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Guillemot J, Guérin M, Cailleux AF, Lopez AG, Kuhn JM, Anouar Y, Yon L. Characterization of the EM66 Biomarker in the Pituitary and Plasma of Healthy Subjects With Different Gonadotroph Status and Patients With Gonadotroph Tumor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 30853937 PMCID: PMC6395403 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Granins and their derived-peptides are useful markers of secretion from normal and tumoral neuroendocrine cells. The need to identify new diagnostic markers for neuroendocrine tumors, including pituitary tumors prompted us to determine plasma levels of the secretogranin II-derived peptide EM66 in healthy volunteers with different gonadotroph status and to evaluate its usefulness as a circulating marker for the diagnosis of gonadotroph tumor. Using a radioimmunoassay, we determined plasma EM66 concentrations in healthy men and women volunteers in different physiological conditions in relation with the gonadotroph function. Our results revealed that in men, in women with or without contraception, in pregnant or post-menopausal women, plasma EM66 concentrations are not significantly different, and did not show any correlation with gonadotropin levels. In addition, stimulation or inhibition tests of the gonadotroph axis had no effect on EM66 levels, whatever the group of healthy volunteers investigated while gonadotropin levels showed the expected variations. Immunohistochemical experiments and HPLC analysis showed the occurrence of EM66 in pituitary gonadotroph, lactotroph and corticotroph tumors but not in somatotroph tumor. In patients with gonadotroph or lactotroph tumor, plasma EM66 levels were 1.48 (0.82-4.38) ng/ml and 2.49 (1.19-3.54) ng/ml, respectively. While median value of EM66 was significantly lower in patients with gonadotroph tumor compared to healthy volunteers [2.59 (0.62-4.95) ng/ml], plasma EM66 concentrations were in the same range as normal values and did not show any correlation with gonadotropin levels. These results show that plasma EM66 levels are independent of the activity of the gonadotroph axis in healthy volunteers and, while EM66 levels are reduced in gonadotroph tumors, plasma EM66 does not provide a helpful marker for the diagnosis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Guillemot
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Marlène Guérin
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Cailleux
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, INSERM CIC-CRB, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Kuhn
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, INSERM CIC-CRB, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Yon
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Yon
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Troger J, Theurl M, Kirchmair R, Pasqua T, Tota B, Angelone T, Cerra MC, Nowosielski Y, Mätzler R, Troger J, Gayen JR, Trudeau V, Corti A, Helle KB. Granin-derived peptides. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 154:37-61. [PMID: 28442394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The granin family comprises altogether 7 different proteins originating from the diffuse neuroendocrine system and elements of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The family is dominated by three uniquely acidic members, namely chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII). Since the late 1980s it has become evident that these proteins are proteolytically processed, intragranularly and/or extracellularly into a range of biologically active peptides; a number of them with regulatory properties of physiological and/or pathophysiological significance. The aim of this comprehensive overview is to provide an up-to-date insight into the distribution and properties of the well established granin-derived peptides and their putative roles in homeostatic regulations. Hence, focus is directed to peptides derived from the three main granins, e.g. to the chromogranin A derived vasostatins, betagranins, pancreastatin and catestatins, the chromogranin B-derived secretolytin and the secretogranin II-derived secretoneurin (SN). In addition, the distribution and properties of the chromogranin A-derived peptides prochromacin, chromofungin, WE14, parastatin, GE-25 and serpinins, the CgB-peptide PE-11 and the SgII-peptides EM66 and manserin will also be commented on. Finally, the opposing effects of the CgA-derived vasostatin-I and catestatin and the SgII-derived peptide SN on the integrity of the vasculature, myocardial contractility, angiogenesis in wound healing, inflammatory conditions and tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria C Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphaela Mätzler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jasmin Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Vance Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo Corti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen B Helle
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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Trebak F, Dubuc I, Arabo A, Alaoui A, Boukhzar L, Maucotel J, Picot M, Cherifi S, Duparc C, Leprince J, Prévost G, Anouar Y, Magoul R, Chartrel N. A potential role for the secretogranin II-derived peptide EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behaviour. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28166374 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
