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Alva R, Wiebe JE, Stuart JA. Revisiting reactive oxygen species production in hypoxia. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:1423-1444. [PMID: 38955833 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to hypoxia are crucial in various physiological and pathophysiological contexts and have thus been extensively studied. This has led to a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional response to hypoxia, which is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of HIF regulation in hypoxia remain incompletely understood. In particular, there is controversy surrounding the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypoxia and how this affects the stabilization and activity of HIFs. This review examines this controversy and attempts to shed light on its origin. We discuss the role of physioxia versus normoxia as baseline conditions that can affect the subsequent cellular response to hypoxia and highlight the paucity of data on pericellular oxygen levels in most experiments, leading to variable levels of hypoxia that might progress to anoxia over time. We analyze the different outcomes reported in isolated mitochondria, versus intact cells or whole organisms, and evaluate the reliability of various ROS-detecting tools. Finally, we examine the cell-type and context specificity of oxygen's various effects. We conclude that while recent evidence suggests that the effect of hypoxia on ROS production is highly dependent on the cell type and the duration of exposure, efforts should be made to conduct experiments under carefully controlled, physiological microenvironmental conditions in order to rule out potential artifacts and improve reproducibility in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Jacob E Wiebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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2
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Prajapat SK, Maharana KC, Singh S. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1999-2016. [PMID: 37642880 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a matter of concern worldwide, and mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major contributing factors. Vascular endothelial dysfunction has a major role in the development of atherosclerosis because of the abnormal chemokine secretion, inflammatory mediators, enhancement of LDL oxidation, cytokine elevation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Endothelial cells transfer oxygen from the pulmonary circulatory system to the tissue surrounding the blood vessels, and a majority of oxygen is transferred to the myocardium by endothelial cells, which utilise a small amount of oxygen to generate ATP. Free radicals of oxide are produced by mitochondria, which are responsible for cellular oxygen uptake. Increased mitochondrial ROS generation and reduction in agonist-stimulated eNOS activation and nitric oxide bioavailability were directly linked to the observed change in mitochondrial dynamics, resulting in various CVDs and endothelial dysfunction. Presently, the manuscript mainly focuses on endothelial dysfunction, providing a deep understanding of the various features of mitochondrial mechanisms that are used to modulate endothelial dysfunction. We talk about recent findings and approaches that may make it possible to detect mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential biomarker for risk assessment and diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction. In the end, we cover several targets that may reduce mitochondrial dysfunction through both direct and indirect processes and assess the impact of several different classes of drugs in the context of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Prajapat
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Krushna Ch Maharana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Dist: Vaishali, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
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3
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Yan X. Redox signaling and skeletal muscle adaptation during aerobic exercise. iScience 2024; 27:109643. [PMID: 38650987 PMCID: PMC11033207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways aligned to RONS as activators of skeletal muscle adaptation and to further identify the interconnecting mechanisms controlling redox balance. We also discuss the RONS-mediated pathways during the muscle adaptive process, including mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle remodeling, vascular angiogenesis, neuron regeneration, and the role of exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Wealth Management, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 IED, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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4
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Long X, Liu M, Nan Y, Chen Q, Xiao Z, Xiang Y, Ying X, Sun J, Huang Q, Ai K. Revitalizing Ancient Mitochondria with Nano-Strategies: Mitochondria-Remedying Nanodrugs Concentrate on Disease Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308239. [PMID: 38224339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, widely known as the energy factories of eukaryotic cells, have a myriad of vital functions across diverse cellular processes. Dysfunctions within mitochondria serve as catalysts for various diseases, prompting widespread cellular demise. Mounting research on remedying damaged mitochondria indicates that mitochondria constitute a valuable target for therapeutic intervention against diseases. But the less clinical practice and lower recovery rate imply the limitation of traditional drugs, which need a further breakthrough. Nanotechnology has approached favorable regiospecific biodistribution and high efficacy by capitalizing on excellent nanomaterials and targeting drug delivery. Mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs have achieved ideal therapeutic effects. This review elucidates the significance of mitochondria in various cells and organs, while also compiling mortality data for related diseases. Correspondingly, nanodrug-mediate therapeutic strategies and applicable mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs in disease are detailed, with a full understanding of the roles of mitochondria dysfunction and the advantages of nanodrugs. In addition, the future challenges and directions are widely discussed. In conclusion, this review provides comprehensive insights into the design and development of mitochondria-remedying nanodrugs, aiming to help scientists who desire to extend their research fields and engage in this interdisciplinary subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750002, P. R. China
| | - Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ying
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
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5
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Chen P, Ye C, Huang Y, Xu B, Wu T, Dong Y, Jin Y, Zhao L, Hu C, Mao J, Wu R. Glutaminolysis regulates endometrial fibrosis in intrauterine adhesion via modulating mitochondrial function. Biol Res 2024; 57:13. [PMID: 38561846 PMCID: PMC10983700 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial fibrosis, a significant characteristic of intrauterine adhesion (IUA), is caused by the excessive differentiation and activation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Glutaminolysis is the metabolic process of glutamine (Gln), which has been implicated in multiple types of organ fibrosis. So far, little is known about whether glutaminolysis plays a role in endometrial fibrosis. METHODS The activation model of ESCs was constructed by TGF-β1, followed by RNA-sequencing analysis. Changes in glutaminase1 (GLS1) expression at RNA and protein levels in activated ESCs were verified experimentally. Human IUA samples were collected to verify GLS1 expression in endometrial fibrosis. GLS1 inhibitor and glutamine deprivation were applied to ESCs models to investigate the biological functions and mechanisms of glutaminolysis in ESCs activation. The IUA mice model was established to explore the effect of glutaminolysis inhibition on endometrial fibrosis. RESULTS We found that GLS1 expression was significantly increased in activated ESCs models and fibrotic endometrium. Glutaminolysis inhibition by GLS1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES or glutamine deprivation treatment suppressed the expression of two fibrotic markers, α-SMA and collagen I, as well as the mitochondrial function and mTORC1 signaling in ESCs. Furthermore, inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway by rapamycin suppressed ESCs activation. In IUA mice models, BPTES treatment significantly ameliorated endometrial fibrosis and improved pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION Glutaminolysis and glutaminolysis-associated mTOR signaling play a role in the activation of ESCs and the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis through regulating mitochondrial function. Glutaminolysis inhibition suppresses the activation of ESCs, which might be a novel therapeutic strategy for IUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoshuang Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunke Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingning Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changchang Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxia Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Ivanova AD, Kotova DA, Khramova YV, Morozova KI, Serebryanaya DV, Bochkova ZV, Sergeeva AD, Panova AS, Katrukha IA, Moshchenko AA, Oleinikov VA, Semyanov AV, Belousov VV, Katrukha AG, Brazhe NA, Bilan DS. Redox differences between rat neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:145-157. [PMID: 38043869 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury in ischemic heart disease. However, the mechanisms how reactive oxygen species trigger cellular damage are not fully understood. Our study investigates redox state and highly reactive substances within neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes under hypoxia conditions. We have found that hypoxia induced an increase in H2O2 production in adult cardiomyocytes, while neonatal cardiomyocytes experienced a decrease in H2O2 levels. This finding correlates with our observation of the difference between the electron transport chain (ETC) properties and mitochondria amount in adult and neonatal cells. We demonstrated that in adult cardiomyocytes hypoxia caused the significant increase in the ETC loading with electrons compared to normoxia. On the contrary, in neonatal cardiomyocytes ETC loading with electrons was similar under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions that could be due to ETC non-functional state and the absence of the electrons transfer to O2 under normoxia. In addition to the variations in H2O2 production, we also noted consistent pH dynamics under hypoxic conditions. Notably, the pH levels exhibited a similar decrease in both cell types, thus, acidosis is a more universal cellular response to hypoxia. We also demonstrated that the amount of mitochondria and the levels of cardiac isoforms of troponin I, troponin T, myoglobin and GAPDH were significantly higher in adult cardiomyocytes compared to neonatal ones. Remarkably, we found out that under hypoxia, the levels of cardiac isoforms of troponin T, myoglobin, and GAPDH were elevated in adult cardiomyocytes, while their level in neonatal cells remained unchanged. Obtained data contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of neonatal cardiomyocytes' resistance to hypoxia and the ability to maintain the metabolic homeostasis in contrast to adult ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Ivanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Yulia V Khramova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ksenia I Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Daria V Serebryanaya
