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Kim JY, Jung JH, Jung S, Lee S, Lee HA, Ouh YT, Hong SH. Glyoxalase 1: Emerging biomarker and therapeutic target in cervical cancer progression. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299345. [PMID: 38870176 PMCID: PMC11175447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer presents a significant global health challenge, disproportionately impacting underserved populations with limited access to healthcare. Early detection and effective management are vital in addressing this public health concern. This study focuses on Glyoxalase-1 (GLO1), an enzyme crucial for methylglyoxal detoxification, in the context of cervical cancer. METHODS We assessed GLO1 expression in cervical cancer patient samples using immunohistochemistry. In vitro experiments using HeLa cells were conducted to evaluate the impact of GLO1 inhibition on cell viability and migration. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and gene set variation analysis were utilized to investigate the role of GLO1 in the metabolism of cervical cancer. Additionally, public microarray data were analyzed to determine GLO1 expression across various stages of cervical cancer. RESULTS Our analysis included 58 cervical cancer patients, and showed that GLO1 is significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues compared to normal cervical tissues, independent of pathological findings and disease stage. In vitro experiments indicated that GLO1 inhibition by S-p-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester decreased cell viability and migration in cervical cancer cell lines. Analyses of scRNA-seq data and public gene expression datasets corroborated the overexpression of GLO1 and its involvement in cancer metabolism, particularly glycolysis. An examination of expression data from precancerous lesions revealed a progressive increase in GLO1 expression from normal tissue to invasive cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the critical role of GLO1 in the progression of cervical cancer, presenting it as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. These findings contribute valuable insights towards personalized treatment approaches and augment the ongoing efforts to combat cervical cancer. Further research is necessary to comprehensively explore GLO1's potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soryung Jung
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Ah Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Taek Ouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- KW-Bio Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Oliveira AL, Medeiros ML, Gomes EDT, Mello GC, Costa SKP, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. TRPA1 channel mediates methylglyoxal-induced mouse bladder dysfunction. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1308077. [PMID: 38143915 PMCID: PMC10739337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1308077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel (TRPA1) is expressed in urothelial cells and bladder nerve endings. Hyperglycemia in diabetic individuals induces accumulation of the highly reactive dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO), which modulates TRPA1 activity. Long-term oral intake of MGO causes mouse bladder dysfunction. We hypothesized that TRPA1 takes part in the machinery that leads to MGO-induced bladder dysfunction. Therefore, we evaluated TRPA1 expression in the bladder and the effects of 1 h-intravesical infusion of the selective TRPA1 blocker HC-030031 (1 nmol/min) on MGO-induced cystometric alterations. Methods: Five-week-old female C57BL/6 mice received 0.5% MGO in their drinking water for 12 weeks, whereas control mice received tap water alone. Results: Compared to the control group, the protein levels and immunostaining for the MGO-derived hydroimidazolone isomer MG-H1 was increased in bladders of the MGO group, as observed in urothelium and detrusor smooth muscle. TRPA1 protein expression was significantly higher in bladder tissues of MGO compared to control group with TRPA1 immunostaining both lamina propria and urothelium, but not the detrusor smooth muscle. Void spot assays in conscious mice revealed an overactive bladder phenotype in MGO-treated mice characterized by increased number of voids and reduced volume per void. Filling cystometry in anaesthetized animals revealed an increased voiding frequency, reduced bladder capacity, and reduced voided volume in MGO compared to vehicle group, which were all reversed by HC-030031 infusion. Conclusion: TRPA1 activation is implicated in MGO-induced mouse overactive bladder. TRPA1 blockers may be useful to treat diabetic bladder dysfunction in individuals with high MGO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila L. Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus L. Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraia Katia Pereira Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z. Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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Yousri NA, Albagha OME, Hunt SC. Integrated epigenome, whole genome sequence and metabolome analyses identify novel multi-omics pathways in type 2 diabetes: a Middle Eastern study. BMC Med 2023; 21:347. [PMID: 37679740 PMCID: PMC10485955 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T2D is of high prevalence in the middle east and thus studying its mechanisms is of a significant importance. Using 1026 Qatar BioBank samples, epigenetics, whole genome sequencing and metabolomics were combined to further elucidate the biological mechanisms of T2D in a population with a high prevalence of T2D. METHODS An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) with T2D was performed using the Infinium 850K EPIC array, followed by whole genome-wide sequencing SNP-CpG association analysis (> 5.5 million SNPs) and a methylome-metabolome (CpG-metabolite) analysis of the identified T2D sites. RESULTS A total of 66 T2D-CpG associations were identified, including 63 novel sites in pathways of fructose and mannose metabolism, insulin signaling, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbohydrate absorption and digestion. Whole genome SNP associations with the 66 CpGs resulted in 688 significant CpG-SNP associations comprising 22 unique CpGs (33% of the 66 CPGs) and included 181 novel pairs or pairs in novel loci. Fourteen of the loci overlapped published GWAS loci for diabetes related traits and were used to identify causal associations of HK1 and PFKFB2 with HbA1c. Methylome-metabolome analysis identified 66 significant CpG-metabolite pairs among which 61 pairs were novel. Using the identified methylome-metabolome associations, methylation QTLs, and metabolic networks, a multi-omics network was constructed which suggested a number of metabolic mechanisms underlying T2D methylated genes. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:1) - a triglyceride-associated metabolite, shared a common network with 13 methylated CpGs, including TXNIP, PFKFB2, OCIAD1, and BLCAP. Mannonate - a food component/plant shared a common network with 6 methylated genes, including TXNIP, BLCAP, THBS4 and PEF1, pointing to a common possible cause of methylation in those genes. A subnetwork with alanine, glutamine, urea cycle (citrulline, arginine), and 1-carboxyethylvaline linked to PFKFB2 and TXNIP revealed associations with kidney function, hypertension and triglyceride metabolism. The pathway containing STYXL1-POR was associated with a sphingosine-ceramides subnetwork associated with HDL-C and LDL-C and point to steroid perturbations in T2D. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed several novel methylated genes in T2D, with their genomic variants and associated metabolic pathways with several implications for future clinical use of multi-omics associations in disease and for studying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Yousri
