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Cheng X, Zhang L, Gao Z, Li K, Xu J, Liu W, Ru X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the immune response mechanisms of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus under noise stress from offshore wind turbine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167802. [PMID: 37838058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important form of renewable energy, offshore wind power can effectively reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and decrease carbon emissions. However, operation of wind turbines can generate underwater noise that may have negative impacts on marine benthic organisms in the surrounding area. Sea cucumbers are slow-moving invertebrates that inhabit the ocean, relying on their immune system to adapt to their environment. To evaluate the frequency range of characteristic noise produced by offshore wind turbines, we conducted a field survey. Additionally, we utilized sea cucumbers in simulated experiments to assess their response to the noise produced by offshore wind turbines. We established a control group, a low-frequency noise group simulating offshore wind turbine noise at 125 Hz and 250 Hz, and a high-frequency noise group at 2500 Hz, each lasting for 7 days. Results from measuring immune enzyme activity in the coelomic fluid suggest that noise can reduce the activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes, which may make sea cucumbers more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Exposure to low-frequency noise can have the effect of diminishing the activity of catalase, and this decrease in catalase activity could potentially increase the susceptibility of the sea cucumber's coelom to inflammation. In order to elucidate the hypothetical mechanism of immune response, intestinal tissue was extracted for transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that under 125 Hz low-frequency noise stress, the number of differentially expressed genes was the highest, reaching 1764. Under noise stress, sea cucumber's cell apoptosis and cell motility are reduced, interfering with lipid metabolism process and membrane synthesis. This research provides theoretical support for the environmental safety assessment of offshore wind power construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Cheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaoming Gao
- Binzhou Ocean Development Research Institute, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Kehan Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jialei Xu
- Zhongke Tonghe (Shandong) Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257200, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaoshang Ru
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Takayanagi Y, Yoshida M, Takashima A, Takanami K, Yoshida S, Nishimori K, Nishijima I, Sakamoto H, Yamagata T, Onaka T. Activation of Supraoptic Oxytocin Neurons by Secretin Facilitates Social Recognition. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:243-251. [PMID: 26803341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social recognition underlies social behavior in animals, and patients with psychiatric disorders associated with social deficits show abnormalities in social recognition. Oxytocin is implicated in social behavior and has received attention as an effective treatment for sociobehavioral deficits. Secretin receptor-deficient mice show deficits in social behavior. The relationship between oxytocin and secretin concerning social behavior remains to be determined. METHODS Expression of c-Fos in oxytocin neurons and release of oxytocin from their dendrites after secretin application were investigated. Social recognition was examined after intracerebroventricular or local injection of secretin, oxytocin, or an oxytocin receptor antagonist in rats, oxytocin receptor-deficient mice, and secretin receptor-deficient mice. Electron and light microscopic immunohistochemical analysis was also performed to determine whether oxytocin neurons extend their dendrites into the medial amygdala. RESULTS Supraoptic oxytocin neurons expressed the secretin receptor. Secretin activated supraoptic oxytocin neurons and facilitated oxytocin release from dendrites. Secretin increased acquisition of social recognition in an oxytocin receptor-dependent manner. Local application of secretin into the supraoptic nucleus facilitated social recognition, and this facilitation was blocked by an oxytocin receptor antagonist injected into, but not outside of, the medial amygdala. In the medial amygdala, dendrite-like thick oxytocin processes were found to extend from the supraoptic nucleus. Furthermore, oxytocin treatment restored deficits of social recognition in secretin receptor-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study demonstrate that secretin-induced dendritic oxytocin release from supraoptic neurons enhances social recognition. The newly defined secretin-oxytocin system may lead to a possible treatment for social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takayanagi
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi
| | - Masahide Yoshida
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi
| | - Akihide Takashima
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi
| | - Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama
| | - Shoma Yoshida
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ichiko Nishijima
- Department of Biobank Lifescience, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama
| | | | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi.
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Kouvatsos N, Niarchos A, Zisimopoulou P, Eliopoulos E, Poulas K, Tzartos S. Purification and functional characterization of a truncated human α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:320-6. [PMID: 25014634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are abundant in the brain and are essential in cognitive function, learning and memory. Previous efforts on α4β2 nAChR had been focused on functional and pharmacological characterization, where high expression yield is not essential. For structural studies though, large amounts of pure protein is important but heterologous overexpression of membrane proteins can be a burdensome task, especially if high amounts are required. In the current study, a truncated mutant of the human α4β2 nAChR was designed in order to improve expression and solubility and to obtain material suitable for high resolution structural studies. We showed that the wild type α4β2 nAChR presented low expression and solubilization yield both of which were improved with the truncated construct. The truncated nAChR showed similar binding profile to the wild type, was purified by a two-step chromatography and isolated in high purity and adequate quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kouvatsos
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vass. Sofias Avenue, GR11521 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Paraskevi Zisimopoulou
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vass. Sofias Avenue, GR11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Holy Street 75, GR11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Socrates Tzartos
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vass. Sofias Avenue, GR11521 Athens, Greece; Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26500 Patras, Greece.
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Sf9 cells: a versatile model system to investigate the pharmacological properties of G protein-coupled receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:387-418. [PMID: 20705094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Sf9 cell/baculovirus expression system is widely used for high-level protein expression, often with the purpose of purification. However, proteins may also be functionally expressed in the defined Sf9 cell environment. According to the literature, the pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) functionally reconstituted in Sf9 cells is similar to the receptor properties in mammalian cells. Sf9 cells express both recombinant GPCRs and G-proteins at much higher levels than mammalian cells. Sf9 cells can be grown in suspension culture, providing an inexpensive way of obtaining large protein amounts. Co-infection with various baculoviruses allows free combination of GPCRs with different G-proteins. The absence of constitutively active receptors in Sf9 cells provides an excellent signal-to background ratio in functional assays, allowing the detection of agonist-independent receptor activity and of small ligand-induced signals including partial agonistic and inverse agonistic effects. Insect cell Gα(i)-like proteins mostly do not couple productively to mammalian GPCRs. Thus, unlike in mammalian cells, Sf9 cells do not require pertussis toxin treatment to obtain a Gα(i)-free environment. Co-expression of GPCRs with Gα(i1), Gα(i2), Gα(i3) or Gα(o) in Sf9 cells allows the generation of a selectivity profile for these Gα(i/o)-isoforms. Additionally, GPCR-G-protein combinations can be compared with defined 1:1 stoichiometry by expressing GPCR-Gα fusion proteins. Sf9 cells can also be employed for ligand screening in medicinal chemistry programs, using radioligand binding assays or functional assays, like the steady-state GTPase- or [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. This review shows that Sf9 cells are a versatile model system to investigate the pharmacological properties of GPCRs.
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