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Zhanna V Bochkova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Sergeeva
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Panova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ivan A Katrukha
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Oleinikov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Alexey V Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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7
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Hsia CCW. Tissue Perfusion and Diffusion and Cellular Respiration: Transport and Utilization of Oxygen. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:594-611. [PMID: 37541315 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the journey of inspired oxygen after its uptake across the alveolar-capillary interface, and the interplay among tissue perfusion, diffusion, and cellular respiration in the transport and utilization of oxygen. The critical interactions between oxygen and its facilitative carriers (hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells), and with other respiratory and vasoactive molecules (carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide), are emphasized to illustrate how this versatile system dynamically optimizes regional convective transport and diffusive gas exchange. The rates of reciprocal gas exchange in the lung and the periphery must be well-matched and sufficient for meeting the range of energy demands from rest to maximal stress but not excessive as to become toxic. The mobile red blood cells play a vital role in matching tissue perfusion and gas exchange by dynamically regulating the controlled uptake of oxygen and communicating regional metabolic signals across different organs. Intracellular oxygen diffusion and facilitation via myoglobin into the mitochondria, and utilization via electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, are summarized. Physiological and pathophysiological adaptations are briefly described. Dysfunction of any component across this integrated system affects all other components and elicits corresponding structural and functional adaptation aimed at matching the capacities across the entire system and restoring equilibrium under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie C W Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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8
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Development of a Mitochondrial Targeting Lipid Nanoparticle Encapsulating Berberine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020903. [PMID: 36674418 PMCID: PMC9863876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering drugs to mitochondria, the main source of energy in neurons, can be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, acts on mitochondria and is involved in mechanisms associated with the normalization and regulation of intracellular metabolism. Therefore, BBR has attracted considerable interest as a possible therapeutic drug for neurodegenerative diseases. While BBR has been reported to act on mitochondria, there are few reports on the efficient delivery of BBR into mitochondria. This paper reports on the mitochondrial delivery of BBR using a lipid nanoparticle (LNP), a "MITO-Porter" that targets mitochondria, and its pharmacological action in Neuro2a cells, a model neuroblastoma. A MITO-Porter containing encapsulated BBR (MITO-Porter (BBR)) was prepared. Treatment with MITO-Porter (BBR) increased the amount of BBR that accumulated in mitochondria compared with a treatment with naked BBR. Treatment with MITO-Porter (BBR) resulted in increased ATP production in Neuro2a cells, which are important for maintaining life phenomena, compared with treatment with naked BBR. Treatment with MITO-Porter (BBR) also increased the level of expression of mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL), which is involved in mitochondrial quality control. Our findings indicate that increasing the accumulation of BBR into mitochondria is important for inducing enhanced pharmacological actions. The use of this system has the potential for being important in terms of the regulation of the metabolic mechanism of mitochondria in nerve cells.
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9
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Rius-Pérez S, Pérez S, Toledano MB, Sastre J. p53 drives necroptosis via downregulation of sulfiredoxin and peroxiredoxin 3. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102423. [PMID: 36029648 PMCID: PMC9428851 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributor to necroptosis. We have investigated the contribution of p53, sulfiredoxin, and mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 to necroptosis in acute pancreatitis. Late during the course of pancreatitis, p53 was localized in mitochondria of pancreatic cells undergoing necroptosis. In mice lacking p53, necroptosis was absent, and levels of PGC-1α, peroxiredoxin 3 and sulfiredoxin were upregulated. During the early stage of pancreatitis, prior to necroptosis, sulfiredoxin was upregulated and localized into mitochondria. In mice lacking sulfiredoxin with pancreatitis, peroxiredoxin 3 was hyperoxidized, p53 localized in mitochondria, and necroptosis occurred faster; which was prevented by Mito-TEMPO. In obese mice, necroptosis occurred in pancreas and adipose tissue. The lack of p53 up-regulated sulfiredoxin and abrogated necroptosis in pancreas and adipose tissue from obese mice. We describe here a positive feedback between mitochondrial H2O2 and p53 that downregulates sulfiredoxin and peroxiredoxin 3 leading to necroptosis in inflammation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Michel B Toledano
- Oxidative Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain.