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
- Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Omar M E Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Wei SL, Yang Y, Si WY, Zhou Y, Li T, Du T, Zhang P, Li XL, Duan RN, Duan RS, Yang CL. Methylglyoxal suppresses microglia inflammatory response through NRF2-IκBζ pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102843. [PMID: 37573838 PMCID: PMC10440576 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite generated by glycolysis. Although abnormal accumulation of MGO has been reported in several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, the role of MGO in autoimmune diseases has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we found that the intracellular MGO levels increased in activated immune cells, such as microglia and lymphocytes. Treatment with MGO inhibited inflammatory cell accumulation in the spinal cord and ameliorated the clinical symptoms in EAE mice. Further analysis indicated that MGO suppressed M1-polarization of microglia cells and diminished their inflammatory cytokine production. MGO also inhibited the ability of microglial cells to recruit and activate lymphocytes by decreasing chemokine secretion and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Furthermore, MGO negatively regulated glycolysis by suppressing glucose transporter 1 expression. Mechanically, we found that MGO could activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway and NRF2 could bind to the promoter of IκBζ gene and suppressed its transcription and subsequently pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion, our results showed that MGO acts as an immunosuppressive metabolite by activating the NRF2-IκBζ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei-Yue Si
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Tong Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ruo-Nan Duan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, PR China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Marsiglio J, McPherson JP, Kovacsovics-Bankowski M, Jeter J, Vaklavas C, Swami U, Grossmann D, Erickson-Wayman A, Soares HP, Kerrigan K, Gibson B, Doherty JA, Hyngstrom J, Hardikar S, Hu-Lieskovan S. A single center case series of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus, patterns of disease onset and long-term clinical outcome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229823. [PMID: 37671166 PMCID: PMC10475559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a rare, but serious immune-related adverse event (irAE) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Our goal was to characterize treatment outcomes associated with ICI-induced T1DM through analysis of clinical, immunological and proteomic data. Methods This was a single-center case series of patients with solid tumors who received ICIs and subsequently had a new diagnosis of T1DM. ICD codes and C-peptide levels were used to identify patients for chart review to confirm ICI-induced T1DM. Baseline blood specimens were studied for proteomic and immunophenotypic changes. Results Between 2011 and 2023, 18 of 3744 patients treated at Huntsman Cancer Institute with ICIs were confirmed to have ICI-induced T1DM (0.48%). Eleven of the 18 patients received anti-PD1 monotherapy, 4 received anti-PD1 plus chemotherapy or targeted therapy, and 3 received ipilimumab plus nivolumab. The mean time to onset was 218 days (range 22-418 days). Patients had sudden elevated serum glucose within 2-3 weeks prior to diagnosis. Sixteen (89%) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. Three of 12 patients had positive T1DM-associated autoantibodies. All patients with T1DM became insulin-dependent through follow-up. At median follow-up of 21.9 months (range 8.4-82.4), no patients in the melanoma group had progressed or died from disease. In the melanoma group, best responses were 2 complete response and 2 partial response while on active treatment; none in the adjuvant group had disease recurrence. Proteomic analysis of baseline blood suggested low inflammatory (IL-6, OSMR) markers and high metabolic (GLO1, DXCR) markers in ICI-induced T1DM cohort. Conclusions Our case series demonstrates rapid onset and irreversibility of ICI-induced T1DM. Melanoma patients with ICI-induced T1DM display excellent clinical response and survival. Limited proteomic data also suggested a unique proteomic profile. Our study helps clinicians to understand the unique clinical presentation and long-term outcomes of this rare irAE for best clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marsiglio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jordan P. McPherson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Joanne Jeter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Christos Vaklavas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Umang Swami
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Douglas Grossmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Heloisa P. Soares
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Katie Kerrigan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Berit Gibson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jennifer Anne Doherty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John Hyngstrom
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Enríquez-Flores S, De la Mora-De la Mora I, García-Torres I, Flores-López LA, Martínez-Pérez Y, López-Velázquez G. Human Triosephosphate Isomerase Is a Potential Target in Cancer Due to Commonly Occurring Post-Translational Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:6163. [PMID: 37630415 PMCID: PMC10459230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer involves a series of diseases where cellular growth is not controlled. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the burden of cancer incidence and mortality is rapidly growing, mainly in developing countries. Many drugs are currently used, from chemotherapeutic agents to immunotherapy, among others, along with organ transplantation. Treatments can cause severe side effects, including remission and progression of the disease with serious consequences. Increased glycolytic activity is characteristic of cancer cells. Triosephosphate isomerase is essential for net ATP production in the glycolytic pathway. Notably, some post-translational events have been described that occur in human triosephosphate isomerase in which functional and structural alterations are provoked. This is considered a window of opportunity, given the differences that may exist between cancer cells and their counterpart in normal cells concerning the glycolytic enzymes. Here, we provide elements that bring out the potential of triosephosphate isomerase, under post-translational modifications, to be considered an efficacious target for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Enríquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (I.D.l.M.-D.l.M.); (I.G.-T.)
| | - Ignacio De la Mora-De la Mora
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (I.D.l.M.-D.l.M.); (I.G.-T.)
| | - Itzhel García-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (I.D.l.M.-D.l.M.); (I.G.-T.)
| | - Luis A. Flores-López
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, CONAHCYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Yoalli Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (I.D.l.M.-D.l.M.); (I.G.-T.)
