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Picod A, Garcia B, Van Lier D, Pickkers P, Herpain A, Mebazaa A, Azibani F. Impaired angiotensin II signaling in septic shock. Ann Intensive Care 2024; 14:89. [PMID: 38877367 PMCID: PMC11178728 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-024-01325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest for the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in critically ill patients. Emerging data suggest that this vital homeostatic system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic and renal hemodynamics during stressful conditions, is altered in septic shock, ultimately leading to impaired angiotensin II-angiotensin II type 1 receptor signaling. Indeed, available evidence from both experimental models and human studies indicates that alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during septic shock can occur at three distinct levels: 1. Impaired generation of angiotensin II, possibly attributable to defects in angiotensin-converting enzyme activity; 2. Enhanced degradation of angiotensin II by peptidases; and/or 3. Unavailability of angiotensin II type 1 receptor due to internalization or reduced synthesis. These alterations can occur either independently or in combination, ultimately leading to an uncoupling between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system input and downstream angiotensin II type 1 receptor signaling. It remains unclear whether exogenous angiotensin II infusion can adequately address all these mechanisms, and additional interventions may be required. These observations open a new avenue of research and offer the potential for novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient prognosis. In the near future, a deeper understanding of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system alterations in septic shock should help to decipher patients' phenotypes and to implement targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Picod
- INSERM, UMR-S 942 MASCOT-Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Garcia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Experimental Laboratory of Intensive Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Lier
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Herpain
- Experimental Laboratory of Intensive Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- INSERM, UMR-S 942 MASCOT-Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesiology, Burns and Critical Care, Hopitaux Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Feriel Azibani
- INSERM, UMR-S 942 MASCOT-Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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2
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Wang L, Kuo HT, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Chen CC, Chapple D, Wilson R, Colpo N, François Bénard, Lin KS. Unnatural amino acid substitutions to improve in vivo stability and tumor uptake of 68Ga-labeled GRPR-targeted TacBOMB2 derivatives for cancer imaging with positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38305955 PMCID: PMC10837402 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpressed in various solid tumors, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a promising cancer imaging marker and therapeutic target. Although antagonists are preferable for the development of GRPR-targeted radiopharmaceuticals due to potentially fewer side effects, internalization of agonists may lead to longer tumor retention and better treatment efficacy. In this study, we systematically investigated unnatural amino acid substitutions to improve in vivo stability and tumor uptake of a previously reported GRPR-targeted agonist tracer, [68Ga]Ga-TacBOMB2 (68Ga-DOTA-Pip-D-Phe6-Gln7-Trp8-Ala9-Val10-Gly11-His12-Leu13-Thz14-NH2). RESULTS Unnatural amino acid substitutions were conducted for Gln7, Trp8, Ala9, Val10, Gly11 and His12, either alone or in combination. Out of 25 unnatural amino acid substitutions, tert-Leu10 (Tle10) and NMe-His12 substitutions were identified to be preferable modifications especially in combination. Compared with the previously reported [68Ga]Ga-TacBOMB2, the Tle10 and NMe-His12 derived [68Ga]Ga-LW01110 showed retained agonist characteristics and improved GRPR binding affinity (Ki = 7.62 vs 1.39 nM), in vivo stability (12.7 vs 89.0% intact tracer in mouse plasma at 15 min post-injection) and tumor uptake (5.95 vs 16.6 %ID/g at 1 h post-injection). CONCLUSIONS Unnatural amino acid substitution is an effective strategy to improve in vivo stability and tumor uptake of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals. With excellent tumor uptake and tumor-to-background contrast, [68Ga]Ga-LW01110 is promising for detecting GRPR-expressing cancer lesions with PET. Since agonists can lead to internalization upon binding to receptors and foreseeable long tumor retention, our optimized GRPR-targeted sequence, [Tle10,NMe-His12,Thz14]Bombesin(7-14), is a promising template for use for the design of GRPR-targeted radiotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Chao-Cheng Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Devon Chapple
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Ryan Wilson
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada.