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10
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Reiterer M, Eakin A, Johnson RS, Branco CM. Hyperoxia Reprogrammes Microvascular Endothelial Cell Response to Hypoxia in an Organ-Specific Manner. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162469. [PMID: 36010546 PMCID: PMC9406746 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ function relies on microvascular networks to maintain homeostatic equilibrium, which varies widely in different organs and during different physiological challenges. The endothelium role in this critical process can only be evaluated in physiologically relevant contexts. Comparing the responses to oxygen flux in primary murine microvascular EC (MVEC) obtained from brain and lung tissue reveals that supra-physiological oxygen tensions can compromise MVEC viability. Brain MVEC lose mitochondrial activity and undergo significant alterations in electron transport chain (ETC) composition when cultured under standard, non-physiological atmospheric oxygen levels. While glycolytic capacity of both lung and brain MVEC are unchanged by environmental oxygen, the ability to trigger a metabolic shift when oxygen levels drop is greatly compromised following exposure to hyperoxia. This is particularly striking in MVEC from the brain. This work demonstrates that the unique metabolism and function of organ-specific MVEC (1) can be reprogrammed by external oxygen, (2) that this reprogramming can compromise MVEC survival and, importantly, (3) that ex vivo modelling of endothelial function is significantly affected by culture conditions. It further demonstrates that physiological, metabolic and functional studies performed in non-physiological environments do not represent cell function in situ, and this has serious implications in the interpretation of cell-based pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Reiterer
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Eakin
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Cristina M. Branco
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Correspondence:
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11
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Shen LW, Jiang XX, Li ZQ, Li J, Wang M, Jia GF, Ding X, Lei L, Gong QH, Gao N. Cepharanthine sensitizes human triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin via inducing cofilin oxidation-mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:177-193. [PMID: 34294886 PMCID: PMC8724299 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of autophagy has been accepted as a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer, but its clinical application is hindered by lack of effective and specific autophagy inhibitors. We previously identified cepharanthine (CEP) as a novel autophagy inhibitor, which inhibited autophagy/mitophagy through blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in human breast cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether and how inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy by cepharanthine affected the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro and in vivo. In human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells, application of CEP (2 μM) greatly enhanced cepharanthine-induced inhibition on cell viability and colony formation. CEP interacted with epirubicin synergistically to induce apoptosis in TNBC cells via the mitochondrial pathway. We demonstrated that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin induced mitochondrial fission in MDA-MB-231 cells, and the production of mitochondrial superoxide was correlated with mitochondrial fission and apoptosis induced by the combination. Moreover, we revealed that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin markedly increased the generation of mitochondrial superoxide, resulting in oxidation of the actin-remodeling protein cofilin, which promoted formation of an intramolecular disulfide bridge between Cys39 and Cys80 as well as Ser3 dephosphorylation, leading to mitochondria translocation of cofilin, thus causing mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Finally, in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 cell xenografts, co-administration of CEP (12 mg/kg, ip, once every other day for 36 days) greatly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of epirubicin (2 mg/kg) as compared with administration of either drug alone. Taken together, our results implicate that a combination of cepharanthine with chemotherapeutic agents could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-wen Shen
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China
| | - Xiu-xing Jiang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Zhi-qiang Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jie Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Mei Wang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China
| | - Guan-fei Jia
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xin Ding
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Ling Lei
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Qi-hai Gong
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China
| | - Ning Gao
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China ,grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
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12