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Zhao Y, Jia H, Hua X, An T, Song J. Cardio-oncology: Shared Genetic, Metabolic, and Pharmacologic Mechanism. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:863-878. [PMID: 37493874 PMCID: PMC10403418 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The article aims to investigate the complex relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on the effects of cancer treatment on cardiac health. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in cancer treatment have improved long-term survival rates, but CVD has emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The interplay between cancer itself, treatment methods, homeostatic changes, and lifestyle modifications contributes to this comorbidity. Recent research in the field of cardio-oncology has revealed common genetic mutations, risk factors, and metabolic features associated with the co-occurrence of cancer and CVD. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research in cardio-oncology, including common genetic mutations, risk factors, and metabolic features, and explores the interactions between cancer treatment and CVD drugs, proposing novel approaches for the management of cancer and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Tao An
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, 100037 Beijing, China
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Jandova J, Galons JP, Dettman DL, Wondrak GT. Systemic deuteration of SCID mice using the water-isotopologue deuterium oxide (D 2 O) inhibits tumor growth in an orthotopic bioluminescent model of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:598-612. [PMID: 36727657 PMCID: PMC10106369 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial discovery as a natural isotopologue of dihydrogen oxide (1 H2 O), extensive research has focused on the biophysical, biochemical, and pharmacological effects of deuterated water (2 H2 O [D2 O, also referred to as "heavy water"]). Using a panel of cultured human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells we have profiled (i) D2 O-induced phenotypic antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects, (ii) redox- and proteotoxicity-directed stress response gene expression, and (iii) phosphoprotein-signaling related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and MAP-kinase stress response pathways. Differential array analysis revealed early modulation of stress response gene expression in both BxPC-3 and PANC-1 PDAC cells elicited by D2 O (90%; ≤6 h; upregulated: HMOX1, NOS2, CYP2E1, CRYAB, DDIT3, NFKBIA, PTGS1, SOD2, PTGS2; downregulated: RUNX1, MYC, HSPA8, HSPA1A) confirmed by independent RT-qPCR analysis. Immunoblot-analysis revealed rapid (≤6 h) onset of D2 O-induced MAP-kinase signaling (p-JNK, p-p38) together with ER stress response upregulation (p-eIF2α, ATF4, XBP1s, DDIT3/CHOP). Next, we tested the chemotherapeutic efficacy of D2 O-based drinking water supplementation in an orthotopic PDAC model employing firefly luciferase-expressing BxPC-3-FLuc cells in SCID mice. First, feasibility and time course of systemic deuteration (30% D2 O in drinking water; 21 days) were established using time-resolved whole-body proton magnetic resonance imaging and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry-based plasma (D/H)-analysis. D2 O-supplementation suppressed tumor growth by almost 80% with downregulated expression of PCNA, MYC, RUNX1, and HSP70 while increasing tumor levels of DDIT3/CHOP, HO-1, and p-eIF2α. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that pharmacological induction of systemic deuteration significantly reduces orthotopic tumor burden in a murine PDAC xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - David L. Dettman
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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10
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Allegra A, Murdaca G, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051325. [PMID: 37238995 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good response, immune-based treatments, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, rely on a strong infiltration of T cells into the tumour microenvironment. The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. These immune dysregulation-related tumour-mediated perturbations include oxidative stress, which can encourage lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and T regulatory cells dysfunction. In this review, we have made an effort to characterize the status of immunological checkpoints, the degree of oxidative stress, and the part that latter plays in determining the therapeutic impact of immunological check point inhibitors in different neoplastic diseases. In the second section of the review, we will make an effort to assess new therapeutic possibilities that, by affecting redox signalling, may modify the effectiveness of immunological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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11
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de Faria Lopes L, Jandova J, Justiniano R, Perer J, Baptista MS, Wondrak GT. The Glycolysis-derived α-Dicarbonyl Metabolite Methylglyoxal is a UVA-photosensitizer Causing the Photooxidative Elimination of HaCaT Keratinocytes with Induction of Oxidative and Proteotoxic Stress Response Gene Expression †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:826-834. [PMID: 36109156 PMCID: PMC10321145 DOI: 10.1111/php.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cellular oxidative stress contributes to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Light-driven electron and energy transfer reactions involving non-DNA chromophores are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin, and the molecular identity of numerous endogenous chromophores acting as UV-photosensitizers has been explored. Methylglyoxal (MG), a glycolytic byproduct bearing a UV-active α-dicarbonyl-chromophore, is generated under metabolic conditions of increased glycolytic flux, associated with posttranslational protein adduction in human tissue. Here, we undertook a photophysical and photochemical characterization of MG substantiating its fluorescence properties (Stokes shift), phosphorescence lifetime, and quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) formation. Strikingly, upon UV-excitation (290 nm), a clear emission (around 490 nm) was observed (phosphorescence-lifetime: 224.2 milliseconds). At micromolar concentrations, MG acts as a UVA-photosensitizer targeting human HaCaT-keratinocytes inducing photooxidative stress and caspase-dependent cell death substantiated by zVADfmk-rescue and Alexa-488 caspase-3 flow cytometry. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that MG (photoexcited by noncytotoxic doses of UVA) elicits expression changes not observable upon isolated MG- or UVA-treatment, with upregulation of the proteotoxic (CRYAB, HSPA6) and oxidative (HMOX1) stress response. Given the metabolic origin of MG and its role in human pathology, future investigations should address the potential involvement of MG-photosensitizer activity in human skin photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohanna de Faria Lopes
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy, and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Rebecca Justiniano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy, and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessica Perer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy, and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Maurício S. Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy, and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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12
