Miranda RA, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Adverse perinatal conditions and the developmental origins of thyroid dysfunction-Lessons from Animal Models.
Endocrine 2023;
79:223-234. [PMID:
36036880 DOI:
10.1007/s12020-022-03177-7]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE
Nutritional, hormonal, and environmental status during development can predispose the individual to obesity and endocrine diseases later in life, an association known as metabolic programming. In general, weight loss or gain are seen in thyroid disorders, and thyroid function can be affected by body adiposity. In addition, hyper- and hypothyroidism can be related to metabolic programming. Our aim was to gather evidence that regardless of the type or critical window of metabolic imprinting, offspring exposed to certain adverse perinatal conditions have a higher risk of developing thyroid dysfunction.
METHODS
We reviewed literature data that relate insults occurring during pregnancy and/or lactation to short- and long-term offspring thyroid dysfunction in animal models.
RESULTS
Few studies have addressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and thyroid dysfunction related to metabolic programming. The literature shows that under- and overnutrition, exposure to endocrine disruptors, early weaning, maternal thyroid disease and maternal high-fat diet can induce alterations in offspring thyroid function in a sex-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION
Based on the few available data, mainly in rodent models, we can conclude that diet, hormones, and environmental contaminants are related to the developmental origins of later thyroid dysfunction by interrupting the normal maturation of the thyroid gland.
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