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Kelmanson IV, Shokhina AG, Kotova DA, Pochechuev MS, Ivanova AD, Kostyuk AI, Panova AS, Borodinova AA, Solotenkov MA, Stepanov EA, Raevskii RI, Moshchenko AA, Pak VV, Ermakova YG, van Belle GJC, Tarabykin V, Balaban PM, Fedotov IV, Fedotov AB, Conrad M, Bogeski I, Katschinski DM, Doeppner TR, Bähr M, Zheltikov AM, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. In vivo dynamics of acidosis and oxidative stress in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke in a rodent model. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102178. [PMID: 34773835 PMCID: PMC8600061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. However, molecular processes underlying the development of this pathology remain poorly understood. There are major gaps in our understanding of metabolic changes that occur in the brain tissue during the early stages of ischemia and reperfusion. In particular, it is generally accepted that both ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress which is one of the main drivers of the pathology, although ROS generation during I/R was never demonstrated in vivo due to the lack of suitable methods. In the present study, we record for the first time the dynamics of intracellular pH and H2O2 during I/R in cultured neurons and during experimental stroke in rats using the latest generation of genetically encoded biosensors SypHer3s and HyPer7. We detect a buildup of powerful acidosis in the brain tissue that overlaps with the ischemic core from the first seconds of pathogenesis. At the same time, no significant H2O2 generation was found in the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion. HyPer7 oxidation in the brain was detected only 24 h later. Comparison of in vivo experiments with studies on cultured neurons under I/R demonstrates that the dynamics of metabolic processes in these models significantly differ, suggesting that a cell culture is a poor predictor of metabolic events in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina G Shokhina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Panova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Borodinova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Maxim A Solotenkov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Stepanov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Roman I Raevskii
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeriy V Pak
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Yulia G Ermakova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Gijsbert J C van Belle
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viktor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Ilya V Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany; Istanbul Medipol University, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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13
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Liu S, Li L, Lou P, Zhao M, Wang Y, Tang M, Gong M, Liao G, Yuan Y, Li L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Lu Y, Liu J. Elevated branched-chain α-keto acids exacerbate macrophage oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:141-154. [PMID: 34474107 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic inflammation is a primary reason for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, while disordered branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism is found in T2DM, but the link between BCAA catabolic defects and inflammation in T2DM remains elusive and needs to be investigated. METHODS The changes in BCAA catabolism, inflammation, organ damage, redox status, and mitochondrial function in db/db mice with treatments of BCAA-overload or BCAA catabolism activator were analyzed in vivo. The changes in BCAA catabolic metabolism, as well as the direct effects of BCAAs/branched-chain alpha-keto acids (BCKAs) on cytokine release and redox status were also analyzed in primary macrophages in vitro. RESULTS Inactivation of branched-chain ɑ-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex was found in multiple organs (liver, muscle and kidney) of db/db mice. Long-term high BCAA supplementation further increased BCKA levels, inflammation, tissue fibrosis (liver and kidney), and macrophage hyper-activation in db/db mice, while enhancing BCAA catabolism with pharmacological activator reduced these adverse effects in db/db mice. In vitro, the BCAA catabolism was unchanged in primary macrophages of db/db mice, and elevated BCKAs but not BCAAs promoted the cytokine production in primary macrophages. Moreover, BCKA stimulation was associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and redox imbalance in macrophages and diabetic organs. CONCLUSION Impaired BCAA catabolism is strongly associated with chronic inflammation and tissue damage in T2DM, and this effect is at least partly due to the BCKAs-induced macrophage oxidative stress. This study highlights that targeting BCAA catabolism is a potential strategy to attenuate T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Lou
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Gong
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Liao
- Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Genetically Encoded Biosensors to Monitor Intracellular Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species and Glutathione Redox Potential in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910876. [PMID: 34639217 PMCID: PMC8509583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play an important role in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle and are involved in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, which drive metabolism, regeneration, and adaptation in skeletal muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are unknown or partially uncovered. We implemented a combination of methodological approaches that are funded for the use of genetically encoded biosensors associated with quantitative fluorescence microscopy imaging to study redox biology in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it was possible to detect and monitor RONS and glutathione redox potential with high specificity and spatio-temporal resolution in two models, isolated skeletal muscle fibers and C2C12 myoblasts/myotubes. Biosensors HyPer3 and roGFP2-Orp1 were examined for the detection of cytosolic hydrogen peroxide; HyPer-mito and HyPer-nuc for the detection of mitochondrial and nuclear hydrogen peroxide; Mito-Grx1-roGFP2 and cyto-Grx1-roGFP2 were used for registration of the glutathione redox potential in mitochondria and cytosol. G-geNOp was proven to detect cytosolic nitric oxide. The fluorescence emitted by the biosensors is affected by pH, and this might have masked the results; therefore, environmental CO2 must be controlled to avoid pH fluctuations. In conclusion, genetically encoded biosensors and quantitative fluorescence microscopy provide a robust methodology to investigate the pathophysiological processes associated with the redox biology of skeletal muscle.