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Xie N, Zhang R, Bi Z, Ren W, You K, Hu H, Xu Y, Yao H. H3K27 acetylation activated long noncoding RNA RP11-162G10.5 promotes breast cancer progression via the YBX1/GLO1 axis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:375-390. [PMID: 36576700 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) orchestrate critical roles in human tumorigenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs in tissue-specific expressions in breast cancer (BC) remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate lncRNA role and mechanisms in BC. METHODS RNA sequencing was used to explore differentially expressed lncRNAs in BC and adjacent tissues. H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) chromatin immune-precipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data of BC cells from the GEO dataset (GSE85158) was retrieved to identify the H3K27ac activated lncRNAs that were involved in tumorigenesis. RP11-162G10.5 was selected as the target lncRNA for further functional and mechanism study. RESULTS In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA RP11-162G10.5, whose overexpression was specifically driven by H3K27ac in luminal breast cancer. And increased RP11-162G10.5 in BC is correlated with poor patient outcomes. RP11-162G10.5 promotes tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RP11-162G10.5 recruits transcriptional factor YBX1 to the GLO1 promoter, consequently activating GLO1 transcription to modulate the progression of BC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the histone modification-activated lncRNA contributes to the oncogenesis of BC. Also, our data reveal a role for RP11-162G10.5 in BC tumorigenesis and may supply a strategy for targeting the RP11-162G10.5 as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofei Bi
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyun You
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Herui Yao
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Sestrin2 contributes to BRAF inhibitor resistance via reducing redox vulnerability of melanoma cells. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 109:52-60. [PMID: 36858850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment resistance often occurs with BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy for melanoma, bringing in a great challenge to the treatment of melanoma patients harboring mutant BRAF gene. Recent studies revealed redox vulnerability constitutes a novel opportunity to overcome BRAFi resistance. Previously we found Sestrin2 provided protection to metastatic melanoma cells by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by anoikis, but its defensive role against redox stimuli elicited by BRAFi was unclear. OBJECTIVE In-depth explored the role of Sestrin2 in BRAFi-resistant melanoma. METHODS Vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells were established using 451Lu and UACC62 cell lines carrying BRAFV600E mutation. Mechanistic studies were subsequently performed by transfection of lentiviral vectors encoding an shRNA against SESN2 or embedded with the coding sequences of SESN2 cDNA. RESULTS Elevated Sestrin2 expression was found in vemurafenib-resistance melanoma cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells employ Sestrin2 to adapt to higher oxidative stress under vemurafenib exposure. It was also demonstrated that mTOR signaling was significantly activated following Sestrin2 knockdown. Given the known promoting role of active mTOR signaling in melanoma proliferation and survival, the effects of mTOR blocker and Sestrin2 ablation on BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells were further tested, and the combination was found to result in enhanced inhibition of melanoma cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the contribution of Sestrin2 to the development of BRAFi resistance and the fact that the combination of mTOR blocker assisted Sestrein2 ablation in eliminating BRAFi resistance of melanoma. Therefore, mTOR and Sestrin2 may be novel combinatorial therapeutic targets to overcome BRAFi resistance of melanoma.
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14
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Yang H, Wang J, Huang G. Small extracellular vesicles in metabolic remodeling of tumor cells: Cargos and translational application. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009952. [PMID: 36588730 PMCID: PMC9800502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect is characterized by excessive consumption of glucose by the tumor cells under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. This metabolic reprogramming allows the tumor cells to adapt to the unique microenvironment and proliferate rapidly, and also promotes tumor metastasis and therapy resistance. Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is driven by the aberrant expression and activity of metabolic enzymes, which results in the accumulation of oncometabolites, and the hyperactivation of intracellular growth signals. Recent studies suggest that tumor-associated metabolic remodeling also depends on intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), also known as exosomes, are smaller than 200 nm in diameter and are formed by the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The sEVs are instrumental in transporting cargoes such as proteins, nucleic acids or metabolites between the tumor, stromal and immune cells of the TME, and are thus involved in reprogramming the glucose metabolism of recipient cells. In this review, we have summarized the biogenesis and functions of sEVs and metabolic cargos, and the mechanisms through they drive the Warburg effect. Furthermore, the potential applications of targeting sEV-mediated metabolic pathways in tumor liquid biopsy, imaging diagnosis and drug development have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Gang Huang, ; Hao Yang,
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Gang Huang, ; Hao Yang,
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15
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Soares NC, Ali A, Srinivasulu V, Sharaf BM, Giddey AD, Okendo J, Al-Hroub HM, Semreen MH, Hamad M, Al-Tel TH. Unveiling the mechanism of action of nature-inspired anti-cancer compounds using a multi-omics approach. J Proteomics 2022; 265:104660. [PMID: 35728772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 2020 global cancer registry has ranked breast cancer (BCa) as the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Increasing resistance and significant side effects continue to limit the efficacy of anti-BCa drugs, hence the need to identify new drug targets and to develop novel compounds to overcome these limitations. Nature-inspired anti-cancer compounds are becoming increasingly popular since they often provide a relatively safe and effective alternative. In this study, we employed multi-omics techniques to gain insights into the relevant mechanism of action of two recently identified new nature-inspired anti-cancer compounds (SIMR3066 and SIMR3058). Discovery proteomics analysis combined with LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on compound-treated vs DMSO-treated (control) MCF-7 cells. Downstream protein functional enrichment analysis showed that most of the responsive proteins were functionally associated with antigen processing and neutrophil degranulation, RNA catabolism and protein folding as well as cytoplasmic vesicle lumen and mitochondrial matrix formation. Consistent with the proteomics findings, metabolomic pathway analysis suggested that the differentially abundant compounds indicated altered metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, metabolomics-based enriched-for-action pathway analysis showed that the two compounds associate with mercaptopurine, thioguanine and azathioprine related pathways. Lastly, integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that treatment of BCa with SIMR3066 disrupts several signaling pathways including p53-mediated apoptosis and the circadian entertainment pathway. Overall, the multi-omics approach we used in this study indicated that it is a powerful tool in probing the mechanism of action of lead drug candidates. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study we adopted a multi-omics (proteomics and metabolomics) strategy to learn more about the molecular mechanisms of action of nature-inspired potential anticancer drugs. Following treatment with SIMR3066 or SIMR3058, the integration of these multi-omics data sets revealed which biological pathways are altered in BCa cells. This study demonstrates that combining proteomics with metabolomics is a powerful method to investigate the mechanism of action of potential anticancer lead drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Soares