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada.
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Zhang M, Jacobson O, Kiesewetter DO, Ma Y, Wang Z, Lang L, Tang L, Kang F, Deng H, Yang W, Niu G, Wang J, Chen X. Improving the Theranostic Potential of Exendin 4 by Reducing the Renal Radioactivity through Brush Border Membrane Enzyme-Mediated Degradation. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1745-1753. [PMID: 31181890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As highly expressed in insulinomas, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is believed to be an attractive target for diagnosis, localization, and treatment with radiolabeled exendin 4. However, the high and persistent radioactivity accumulation of exendin 4 in the kidneys limits accurate diagnosis and safe, as well as effective, radiotherapy in insulinomas. In this study, we intend to reduce the renal accumulation of radiolabeled exendin 4 through degradation mediated by brush border membrane enzymes. A new exendin 4 ligand NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4 containing Met-Val-Lys (MVK) linker between the peptide and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator was synthesized and labeled with 68Ga. The in vitro mouse serum stability and cell binding affinity of the tracer were evaluated. Initial in vitro cleavage of the linker was determined by incubation of a model compound Boc-MVK-Dde with brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) with and without the inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Further cleavage studies were performed with the full structure of NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4. Kidney and urine samples were collected in the in vivo metabolism study after intravenous injection of 68Ga-NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4. The microPET images were acquired in INS-1 tumor model at different time points; the radioactivity uptake of 68Ga-NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4 in tumor and kidneys were determined and compared with the control radiotracer without MVK linker. 68Ga-NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4 was stable in mouse serum. The MVK modification did not affect the affinity of NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4 toward GLP-1R. The in vitro cleavage study and in vivo metabolism study confirmed that the MVK sequence can be recognized by BBM enzymes and cleaved at the amide bond between Met and Val, thus releasing the small fragment containing Met. MicroPET images showed that the tumor uptake of 68Ga-NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4 was comparable to that of the control, while the kidney uptake was significantly reduced. As a result, more favorable tumor to kidney ratios were achieved. In this study, a novel exendin 4 analogue, NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4, was successfully synthesized and labeled with 68Ga. With the cleavable MVK sequence, this ligand could be cleaved by the enzymes on kidneys, and releasing the fragment of 68Ga-NOTA-Met-OH, which will rapidly excrete from urine. As the high and consistent renal radioactivity accumulation could be significantly reduced, NOTA-MVK-Cys40-Leu14-Exendin 4 shows great potential in the diagnosis and radiotherapy for insulinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi 710032 , China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Dale O Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Lixin Lang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Longguang Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi 710032 , China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Weijing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , Shannxi 710032 , China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine , National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
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Schönauer R, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - new perspectives of a potent peptide hormone. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:472-485. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Schönauer
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
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5
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Julián-Jiménez A, Candel-González FJ, González del Castillo J. Utilidad de los biomarcadores de inflamación e infección en los servicios de urgencias. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:177-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pierrakos C, Vincent JL. Sepsis biomarkers: a review. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2010; 14:R15. [PMID: 20144219 PMCID: PMC2875530 DOI: 10.1186/cc8872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biomarkers can be useful for identifying or ruling out sepsis, identifying patients who may benefit from specific therapies or assessing the response to therapy. METHODS We used an electronic search of the PubMed database using the key words "sepsis" and "biomarker" to identify clinical and experimental studies which evaluated a biomarker in sepsis. RESULTS The search retrieved 3370 references covering 178 different biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Many biomarkers have been evaluated for use in sepsis. Most of the biomarkers had been tested clinically, primarily as prognostic markers in sepsis; relatively few have been used for diagnosis. None has sufficient specificity or sensitivity to be routinely employed in clinical practice. PCT and CRP have been most widely used, but even these have limited ability to distinguish sepsis from other inflammatory conditions or to predict outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pierrakos
