of 32 thiourea-based urease inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated against native bacterial enzyme and whole cells of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Proteus mirabilis strains. The proposed inhibitors represented structurally diverse thiosemicarbazones and thiocarbohydrazones, benzyl-substituted thiazolyl thioureas, 1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides, and dihydropirimidine-2(1H)-thiones. Kinetic characteristics with purified S. pasteurii enzyme determined low micromolar inhibitors within each structural group. (E)-2-(1-Phenylethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 19 (Ki = 0.39 ± 0.01 μM), (E)-2-(4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 16 (Ki = 0.99 ± 0.04 μM), and N'-((1E,2E)-1,3-diphenylallylidene)hydrazinecarbothiohydrazide 29 (Ki = 2.23 ± 0.19 μM) were used in modeling studies that revealed sulfur ion coordination of the active site nickel ion and hydrogen bonds between the amide group and the side chain of Asp363 and Ala366 carbonyl moiety. Whole-cell studies proved the activity of compounds in Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Ureolysis control observed in P. mirabilis PCM 543 (e.g., IC50 = 304 ± 14 μM for 1-benzyl-3-(4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)thiourea 52) is a valuable achievement, as urease is recognized as a major virulence factor of this urinary tract pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Tabor
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aikaterini Katsogiannou
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Karta
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Andrianopoulou
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stamatia Vassiliou
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Agnieszka Grabowiecka
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Ooi TC, Nordin FJ, Rahmat NS, Abdul Halim SN'A, Sarip R, Chan KM, Rajab NF. Genotoxicity and apoptotic effect of silver(I) complexes with mixed-ligands of thiosemicarbazones and diphenyl(p-tolyl)phosphine on malignant melanoma cells, SK-MEL-28. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 886:503581. [PMID: 36868695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of coinage metals can potentially be used as alternatives to platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs. Silver is a coinage metal that can potentially improve the spectrum of efficacy in various cancers treatment, such as malignant melanoma. Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer that is often diagnosed in young and middle-aged adults. Silver has high reactivity with skin proteins and can be developed as a malignant melanoma treatment modality. Therefore, this study aims to identify the anti-proliferative and genotoxic effects of silver(I) complexes with mixed-ligands of thiosemicarbazones and diphenyl(p-tolyl)phosphine ligands in the human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line. The anti-proliferative effects of a series of silver(I) complex compounds labelled as OHBT, DOHBT, BrOHBT, OHMBT, and BrOHMBT were evaluated on SK-MEL-28 cells by using the Sulforhodamine B assay. Then, DNA damage analysis was performed in a time-dependent manner (30 min, 1 h and 4 h) by using alkaline comet assay to investigate the genotoxicity of OHBT and BrOHMBT at their respective IC50 values. The mode of cell death was studied using Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry assay. Our current findings demonstrated that all silver(I) complex compounds showed good anti-proliferative activity. The IC50 values of OHBT, DOHBT, BrOHBT, OHMBT, and BrOHMBT were 2.38 ± 0.3 μM, 2.70 ± 0.17 μM, 1.34 ± 0.22 μM, 2.82 ± 0.45 μM, and 0.64 ± 0.04 μM respectively. Then, DNA damage analysis showed that OHBT and BrOHMBT could induce DNA strand breaks in a time-dependent manner, with OHBT being more prominent than BrOHMBT. This effect was accompanied by apoptosis induction in SK-MEL-28, as evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. In conclusion, silver(I) complexes with mixed-ligands of thiosemicarbazones and diphenyl(p-tolyl)phosphine exerted anti-proliferative activities by inhibiting cancer cell growth, inducing significant DNA damage and ultimately resulting in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fariza Juliana Nordin
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Sakina Rahmat
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rozie Sarip
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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8
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Preparation of Tryptanthrin Derivates Bearing a Thiosemicarbazone Moiety to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a serious viral pathogen, and agents that inhibit its replication are in high demand. In the present work, we prepared two novel tryptanthrin derivates bearing a thiosemicarbazone moiety as potential antiviral agents. Both compounds displayed potent chelation activity against Fe(III/II) ion-associated COVID-19. The molecular docking results suggest that the compounds can display significant affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 papain-like proteases and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases. In addition, administering T8H-TSC can repress viral replication in the used model (Vero cells). Moreover, the therapeutic potential of the prepared compounds was predicted and analysed in terms of Lipinski’s rules, drug-likeness and drug score.
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9
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Jiang M, Zhang J, Xu S, Li Y, Li W, Liang H, Yang F. Designing a multitarget In(III) compound to overcome the resistance of lung cancer cells to cisplatin. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:269-280. [PMID: 36519582 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Designing novel anticancer non-platinum metal agents is fully challenging. Herein, a series of little-known indium (In) 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone compounds as potential anticancer agents were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The hydrogen atoms at the N-4 position with the alkyl of the In compounds significantly increased cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. In(III) compounds showed significantly higher cytotoxicity toward cisplatin-resistant cell lines than cisplatin. More importantly, C4 greatly inhibited A549DDP tumor growth in a vaccinated mouse model. C4 exerted cytotoxic effects via a multitarget mechanism. First, it activated p53 and blocked the cell cycle at the S phase, which then led to weak expression levels of cyclin and related kinases and upregulation of the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. C4 also depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential and regulated the expression of the Bcl-2 family, which then released cyt-c and activated caspase-3/8/9 to execute apoptotic pathways. Then, it inhibited telomerase through the inhibition of the expression of the c-Myc regulator gene and expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Furthermore, C4 showed excellent antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shihang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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