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basma M Sharaf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D Giddey
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javan Okendo
- Systems and Chemical Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Hamza M Al-Hroub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Jandova J, Park SL, Corenblum MJ, Madhavan L, Snell JA, Rounds L, Wondrak GT. Mefloquine induces ER stress and apoptosis in BRAFi-resistant A375-BRAF V600E /NRAS Q61K malignant melanoma cells targeting intracranial tumors in a bioluminescent murine model. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:603-614. [PMID: 35417045 PMCID: PMC9133119 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapeutics have revolutionized the treatment of BRAFV600E -driven malignant melanoma, but the rapid development of resistance to BRAF kinase inhibitors (BRAFi) presents a significant obstacle. The use of clinical antimalarials for the investigational treatment of malignant melanoma has shown only moderate promise, attributed mostly to inhibition of lysosomal-autophagic adaptations of cancer cells, but identification of specific antimalarials displaying single-agent antimelanoma activity has remained elusive. Here, we have screened a focused library of clinically used artemisinin-combination therapeutic (ACT) antimalarials for the apoptotic elimination of cultured malignant melanoma cell lines, also examining feasibility of overcoming BRAFi-resistance comparing isogenic melanoma cells that differ only by NRAS mutational status (BRAFi-sensitive A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61 vs. BRAFi-resistant A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61K ). Among ACT antimalarials tested, mefloquine (MQ) was the only apoptogenic agent causing melanoma cell death at low micromolar concentrations. Comparative gene expression-array analysis (A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61 vs. A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61K ) revealed that MQ is a dual inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and redox stress responses that precede MQ-induced loss of viability. ER-trackerTM DPX fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy indicated ER swelling, accompanied by rapid induction of ER stress signaling (phospho-eIF2α, XBP-1s, ATF4). Fluo-4 AM-fluorescence indicated the occurrence of cytosolic calcium overload observable within seconds of MQ exposure. In a bioluminescent murine model employing intracranial injection of A375-Luc2 (BRAFV600E /NRASQ61K ) cells, an oral MQ regimen efficiently antagonized brain tumor growth. Taken together, these data suggest that the clinical antimalarial MQ may be a valid candidate for drug repurposing aiming at chemotherapeutic elimination of malignant melanoma cells, even if metastasized to the brain and BRAFi-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sophia L. Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mandi J. Corenblum
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lalitha Madhavan
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Snell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Liliana Rounds
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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17
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Xu Y, Chen C, Guo Y, Hu S, Sun Z. Effect of CRISPR/Cas9-Edited PD-1/PD-L1 on Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848327. [PMID: 35300341 PMCID: PMC8920996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology implements precise programming of the human genome through RNA guidance. At present, it has been widely used in the construction of animal tumor models, the study of drug resistance regulation mechanisms, epigenetic control and innovation in cancer treatment. Tumor immunotherapy restores the normal antitumor immune response by restarting and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has occupied a central position in further optimizing anti-programmed cell death 1(PD-1) tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in exploring the regulatory mechanism of tumor immune PD-1 and programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its clinical application in different cancer types. In addition, CRISPR genome-wide screening identifies new drug targets and biomarkers to identify potentially sensitive populations for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and maximize antitumor effects. Finally, the strong potential and challenges of CRISPR/Cas9 for future clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengyun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Ma Y, Wang N, Yang S. Skin cutaneous melanoma properties of immune-related lncRNAs identifying potential prognostic biomarkers. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3030-3048. [PMID: 35361740 PMCID: PMC9037265 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most aggressive and life-threatening cancers with high incidence rate, metastasis rate and mortality. Early detection and stratification of risk assessment are essential to treat SKCM and to improve survival rate. The aim of this study is to construct an immune-related lncRNAs (immlncRNAs) prognosis risk model to identify immune biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis assessment and target immunotherapy of SKCM. For this purpose, we identified 46 immlncRNAs significantly correlated with SKCM prognosis to construct the prognostic risk model and patients were stratified into the high- and low-risk subgroups according to the developed model. The predictive efficiency of this model has been proved by K-M survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve. Moreover, CIBERSORT algorithms confirmed that there were differences in immune cell infiltration between the high- and low-risk groups. Functional enrichment analysis further indicated that immlncRNAs were related to a variety of immune response process signaling pathways, suggesting that relevant immlncRNAs could play an important role in the immune regulation of SKCM. Finally, subgroup analysis and multiple Cox regression analysis further proved the stability of the model. In summary, we successfully constructed a 46 immlncRNA-related prognostic risk score model with excellent predictive efficacy and provided more possibilities to investigate the immune regulation mechanisms and to develop immunotherapy of SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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Selvakumar SC, Preethi KA, Ross K, Tusubira D, Khan MWA, Mani P, Rao TN, Sekar D. CRISPR/Cas9 and next generation sequencing in the personalized treatment of Cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:83. [PMID: 35331236 PMCID: PMC8944095 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is caused by a combination of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Current cancer therapies are limited due to the complexity of their mechanism, underlining the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, combining the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) system with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to speed up the identification, validation, and targeting of high-value targets. Main text Personalized or precision medicine combines genetic information with phenotypic and environmental characteristics to produce healthcare tailored to the individual and eliminates the constraints of “one-size-fits-all” therapy. Precision medicine is now possible thanks to cancer genome sequencing. Having advantages over limited sample requirements and the recent development of biomarkers have made the use of NGS a major leap in personalized medicine. Tumor and cell-free DNA profiling using NGS, proteome and RNA analyses, and a better understanding of immunological systems, are all helping to improve cancer treatment choices. Finally, direct targeting of tumor genes in cancer cells with CRISPR/Cas9 may be achievable, allowing for eliminating genetic changes that lead to tumor growth and metastatic capability. Conclusion With NGS and CRISPR/Cas9, the goal is no longer to match the treatment for the diagnosed tumor but rather to build a treatment method that fits the tumor exactly. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the potential role of CRISPR/Cas9 and NGS in advancing personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmaa Chandralekha Selvakumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - K Auxzilia Preethi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Deusdedit Tusubira
- Biochemistry Department, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagal Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Annai College of Arts and Science, Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Tentu Nageswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 521001, India
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
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Wondrak GT, Jandova J, Williams SJ, Schenten D. Solar simulated ultraviolet radiation inactivates HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses at environmentally relevant doses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 224:112319. [PMID: 34598020 PMCID: PMC8463283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The germicidal properties of short wavelength ultraviolet C (UVC) light are well established and used to inactivate many viruses and other microbes. However, much less is known about germicidal effects of terrestrial solar UV light, confined exclusively to wavelengths in the UVA and UVB regions. Here, we have explored the sensitivity of the human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 to solar-simulated full spectrum ultraviolet light (sUV) delivered at environmentally relevant doses. First, HCoV-NL63 coronavirus inactivation by sUV-exposure was confirmed employing (i) viral plaque assays, (ii) RT-qPCR detection of viral genome replication, and (iii) infection-induced stress response gene expression array analysis. Next, a detailed dose-response relationship of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus inactivation by sUV was elucidated, suggesting a half maximal suppression of viral infectivity at low sUV doses. Likewise, extended sUV exposure of SARS-CoV-2 blocked cellular infection as revealed by plaque assay and stress response gene expression array analysis. Moreover, comparative (HCoV-NL63 versus SARS-CoV-2) single gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR confirmed that sUV exposure blocks coronavirus-induced redox, inflammatory, and proteotoxic stress responses. Based on our findings, we estimate that solar ground level full spectrum UV light impairs coronavirus infectivity at environmentally relevant doses. Given the urgency and global scale of the unfolding SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, these prototype data suggest feasibility of solar UV-induced viral inactivation, an observation deserving further molecular exploration in more relevant exposure models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Spencer J Williams
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Dominik Schenten
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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21
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Jandova J, Wondrak GT. Vemurafenib Drives Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Expression in BRAF Inhibitor‒Resistant BRAF V600E/NRAS Q61K Melanoma Enhancing Tumor Growth and Metastasis in a Bioluminescent Murine Model. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1456-1465.e1. [PMID: 34687745 PMCID: PMC9021323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) resistance compromises long-term survivorship of patients with malignant melanoma, and mutant NRAS is a major mediator of BRAFi resistance. In this study, employing phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of isogenic melanoma cells that differ only by NRAS mutational status (BRAFi-sensitive A375-BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 vs. BRAFi-resistant A375-BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K), we show that BRAFi (vemurafenib) treatment selectively targets BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells upregulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression, paradoxically promoting invasiveness and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. First, NanoString nCounter transcriptomic analysis identified the upregulation of specific gene expression networks (EMT and EMT to metastasis) as a function of NRASQ61K status. Strikingly, BRAFi treatment further exacerbated the upregulation of genes promoting EMT in BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells (with opposing downregulation of EMT-driver genes in the BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 genotype) as detected by EMT-focused RT2 Profiler qPCR array analysis. In BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells, BRAFi treatment enhanced proliferation and invasiveness, together with activation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Ser473), with opposing phenotypic effects observable in BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 cells displaying downregulation of phosphorylated protein kinase B and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. In a SCID mouse bioluminescent melanoma metastasis model, BRAFi treatment enhanced lung tumor burden imposed by BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K cells while blocking BRAFV600E/NRASQ61 metastasis. These preclinical data document the BRAFi-driven enhancement of tumorigenesis and metastasis in BRAFi-resistant human BRAFV600E/NRASQ61K melanoma, a finding with potential clinical implications for patients with NRAS-driven BRAFi-resistant tumors receiving BRAFi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; UA Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; UA Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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22