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Wei R, Wang Z, Bu D, Zhao J, Pang Y, Tang C. Urotensin II is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for aortic adventitia of rat. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2008; 151:88-94. [PMID: 18955090 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide; however, its significance in vascular adventitia has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, rat aortic adventitia showed mRNA expression and immunoreactivity of UII and its receptor (UT). Moreover, radioligand-binding assay showed that maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of [(125)I]-UII was higher in adventitia than in media (28.60+/-1.94 vs. 20.21+/-1.11 fmol/mg, P<0.01), with no difference in binding affinity (dissociation constant [Kd] 4.27+/-0.49 vs. 4.60+/-0.40 nM, P>0.05). Furthermore, in cultured adventitial fibroblasts, UII stimulated DNA synthesis, collagen synthesis and secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects were inhibited by the UII receptor antagonist urantide (10(-6) mol/l), Ca(2+) channel blocker nicardipine (10(-5) mol/l), protein kinase C inhibitor H7 (10(-6) mol/l), and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 (10(-6) mol/l) but not the phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin (10(-7) mol/l). UII may act as an autocrine/paracrine factor through its receptor and the Ca(2+) channel, protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways, in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling by activating vascular adventitia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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8
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Altered adrenomedullin levels of the rats exposed to constant darkness and light stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2008; 91:20-3. [PMID: 18316198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although a variety of physiological and psychological stressors stimulate a significant increase in adrenomedullin (ADM) levels, suggesting a regulatory or protective role for ADM in countering the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation following these stressors, it is still unknown whether light or darkness stress is involved in the endogenous ADM production systems. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of constant light or darkness for 60 days on ADM level in the plasma of adult male rats. ADM concentrations were assessed before and after the stressors in tail arterial blood by using HPLC. In the both groups, ADM levels greatly increased in the first week and than continued with lesser changes from the control levels. In conclusion, the study showed that keeping the rats in constant darkness and light vicinity for a long time altered ADM synthesis and secretion from the plasma or other tissues.
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Zhang YG, Li YG, Liu BG, Wei RH, Wang DM, Tan XR, Bu DF, Pang YZ, Tang CS. Urotensin II accelerates cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy of rats induced by isoproterenol. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:36-43. [PMID: 17184580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study whether urotensin II (UII), a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrogenesis of rats induced by isoproterenol (ISO). METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was the healthy control group, group 2 was the ISO group, and group 3 was the ISO+UII group. In groups 2 and 3, ISO (5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) was given (sc) once daily for 7 d. Group 3 was also given UII in the first day [3 nmol/kg (5 microg/kg), iv], followed by sc (1.5 microg/kg) twice daily. Group 1 received 0.9% saline. UII receptor (UT) mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. The contents of UII and angiotensin II (Ang II) were determined by radioimmunoassay. In vitro, the effects of UII on DNA/collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts were determined by [3H]thymidine/[3H]proline incorporation. RESULTS The ratio of heart weight/body weight, plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity, myocardial malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline concentration increased significantly in the ISO group, as well as UT mRNA expression, plasma and cardiac UII and ventricular Ang II, compared with the control group (P< 0.01). ISO induced significant myocardial fibrogenesis. Moreover, UII+ISO co-treatment significantly increased the changes of biochemical markers of injury and the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In vitro, 5 x 10(-9 )-5 x 10(-7 ) mol/L UII stimulated [3H]thymidine/[3H] proline incorporation into cardiac fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that UII was involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy by synergistic effects with ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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10