EM66 is a conserved 66-amino acid peptide derived from secretogranin II (SgII), a member of the granin protein family. EM66 is widely distributed in secretory granules of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, as well as in hypothalamic neurones. Although EM66 is abundant in the hypothalamus, its physiological function remains to be determined. The present study aimed to investigate a possible involvement of EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behaviour. We show that i.c.v. administration of EM66 induces a drastic dose-dependent inhibition of food intake in mice deprived of food for 18 hours, which is associated with an increase of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and melanocortin-3 receptor mRNA levels and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the POMC neurones of the arcuate nucleus. By contrast, i.c.v. injection of EM66 does not alter the hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), or that of its Y1 and Y5 receptors. A 3-month high-fat diet (HFD) leads to an important decrease of POMC and SgII mRNA levels in the hypothalamus, whereas NPY gene expression is not affected. Finally, we show that a 48 hours of fasting in HFD mice decreases the expression of POMC and SgII mRNA, which is not observed in mice fed a standard chow. Taken together, the present findings support the view that EM66 is a novel anorexigenic neuropeptide regulating hypothalamic feeding behaviour, at least in part, by activating the POMC neurones of the arcuate nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trebak
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences DM, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - I Dubuc
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - A Arabo
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - A Alaoui
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences DM, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - L Boukhzar
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - J Maucotel
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - M Picot
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - S Cherifi
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - C Duparc
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - J Leprince
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - G Prévost
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Y Anouar
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - R Magoul
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences DM, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - N Chartrel
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
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Trebak F, Alaoui A, Alexandre D, El Ouezzani S, Anouar Y, Chartrel N, Magoul R. Impact of aflatoxin B1 on hypothalamic neuropeptides regulating feeding behavior. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:165-73. [PMID: 26141519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in food is a major problem of public health as they produce immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic and neurotoxic effects. Mycotoxins also induce mutagenic and carcinogenic effects after long exposure. Among mycotoxins that contaminate food are aflatoxins (AF) such as AFB1, which is the most powerful natural carcinogen. The AF poisoning results in symptoms of depression, anorexia, diarrhea, jaundice or anemia that can lead to death, but very few studies have explored the impact of AF on neuroendocrine regulations. To better understand the neurotoxic effects of AF related to anorexia, we explored in rat the impact of AFB1 on the major hypothalamic neuropeptides regulating feeding behavior, either orexigenic (NPY, Orexin, AgRP, MCH) or anorexigenic (α-MSH, CART, TRH). We also studied the effect of AFB1 on a novel neuropeptide, the secretogranin II (SgII)-derived peptide EM66, which has recently been linked to the control of food intake. For this, adult male rats were orally treated twice a week for 5 weeks with a low dose (150 μg/kg) or a high dose (300 μg/kg) of AFB1 dissolved in corn oil. Repeated exposure to AFB1 resulted in reduced body weight gain, which was highly significant for the high dose of AF. Immunocytochemical and quantitative PCR experiments revealed a dose-related decrease in the expression of all the hypothalamic neuropeptides studied in response to AFB1. Such orexigenic and anorexigenic alterations may underlie appetite disorders as they are correlated to a dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain of treated rats as compared to controls. We also found a decrease in the number of EM66-containing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of AFB1-treated animals, which was associated with a lower expression of its precursor SgII. These findings show for the first time that repeated consumption of AFB1 disrupts the hypothalamic regulation of neuropeptides involved in feeding behavior, which may contribute to the lower body weight gain associated to AF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Trebak
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco; INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Abdelilah Alaoui
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco
| | - David Alexandre
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Seloua El Ouezzani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco
| | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France.
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Rabia Magoul
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology & Nutritional and climatic Environment, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences DM, Fez, Morocco
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