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Jandova J, Snell J, Hua A, Dickinson S, Fimbres J, Wondrak GT. Topical hypochlorous acid (HOCl) blocks inflammatory gene expression and tumorigenic progression in UV-exposed SKH-1 high risk mouse skin. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102042. [PMID: 34144392 PMCID: PMC8217684 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is the active oxidizing principle underlying drinking water disinfection, also delivered by numerous skin disinfectants and released by standard swimming pool chemicals used on a global scale, a topic of particular relevance in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cutaneous consequences of human exposure to HOCl remain largely unknown, posing a major public health concern. Here, for the first time, we have profiled the HOCl-induced stress response in reconstructed human epidermis and SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. In addition, we have investigated the molecular consequences of solar simulated ultraviolet (UV) radiation and HOCl combinations, a procedure mimicking co-exposure experienced for example by recreational swimmers exposed to both HOCl (pool disinfectant) and UV (solar radiation). First, gene expression elicited by acute topical HOCl exposure was profiled in organotypic human reconstructed epidermis. Next, co-exposure studies (combining topical HOCl and UV) performed in SKH-1 hairless mouse skin revealed that the HOCl-induced cutaneous stress response blocks redox and inflammatory gene expression elicited by subsequent acute UV exposure (Nos2, Ptgs2, Hmox1, Srxn1), a finding consistent with emerging clinical evidence in support of a therapeutic role of topical HOCl formulations for the suppression of inflammatory skin conditions (e.g. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis). Likewise, in AP-1 transgenic SKH-1 luciferase-reporter mice, topical HOCl suppressed UV-induced inflammatory signaling assessed by bioluminescent imaging and gene expression analysis. In the SKH-1 high-risk mouse model of UV-induced human keratinocytic skin cancer, topical HOCl blocked tumorigenic progression and inflammatory gene expression (Ptgs2, Il19, Tlr4), confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis including 3-chloro-tyrosine-epitopes. These data illuminate the molecular consequences of HOCl-exposure in cutaneous organotypic and murine models assessing inflammatory gene expression and modulation of UV-induced carcinogenesis. If translatable to human skin these observations provide novel insights on molecular consequences of chlorination stress relevant to environmental exposure and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jeremy Snell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anh Hua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jocelyn Fimbres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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23
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Xu C, Chen H. A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Model Predicts Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment for Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:697043. [PMID: 34447410 PMCID: PMC8384470 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.697043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma is a common but aggressive tumor. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered cell death with important roles in tumor biology. Nevertheless, the prognostic power of ferroptosis-linked genes remained unclear in cutaneous melanoma. Methods Cutaneous melanoma patients of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) were taken as the training cohort while GSE65904 and GSE22153 as the validation cohorts. Multifactor Cox regression model was used to build a prognostic model, and the performance of the model was assessed. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analysis were used to clarify the mechanisms. Results A five ferroptosis-linked gene predictive model was developed. ALOX5 and GCH1 were illustrated as independent predictive factors. Functional assessment showed enriched immune-linked cascades. Immune infiltrating analysis exhibited the distinct immune microenvironment. Conclusion Herein, a novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic model was built in cutaneous melanoma. This model could be used for prognostic prediction, and maybe helpful for the targeted and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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24
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Rounds L, Nagle RB, Muranyi A, Jandova J, Gill S, Vela E, Wondrak GT. Glyoxalase 1 Expression as a Novel Diagnostic Marker of High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3608. [PMID: 34298821 PMCID: PMC8304603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive oncometabolite formed in the context of energy metabolism as a result of high glycolytic flux. Prior clinical evidence has documented GLO1 upregulation in various tumor types including prostate cancer (PCa). However, GLO1 expression has not been explored in the context of PCa progression with a focus on high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), a frequent precursor to invasive cancer. Here, we have evaluated GLO1 expression by immunohistochemistry in archival tumor samples from 187 PCa patients (stage 2 and 3). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed GLO1 upregulation during tumor progression, observable in HGPIN and PCa versus normal prostatic tissue. GLO1 upregulation was identified as a novel hallmark of HGPIN lesions, displaying the highest staining intensity in all clinical patient specimens. GLO1 expression correlated with intermediate-high risk Gleason grade but not with patient age, biochemical recurrence, or pathological stage. Our data identify upregulated GLO1 expression as a molecular hallmark of HGPIN lesions detectable by immunohistochemical analysis. Since current pathological assessment of HGPIN status solely depends on morphological features, GLO1 may serve as a novel diagnostic marker that identifies this precancerous lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rounds
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.R.); (J.J.)
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (A.M.); (S.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Ray B. Nagle
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Andrea Muranyi
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (A.M.); (S.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Scott Gill
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (A.M.); (S.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Elizabeth Vela
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA; (A.M.); (S.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (L.R.); (J.J.)
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25
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Wondrak GT, Jandova J, Williams SJ, Schenten D. Solar simulated ultraviolet radiation inactivates HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses at environmentally relevant doses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.06.25.449831. [PMID: 34282415 PMCID: PMC8288145 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.25.449831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The germicidal properties of short wavelength ultraviolet C (UVC) light are well established and used to inactivate many viruses and other microbes. However, much less is known about germicidal effects of terrestrial solar UV light, confined exclusively to wavelengths in the UVA and UVB regions. Here, we have explored the sensitivity of the human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 to solar-simulated full spectrum ultraviolet light (sUV) delivered at environmentally relevant doses. First, HCoV-NL63 coronavirus inactivation by sUV-exposure was confirmed employing (i) viral plaque assays, (ii) RT-qPCR detection of viral genome replication, and (iii) infection-induced stress response gene expression array analysis. Next, a detailed dose-response relationship of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus inactivation by sUV was elucidated, suggesting a half maximal suppression of viral infectivity at low sUV doses. Likewise, extended sUV exposure of SARS-CoV-2 blocked cellular infection as revealed by plaque assay and stress response gene expression array analysis. Moreover, comparative (HCoV-NL63 versus SARS-CoV-2) single gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR confirmed that sUV exposure blocks coronavirus-induced redox, inflammatory, and proteotoxic stress responses. Based on our findings, we estimate that solar ground level full spectrum UV light impairs coronavirus infectivity at environmentally relevant doses. Given the urgency and global scale of the unfolding SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, these prototype data suggest feasibility of solar UV-induced viral inactivation, an observation deserving further molecular exploration in more relevant exposure models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Dominik Schenten