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15
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Yu M, Alimujiang M, Hu L, Liu F, Bao Y, Yin J. Berberine alleviates lipid metabolism disorders via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in gut and liver. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1693-1707. [PMID: 33994854 PMCID: PMC8120465 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.54604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to investigate the relationship between berberine (BBR) and mitochondrial complex I in lipid metabolism. BBR reversed high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in mice. Fatty acid consumption, β-oxidation and lipogenesis were attenuated in liver after BBR treatment which may be through reduction in SCD1, FABP1, CD36 and CPT1A. BBR promoted fecal lipid excretion, which may result from the reduction in intestinal CD36 and SCD1. Moreover, BBR inhibited mitochondrial complex I-dependent oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis of liver and gut, but no impact on activities of complex II, III and IV. BBR ameliorated mitochondrial swelling, facilitated mitochondrial fusion, and reduced mtDNA and citrate synthase activity. BBR decreased the abundance and diversity of gut microbiome. However, no change in metabolism of recipient mice was observed after fecal microbiota transplantation from BBR treated mice. In primary hepatocytes, BBR and AMPK activator A769662 normalized oleic acid-induced lipid deposition. Although both the agents activated AMPK, BBR decreased oxygen consumption whereas A769662 increased it. Collectively, these findings indicated that BBR repressed complex I in gut and liver and consequently inhibited lipid metabolism which led to alleviation of obesity and fatty liver. This process was independent of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Miriayi Alimujiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, China
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16
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Vasam G, Nadeau R, Cadete VJJ, Lavallée-Adam M, Menzies KJ, Burelle Y. Proteomics characterization of mitochondrial-derived vesicles under oxidative stress. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21278. [PMID: 33769614 PMCID: PMC8252493 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002151r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria share attributes of vesicular transport with their bacterial ancestors given their ability to form mitochondrial‐derived vesicles (MDVs). MDVs are involved in mitochondrial quality control and their formation is enhanced with stress and may, therefore, play a potential role in mitochondrial‐cellular communication. However, MDV proteomic cargo has remained mostly undefined. In this study, we strategically used an in vitro MDV budding/reconstitution assay on cardiac mitochondria, followed by graded oxidative stress, to identify and characterize the MDV proteome. Our results confirmed previously identified cardiac MDV markers, while also revealing a complete map of the MDV proteome, paving the way to a better understanding of the role of MDVs. The oxidative stress vulnerability of proteins directed the cargo loading of MDVs, which was enhanced by antimycin A (Ant‐A). Among OXPHOS complexes, complexes III and V were found to be Ant‐A‐sensitive. Proteins from metabolic pathways such as the TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism, along with Fe‐S cluster, antioxidant response proteins, and autophagy were also found to be Ant‐A sensitive. Intriguingly, proteins containing hyper‐reactive cysteine residues, metabolic redox switches, including professional redox enzymes and those that mediate iron metabolism, were found to be components of MDV cargo with Ant‐A sensitivity. Last, we revealed a possible contribution of MDVs to the formation of extracellular vesicles, which may indicate mitochondrial stress. In conclusion, our study provides an MDV proteomics signature that delineates MDV cargo selectivity and hints at the potential for MDVs and their novel protein cargo to serve as vital biomarkers during mitochondrial stress and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham Vasam
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Nadeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Virgilio J J Cadete
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Zhou Y, Li Z. Anti-fatigue activities and phytochemical compositions of turnip (brassica rapa l.) extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_470_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Shyp V, Dubey BN, Böhm R, Hartl J, Nesper J, Vorholt JA, Hiller S, Schirmer T, Jenal U. Reciprocal growth control by competitive binding of nucleotide second messengers to a metabolic switch in Caulobacter crescentus. Nat Microbiol 2020; 6:59-72. [PMID: 33168988 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria use small signalling molecules such as (p)ppGpp or c-di-GMP to tune their physiology in response to environmental changes. It remains unclear whether these regulatory networks operate independently or whether they interact to optimize bacterial growth and survival. We report that (p)ppGpp and c-di-GMP reciprocally regulate the growth of Caulobacter crescentus by converging on a single small-molecule-binding protein, SmbA. While c-di-GMP binding inhibits SmbA, (p)ppGpp competes for the same binding site to sustain SmbA activity. We demonstrate that (p)ppGpp specifically promotes Caulobacter growth on glucose, whereas c-di-GMP inhibits glucose consumption. We find that SmbA contributes to this metabolic switch and promotes growth on glucose by quenching the associated redox stress. The identification of an effector protein that acts as a central regulatory hub for two global second messengers opens up future studies on specific crosstalk between small-molecule-based regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphael Böhm