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Linscheid P, Seboek D, Zulewski H, Keller U, Müller B. Autocrine/paracrine role of inflammation-mediated calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin expression in human adipose tissue. Endocrinology 2005; 146:2699-708. [PMID: 15761041 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue is a contributor to inflammation- and sepsis-induced elevation of serum procalcitonin (ProCT). Several calcitonin (CT) peptides, including ProCT, CT gene-related peptide (CGRP), and adrenomedullin (ADM) are suspected mediators in human inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to explore the expression, interactions, and potential roles of adipocyte-derived CT peptide production. Expression of CT peptide-specific transcripts was analyzed by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR in human adipose tissue biopsies and three different inflammation-challenged human adipocyte models. ProCT, CGRP, and ADM secretions were assessed by immunological methods. Adipocyte transcriptional activity, glycerol release, and insulin-mediated glucose transport were studied after exogenous CGRP and ADM exposure. With the exception of amylin, CT peptides were expressed in adipose tissue biopsies from septic patients, inflammation-activated mature explanted adipocytes, and macrophage-activated preadipocyte-derived adipocytes. ProCT and CGRP productions were significantly augmented in IL-1beta and lipopolysaccharide-challenged mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes but not in undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. In contrast, ADM expression occurred before and after adipogenic differentiation. Interferon-gamma coadministration inhibited IL-1beta-mediated ProCT and CGRP secretion by 78 and 34%, respectively but augmented IL-1beta-mediated ADM secretion by 50%. Exogenous CGRP and ADM administration induced CT, CGRP I, and CGRP II mRNAs and dose-dependently (10(-10) and 10(-6) m) enhanced glycerol release. In contrast, no CGRP- and ADM-mediated effects were noted on ADM, TNFalpha, and IL-1beta mRNA abundances. In summary, CGRP and ADM are two differentially regulated novel adipose tissue secretion factors exerting autocrine/paracrine roles. Their lipolytic effect (glycerol release) suggests a metabolic role in adipocytes during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Linscheid
- Department of Research, University Hospitals, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Bunton DC, Petrie MC, Hillier C, Johnston F, McMurray JJV. The clinical relevance of adrenomedullin: a promising profile? Pharmacol Ther 2005; 103:179-201. [PMID: 15464589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide that possesses potentially beneficial properties. Since the initial discovery of the peptide by Kitamura et al. in 1993, the literature has been awash with reports describing its novel mechanisms of action and huge potential as a therapeutic target. Strong evidence now exists that AM is able to act as an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine mediator in a number of biologically significant functions, including the endothelial regulation of blood pressure, protection against organ damage in sepsis or hypoxia, and the control of blood volume through the regulation of thirst. Its early promise as a potential mediator/modulator of disease was not, however, entirely as a result of the discovery of physiological functions but due more to the observation of increasing levels measured in plasma in direct correlation with disease progression. In health, AM circulates at low picomolar concentrations in plasma in 2 forms, a mature 52-amino acid peptide and an immature 53-amino acid peptide. Plasma levels of AM have now been shown to be increased in a number of pathological states, including congestive heart failure, sepsis, essential hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, and renal impairment. These earliest associations have been further supplemented with evidence of a role for AM in other pathologies including, most intriguingly, cancer. In this review, we offer a timely review of our current knowledge on AM and give a detailed account of the putative role of AM in those clinical areas in which the best therapeutic opportunities might exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bunton
- Vascular Assessment Unit, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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12
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Jiang W, Cai DY, Pan CS, Qi YF, Jiang HF, Geng B, Tang CS. Changes in production and metabolism of brain natriuretic peptide in rats with myocardial necrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 507:153-62. [PMID: 15659305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2004] [Revised: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we employed rat model of acute myocardial necrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO) to study the possible roles of corin, the protease uniquely distributing in myocardium to convert pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) to BNP, and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), the major enzyme to degrade BNP, in changing the levels of BNP. In rats with isoproterenol alone, the myocardium necrosis occurred and the cardiac function was inhibited; the BNP contents in plasma and myocardium were upregulated, so did the myocardial corin mRNA level; the NEP activity in plasma and myocardium were downregulated. Omapatrilat (OMA) treatment relieved myocardial lesions and improved cardiac function. In the plasma and myocardium, omapatrilat treatment increased BNP contents, reduced NEP activity; in myocardium, mRNA level of proBNP and corin decreased, but NEP mRNA expression increased. Our study confirmed that omapatrilat treated myocardial necrosis effectively and suggested that increased BNP in rats with myocardial necrosis could depend on increased production and conversion as well as decreased degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, No. 8, Xi Shiku street, Beijing 100034, PR China
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