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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26
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Antognelli C, Mandarano M, Prosperi E, Sidoni A, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase-1-Dependent Methylglyoxal Depletion Sustains PD-L1 Expression in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells: A Novel Mechanism in Cancer Immunosurveillance Escape and a Potential Novel Target to Overcome PD-L1 Blockade Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122965. [PMID: 34199263 PMCID: PMC8232032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is a well-known lethal condition. One of the mechanisms through which PCa cells become so aggressive is the avoidance of immune surveillance that further fosters cell growth, invasion, and migration. PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in inhibiting cytotoxic T cells and maintaining an immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment. Hence, targeting PD-L1/PD-1 axis represents a potential way to control mPCa. Unfortunately, mPCa patients do not respond to PD-L1/PD-1 axis blockade, focusing the research to understand the possible underpinning mechanisms. Our results provide a novel pathway taking part in cancer immunosurveillance escape and in the above-mentioned immunotherapy resistance, which provides the basis for additional studies aimed at developing novel therapeutic opportunities, possibly also in combination with antibodies blocking PD-L1/PD-1 axis. Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is a disease for which to date there is not curative therapy. Even the recent and attractive immunotherapeutic approaches targeting PD-L1, an immune checkpoint protein which helps cancer cells to escape from immunosurveillance, have proved ineffective. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to keep an immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with tumor progression and refractoriness to PD-L1 inhibitors is urgently needed. In the present study, by using gene silencing and specific activators or scavengers, we demonstrated, in mPCa cell models, that methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), especially 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1), and its metabolizing enzyme, glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), contribute to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment through MG-H1-mediated PD-L1 up-regulation and to promote cancer progression. Moreover, our findings suggest that this novel mechanism might be responsible, at least in part, of mPCa resistance to PD-L1 inhibitors, such as atezolizumab, and that targeting it may sensitize cells to this PD-L1 inhibitor. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of mPCa immunosurveillance escape and help in providing the basis to foster in vivo research toward novel therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy of mPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-8354
| | - Martina Mandarano
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Enrico Prosperi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
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Ling J, Chang A, Ye H, Zhao H, Zhuo X. TXNIP, CXCL1, and AREG as key genes in formaldehyde-induced head and neck carcinoma: an in silico analysis. Inhal Toxicol 2021; 33:113-120. [PMID: 33821754 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2021.1908461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports have shown that formaldehyde (FA) can induce malignant transformation in cells via complicated mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible molecules, pathways, and therapeutic agents for FA-induced head and neck cancer (HNC) by using bioinformatics approaches. METHODS High throughput data were analyzed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FA-treated nasal epithelium cells and controls. Then, the functions of the DEGs were annotated and the hub genes, as well as the key genes, were further screened out. Afterwards, potential drugs were predicted by using the connectivity map (CMAP) tool. RESULTS The information of a microarray-based dataset GSE21477 was extracted and analyzed. A total of 210 upregulated and 83 downregulated DEGs were generated, which might be enriched in various pathways, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Among these DEGs, three hub genes including TXNIP, CXCL1, and AREG, were identified as the key genes because they might affect the prognosis of HNC. Finally, a major active ingredient of blister beetles, Cantharidin, was predicted to be one of the potential drugs reversing FA-induced malignant transformation in head and neck epithelium cells. CONCLUSION The present analysis gave us a novel insight into the mechanisms of FA-induced malignant transformation in head and neck epithelium cells, and predicted several small agents for the prevention or treatment of HNC. Future experiment studies are warranted to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huiping Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Houyu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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28
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Jandova J, Hua AB, Fimbres J, Wondrak GT. Deuterium Oxide (D 2O) Induces Early Stress Response Gene Expression and Impairs Growth and Metastasis of Experimental Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:605. [PMID: 33546433 PMCID: PMC7913703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two stable isotopes of hydrogen, protium (1H) and deuterium (2H; D). Cellular stress response dysregulation in cancer represents both a major pathological driving force and a promising therapeutic target, but the molecular consequences and potential therapeutic impact of deuterium (2H)-stress on cancer cells remain largely unexplored. We have examined the anti-proliferative and apoptogenic effects of deuterium oxide (D2O; 'heavy water') together with stress response gene expression profiling in panels of malignant melanoma (A375V600E, A375NRAS, G361, LOX-IMVI), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PANC-1, Capan-2, or MIA PaCa-2) cells with inclusion of human diploid Hs27 skin fibroblasts. Moreover, we have examined the efficacy of D2O-based pharmacological intervention in murine models of human melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. D2O-induction of apoptosis was substantiated by AV-PI flow cytometry, immunodetection of PARP-1, and pro-caspase 3 cleavage, and rescue by pan-caspase inhibition. Differential array analysis revealed early modulation of stress response gene expression in both A375 melanoma and PANC-1 adenocarcinoma cells elicited by D2O (90%; ≤6 h) (upregulated: CDKN1A, DDIT3, EGR1, GADD45A, HMOX1, NFKBIA, or SOD2 (up to 9-fold; p < 0.01)) confirmed by independent RT-qPCR analysis. Immunoblot analysis revealed rapid onset of D2O-induced stress response phospho-protein activation (p-ERK, p-JNK, p-eIF2α, or p-H2AX) or attenuation (p-AKT). Feasibility of D2O-based chemotherapeutic intervention (drinking water (30% w/w)) was demonstrated in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse melanoma metastasis model using luciferase-expressing A375-Luc2 cells. Lung tumor burden (visualized by bioluminescence imaging) was attenuated by D2O, and inhibition of invasiveness was also confirmed in an in vitro Matrigel transwell invasion assay. D2O supplementation also suppressed tumor growth in a murine xenograft model of human melanoma, and median survival was significantly increased without causing adverse effects. These data demonstrate for the first time that systemic D2O administration impairs growth and metastasis of malignant melanoma through the pharmacological induction of deuterium (2H)-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.J.); (A.B.H.); (J.F.)
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