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Hartl
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Nesper
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Skattebo Ø, Calbet JAL, Rud B, Capelli C, Hallén J. Contribution of oxygen extraction fraction to maximal oxygen uptake in healthy young men. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13486. [PMID: 32365270 PMCID: PMC7540168 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the importance of systemic and peripheral arteriovenous O2 difference (
a-v¯O2 difference and a‐vfO2 difference, respectively) and O2 extraction fraction for maximal oxygen uptake (
V˙O2max). Fick law of diffusion and the Piiper and Scheid model were applied to investigate whether diffusion versus perfusion limitations vary with
V˙O2max. Articles (n = 17) publishing individual data (n = 154) on
V˙O2max, maximal cardiac output (
Q˙max; indicator‐dilution or the Fick method),
a-v¯O2 difference (catheters or the Fick equation) and systemic O2 extraction fraction were identified. For the peripheral responses, group‐mean data (articles: n = 27; subjects: n = 234) on leg blood flow (LBF; thermodilution), a‐vfO2 difference and O2 extraction fraction (arterial and femoral venous catheters) were obtained.
Q˙max and two‐LBF increased linearly by 4.9‐6.0 L · min–1 per 1 L · min–1 increase in
V˙O2max (R2 = .73 and R2 = .67, respectively; both P < .001). The
a-v¯O2 difference increased from 118‐168 mL · L–1 from a
V˙O2max of 2‐4.5 L · min–1 followed by a reduction (second‐order polynomial: R2 = .27). After accounting for a hypoxemia‐induced decrease in arterial O2 content with increasing
V˙O2max (R2 = .17; P < .001), systemic O2 extraction fraction increased up to ~90% (
V˙O2max: 4.5 L · min–1) with no further change (exponential decay model: R2 = .42). Likewise, leg O2 extraction fraction increased with
V˙O2max to approach a maximal value of ~90‐95% (R2 = .83). Muscle O2 diffusing capacity and the equilibration index Y increased linearly with
V˙O2max (R2 = .77 and R2 = .31, respectively; both P < .01), reflecting decreasing O2 diffusional limitations and accentuating O2 delivery limitations. In conclusion, although O2 delivery is the main limiting factor to
V˙O2max, enhanced O2 extraction fraction (≥90%) contributes to the remarkably high
V˙O2max in endurance‐trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Skattebo
- Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Jose A. L. Calbet
- Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Gran Canaria Spain
| | - Bjarne Rud
- Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Carlo Capelli
- Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Jostein Hallén
- Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
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20
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Fu Z, Jiao Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shen M, Reiter RJ, Xi Q, Chen Y. Cardioprotective Role of Melatonin in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:366. [PMID: 32411013 PMCID: PMC7201093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic, indole secreted, and synthesized by the human pineal gland. Melatonin has biological effects including anti-apoptosis, protecting mitochondria, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and stimulating target cells to secrete cytokines. Its protective effect on cardiomyocytes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has caused widespread interest in the actions of this molecule. The effects of melatonin against oxidative stress, promoting autophagic repair of cells, regulating immune and inflammatory responses, enhancing mitochondrial function, and relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress, play crucial roles in protecting cardiomyocytes from infarction. Mitochondrial apoptosis and dysfunction are common occurrence in cardiomyocyte injury after myocardial infarction. This review focuses on the targets of melatonin in protecting cardiomyocytes in AMI, the main molecular signaling pathways that melatonin influences in its endogenous protective role in myocardial infarction, and the developmental prospect of melatonin in myocardial infarction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jihang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- San Antonio Cellular Therapeutics Institute, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Qing Xi
