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Imai T, Shinohara K, Uchino K, Okuma H, Maki F, Hiruma K, Ariizumi Y, Yamano Y. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with anti-Yo antibodies and an associated submandibular gland tumor: a case report. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:165. [PMID: 35501715 PMCID: PMC9059384 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a debilitating syndrome, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) remains challenging to treat. Further, anti-Yo antibody (directed against human cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2) detection in patients with PCD is associated with unsatisfactory responses to existing therapies. Here, we present the case of a 60-year-old woman who developed PCD with anti-Yo antibodies and a submandibular gland tumor. Case presentation A 60-year-old woman presented with a 5-day history of unsteadiness of gait and inadequate coordination of her extremities, along with truncal instability. Although walking without aid was possible, dysmetria of all four limbs, trunk, and gait ataxia was observed. While routine biochemical and hematological examinations were normal, the patient’s blood was positive for anti-Yo antibodies. When the neurological symptoms deteriorated despite administration of intravenous methylprednisolone, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) images with contrast enhancement were performed, which showed a tumor in the left submaxillary gland. She underwent total left submandibular gland resection, including the tumor; histological and immunohistochemical results revealed a salivary duct carcinoma. She was administered intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by 10 plasma exchange sessions, intravenous immunoglobulins, and cyclophosphamide therapy. Following treatment, her symptoms were not alleviated, even after the reduction of anti-Yo titers. Conclusions Although tumor detection was delayed, early tumor detection, diagnosis, and PCD treatment are essential because any delay can result in the progression of the disorder and irreversible neurological damage. Therefore, we recommend that the possibility of a salivary gland tumor should be considered, and whole-body dual-modality CT, including the head and neck, and FDG-PET should be performed at the earliest for patients with well-characterized paraneoplastic antibodies when conventional imaging fails to identify a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Imai
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital: Kawasaki Shiritsu Tama Byoin, 1-30-37, Shukugawara Tama-ku Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Shinohara
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital: Kawasaki Shiritsu Tama Byoin, 1-30-37, Shukugawara Tama-ku Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchino
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital: Kawasaki Shiritsu Tama Byoin, 1-30-37, Shukugawara Tama-ku Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Okuma
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital: Kawasaki Shiritsu Tama Byoin, 1-30-37, Shukugawara Tama-ku Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Futaba Maki
- Department of Neurology, Shin Yurigaoka General Hospital: Shinyurigaoka Sogo Byoin, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hiruma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital: Kawasaki Shiritsu Tama Byoin, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ariizumi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, St Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama Seibu Hospital: Sei Marianna Ika Daigaku Yokohama-shi Seibu Byoin, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St Marianna University School of Medicine: Sei Marianna Ika Daigaku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Additional Value of [18F]FDG PET/CT in Detection of Suspected Malignancy in Patients with Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes Having Negative Results of Conventional Radiological Imaging. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061537. [PMID: 35329862 PMCID: PMC8949922 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) affecting the CNS (central nervous system) are rare, presenting in less than 1% of all those with cancer. The pathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes is not fully understood, but it is presumed to result from an immune attack on the underlying malignancy. The presence of different types of onconeural antibodies may occur in different tumors and can lead to different clinical manifestations, making the early detection of cancers challenging. Aim: An evaluation of [18F]FDG PET/CT in neoplastic tumor detection in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes having negative or unremarkable results of conventional radiological imaging. Methods: Among all patients diagnosed with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes in the Neurology Department in 2016–2020, 15 patients with unremarkable conventional radiological findings who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT were included in the study. Results: [18F]FDG PET/CT enabled localization of suspected malignancy in 53% (8 of 15) of PNS cases with previous unremarkable conventional radiological findings. Conclusion: [18F]FDG PET/CT may be considered as a useful tool for neoplastic tumor detection in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, accelerating the diagnostic process and enabling faster initiation of appropriate treatment.
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Lou Y, Xu SH, Zhang SR, Shu QF, Liu XL. Anti-Yo antibody-positive paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in a patient with possible cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4423-4432. [PMID: 34141810 PMCID: PMC8173421 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i17.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), which is rare in clinical practice, is closely related to autoimmunity. Cases positive for anti-Yo antibodies (anti-Purkinje cytoplasmic antibody 1) are the main subtype of PCD. PCD is subacute cerebellar degeneration, and while it progresses over weeks to months, its resultant deficits last much longer. Cancer patients with anti-Yo antibody-positive PCD are very rare. Most of them are breast cancer or ovarian cancer patients but also occasionally lung cancer patients.
CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman presented with sudden vertigo, nausea, and vomiting for approximately 10 d. The patient's neurological examination showed torsion with downbeat nystagmus and ataxia of the right limb and trunk. Laboratory examination found that the patient's cerebrospinal fluid and serum were anti-Yo antibody-positive, positron emission tomography computed tomography showed an increased metabolic rate in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and the pathology of lymph node punctures in the retroperitoneum and neck suggested adenocarcinoma of the pancreaticobiliary duct, which strengthens the hypothesis of paraneoplastic origin. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) 0.4 g/kg/d for 5 d and methylprednisolone 160 mg for 3 d were initiated, which was reduced to 80 mg for 3 d and then to 40 mg for 7 d. After treatment with IVIg and a steroid, the patient's vertigo and ataxia alleviated.
CONCLUSION The patient's vertigo and ataxia alleviated after treatment, suggesting that early immunotherapeutic intervention may have certain value in stopping neurological loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shan-Hu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Ran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qin-Fen Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Stem signatures associated antibodies yield early diagnosis and precise prognosis predication of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:223-233. [PMID: 32691153 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to detect patients with early NSCLC with tentatively using the stem signatures associated autoantibodies (AAbs), and to evaluate its latent values in the early diagnosis and precise prognosis prediction. METHODS The serum concentrations of selective antibodies were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a total of 458 cases were enrolled (training set = 401; validation set = 57). TCGA databases were used to analyze the distinct expressions and prognostic values of related genes. The optimal cut-off values were 11.60 U/ml for P53, 4.90 U/ml for MAGEA1, 3.85 U/ml for SOX2, and 7.05U/ml for PGP9.5. RESULTS We found that the stem signatures associated antibodies of MAGEA1, PGP9.5, SOX2, and TP53 exhibited high expressions in NSCLC, negatively correlating with the overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). In the test groups, the diagnosis sensitivity of P53, PGP9.5, SOX2, and MAGEA1 reached to 21.5%, 39.0%, 50.3%, and 35.0%, respectively, and the specificity reached to 98.7%, 99.4%, 92.2%, and 97.4%. The four candidates' panel gave a sensitivity of 71.8% with a specificity of 89%. In the validation group, the detection of the four antibodies in early diagnosis of NSCLC also exhibited high specificity and sensitivity, further consolidating their potential application. CONCLUSIONS The detection regarding stem signatures associated antibodies could be used as effective tools in early NSCLC diagnosis, but not for localized screening of cancers, and their abnormal expression was in accordance with poorer survival.
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Abdulaziz ATA, Yu XQ, Zhang L, Jiang XY, Zhou D, Li JM. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with cerebellar hypermetabolism: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10717. [PMID: 29901574 PMCID: PMC6024112 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is an immune-mediated neurological deficit affecting the cerebellum. Anti-Yo antibody positive PCD is a rare occurrence most likely associated with gynecologic or breast malignancies. The identification of the underlying tumor is a diagnostic challenge in many of these patients. PATIENT CONCERNS We present a 68-year-old woman with acute symptoms of PCD as a first sign of underlying occult malignancy. Further investigation revealed a positive anti-Yo antibody. Although brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was unremarkable, positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed intense hypermetabolism of cerebellum and diffused hypometabolism in the rest of brain. On 1-year follow-up, despite the primary malignancy is still unknown, her symptoms improved significantly after immunotherapy. DIAGNOSES Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. INTERVENTIONS The patient was given IV methylprednisolone 500 mg once a day for 5 consecutive days, followed by oral prednisone 60 mg once a day for 3 months. OUTCOMES The patient's symptoms were gradually improved during the hospitalization period. On one year follow up, she was able to walk independently and perform some simple tasks. LESSONS Cerebellar hypermetabolism in PCD suspected patients may help confirming the diagnosis in an earlier stage and may predict a better outcome after immunotherapy.
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Kristensen SB, Hess S, Petersen H, Høilund-Carlsen PF. Reply to: "Comments on Kristensen et al.: Clinical value of FDG-PET/CT in suspected paraneoplastic syndromes: a retrospective analysis of 137 patients": By Betül Vatankulu, Sabire Yilmaz Aksoy, Sait Sager, Metin Halaç. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:582. [PMID: 26669307 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stine Bjørn Kristensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Hess
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Petersen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
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Vatankulu B, Yilmaz Aksoy S, Sager S, Halaç M. Comments on Kristensen et al.: Clinical value of FDG-PET/CT in suspected paraneoplastic syndromes: a retrospective analysis of 137 patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:580-1. [PMID: 26666237 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betül Vatankulu
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sabire Yilmaz Aksoy
- Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yildirim Bayezit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sait Sager
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Halaç
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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