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Zhou X, Ma S, Xu Y, Sun C, Liao J, Song M, Li G, Yuchen L, Chen P, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yu B. Nicotine promotes Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis by activating the Nrf2/Slc7a11 signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112223. [PMID: 38772295 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Although smoking is a significant risk factor for osteomyelitis, there is limited experimental evidence that nicotine, a key tobacco constituent, is associated with this condition, leaving its mechanistic implications uncharacterized. This study revealed that nicotine promotes Staphylococcus aureus-induced osteomyelitis by increasing Nrf2 and Slc7a11 expression in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of Slc7a11 using Erastin augmented bacterial phagocytosis/killing capabilities and fortified antimicrobial responses in an osteomyelitis model. Moreover, untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that Erastin mitigated the effects of nicotine on S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis by altering glutamate/glutathione metabolism. These findings suggest that nicotine aggravates S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis by activating the Nrf2/Slc7a11 signaling pathway and that Slc7a11 inhibition can counteract the detrimental health effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyou Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sushuang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southerm Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongkai Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrui Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanzhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yuchen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Sekine H, Takeda H, Takeda N, Kishino A, Anzawa H, Isagawa T, Ohta N, Murakami S, Iwaki H, Kato N, Kimura S, Liu Z, Kato K, Katsuoka F, Yamamoto M, Miura F, Ito T, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Fujita H, Yamagata H, Bamba T, Akaike T, Suzuki N, Kinoshita K, Motohashi H. PNPO-PLP axis senses prolonged hypoxia in macrophages by regulating lysosomal activity. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1108-1127. [PMID: 38822028 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen is critical for all metazoan organisms on the earth and impacts various biological processes in physiological and pathological conditions. While oxygen-sensing systems inducing acute hypoxic responses, including the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, have been identified, those operating in prolonged hypoxia remain to be elucidated. Here we show that pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO), which catalyses bioactivation of vitamin B6, serves as an oxygen sensor and regulates lysosomal activity in macrophages. Decreased PNPO activity under prolonged hypoxia reduced an active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), and inhibited lysosomal acidification, which in macrophages led to iron dysregulation, TET2 protein loss and delayed resolution of the inflammatory response. Among PLP-dependent metabolism, supersulfide synthesis was suppressed in prolonged hypoxia, resulting in the lysosomal inhibition and consequent proinflammatory phenotypes of macrophages. The PNPO-PLP axis creates a distinct layer of oxygen sensing that gradually shuts down PLP-dependent metabolism in response to prolonged oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sekine
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Haruna Takeda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishino
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hayato Anzawa
- Department of System Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Nao Ohta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shohei Murakami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideya Iwaki
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Kato
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shu Kimura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zun Liu
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kato
- Division of Oxygen Biology, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumihito Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamagata
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Division of Oxygen Biology, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of System Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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5
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Berndt C, Alborzinia H, Amen VS, Ayton S, Barayeu U, Bartelt A, Bayir H, Bebber CM, Birsoy K, Böttcher JP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Brown AR, Brüne B, Bulli G, Bruneau A, Chen Q, DeNicola GM, Dick TP, Distéfano A, Dixon SJ, Engler JB, Esser-von Bieren J, Fedorova M, Friedmann Angeli JP, Friese MA, Fuhrmann DC, García-Sáez AJ, Garbowicz K, Götz M, Gu W, Hammerich L, Hassannia B, Jiang X, Jeridi A, Kang YP, Kagan VE, Konrad DB, Kotschi S, Lei P, Le Tertre M, Lev S, Liang D, Linkermann A, Lohr C, Lorenz S, Luedde T, Methner A, Michalke B, Milton AV, Min J, Mishima E, Müller S, Motohashi H, Muckenthaler MU, Murakami S, Olzmann JA, Pagnussat G, Pan Z, Papagiannakopoulos T, Pedrera Puentes L, Pratt DA, Proneth B, Ramsauer L, Rodriguez R, Saito Y, Schmidt F, Schmitt C, Schulze A, Schwab A, Schwantes A, Soula M, Spitzlberger B, Stockwell BR, Thewes L, Thorn-Seshold O, Toyokuni S, Tonnus W, Trumpp A, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Venkataramani V, Vogel FCE, von Karstedt S, Wang F, Westermann F, Wientjens C, Wilhelm C, Wölk M, Wu K, Yang X, Yu F, Zou Y, Conrad M. Ferroptosis in health and disease. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103211. [PMID: 38908072 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death highly relevant in various degenerative diseases and malignancies. The hallmark of ferroptosis is uncontrolled and overwhelming peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in membrane phospholipids, which eventually leads to rupture of the plasma membrane. Ferroptosis is unique in that it is essentially a spontaneous, uncatalyzed chemical process based on perturbed iron and redox homeostasis contributing to the cell death process, but that it is nonetheless modulated by many metabolic nodes that impinge on the cells' susceptibility to ferroptosis. Among the various nodes affecting ferroptosis sensitivity, several have emerged as promising candidates for pharmacological intervention, rendering ferroptosis-related proteins attractive targets for the treatment of numerous currently incurable diseases. Herein, the current members of a Germany-wide research consortium focusing on ferroptosis research, as well as key external experts in ferroptosis who have made seminal contributions to this rapidly growing and exciting field of research, have gathered to provide a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review on ferroptosis. Specific topics include: basic mechanisms, in vivo relevance, specialized methodologies, chemical and pharmacological tools, and the potential contribution of ferroptosis to disease etiopathology and progression. We hope that this article will not only provide established scientists and newcomers to the field with an overview of the multiple facets of ferroptosis, but also encourage additional efforts to characterize further molecular pathways modulating ferroptosis, with the ultimate goal to develop novel pharmacotherapies to tackle the various diseases associated with - or caused by - ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Skafar Amen
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging - University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Scott Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christina M Bebber
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ashley R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry1-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Giorgia Bulli
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alix Bruneau
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ayelén Distéfano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET, National University of Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan B Engler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Maria Fedorova
- Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Germany
| | - José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging - University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Dominic C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry1-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Götz
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, And Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Xuejun Jiang
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aicha Jeridi
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - David B Konrad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kotschi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Marlène Le Tertre
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sima Lev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deguang Liang
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolin Lohr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Lorenz
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Anna V Milton
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Junxia Min
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eikan Mishima
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Shohei Murakami
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET, National University of Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Zijan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bettina Proneth
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Ramsauer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
| | | | - Yoshiro Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
| | - Carina Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumour Metabolism and Microenvironment, DKFZ Heidelberg and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schwab
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Anna Schwantes
- Institute of Biochemistry1-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Mariluz Soula
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Benedikt Spitzlberger
- Department of Immunobiology, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonie Thewes
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Integrated Sciences of Low-temperature Plasma Core Research (iPlasma Core), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix C E Vogel
- Division of Tumour Metabolism and Microenvironment, DKFZ Heidelberg and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Germany
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Chantal Wientjens
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Katherine Wu
- Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, And Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilong Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China; Westlake Four-Dimensional Dynamic Metabolomics (Meta4D) Laboratory, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany.
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