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Calbet JAL, Martín-Rodríguez S, Martin-Rincon M, Morales-Alamo D. An integrative approach to the regulation of mitochondrial respiration during exercise: Focus on high-intensity exercise. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101478. [PMID: 32156501 PMCID: PMC7284910 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During exercise, muscle ATP demand increases with intensity, and at the highest power output, ATP consumption may increase more than 100-fold above the resting level. The rate of mitochondrial ATP production during exercise depends on the availability of O2, carbon substrates, reducing equivalents, ADP, Pi, free creatine, and Ca2+. It may also be modulated by acidosis, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). During fatiguing and repeated sprint exercise, RONS production may cause oxidative stress and damage to cellular structures and may reduce mitochondrial efficiency. Human studies indicate that the relatively low mitochondrial respiratory rates observed during sprint exercise are not due to lack of O2, or insufficient provision of Ca2+, reduced equivalents or carbon substrates, being a suboptimal stimulation by ADP the most plausible explanation. Recent in vitro studies with isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria, studied in conditions mimicking different exercise intensities, indicate that ROS production during aerobic exercise amounts to 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than previously thought. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial respiration, particularly during high-intensity exercise. We will analyze the factors that limit mitochondrial respiration and those that determine mitochondrial efficiency during exercise. Lastly, the differences in mitochondrial respiration between men and women will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Saúl Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" (s/n), 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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22
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Pathological Roles of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiac Microvascular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010085. [PMID: 31948043 PMCID: PMC7023463 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell fate through controlling ATP generation and releasing pro-apoptotic factors. Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the coronary microcirculation has manifestations ranging in severity from reversible edema to interstitial hemorrhage. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardiac microvascular I/R injury including edema, impaired vasomotion, coronary microembolization, and capillary destruction. In contrast to their role in cell types with higher energy demands, mitochondria in endothelial cells primarily function in signaling cellular responses to environmental cues. It is clear that abnormal mitochondrial signatures, including mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy, play a substantial role in endothelial cell function. While the pathogenic role of each of these mitochondrial alterations in the endothelial cells I/R injury remains complex, profiling of mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial cell dysfunction may offer promising potential targets in the search for novel diagnostics and therapeutics in cardiac microvascular I/R injury. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress on cardiac microvascular endothelial cells dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, are critically discussed to understand their roles in endothelial cell survival. Finally, mitophagy, as a degradative mechanism for damaged mitochondria, is summarized to figure out its contribution to the progression of microvascular I/R injury.
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23
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Yang J, Zhang L, Liu C, Zhang J, Yu S, Yu J, Bian S, Yu S, Zhang C, Huang L. Trimetazidine attenuates high-altitude fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness impairment: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:109003. [PMID: 31125823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimetazidine (TMZ) has been shown to optimize myocardial energy metabolism and is a common anti-ischemic agent. Our trial (ChiCTR-TRC-13003298) aimed to explore whether TMZ has any preventive effect on high-altitude fatigue (HAF), cardiac function and cardiorespiratory fitness upon acute high-altitude exposure and how it works on HAF. Thirty-nine healthy young subjects were enrolled in a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial and were randomized to take oral TMZ (n = 20) or placebo (n = 19), 20 mg tid, 14 days prior to departure until the end of study. The 2018 Lake Louise Score questionnaire, echocardiography, assessments of physical working capacity, circulating markers of myocardial energy metabolism and fatigue were performed both before departure and arrival at highland. At follow-up, TMZ significantly reduced the incidence of HAF (p = 0.038), reversed cardiorespiratory fitness impairment, decreased left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV, p = 0.032) and enhanced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, p = 0.015) at highland. Relative to the placebo group, the TMZ group had significantly lower LDH (p = 0.025) and lactate levels before (p < 0.001) and after (p = 0.012) physical exercise after acute high-altitude exposure. Additionally, improved left ventricular systolic function might have contributed to ameliorating HAF during TMZ treatment (LVEF, OR = 0.859, 95% CI = 0.741-0.996, p = 0.044). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that TMZ could prevent HAF, cardiorespiratory fitness impairment and improves left ventricular systolic function during acute high-altitude exposure. This trial provides new insights into the effect of TMZ and novel evidence against HAF and cardiorespiratory fitness impairment at highland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Laiping Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shizhu Bian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Sanjiu Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China.
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