Radiation dose produced by patients during radiopharmaceutical incorporation in nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures

The Nuclear Medicine Patient as a Line Source: The Source Length Is Certainly Not the Patient Height, But It Is a Reasonable Approximation

ABSTRACT

Nuclear medicine patients are a source of exposure and should receive instructions to restrict contact time with different categories of people. The calculation of the restriction time requires that the dose rate at a given distance, known from an initial measurement and a whole-body retention function, can be extrapolated at other distances. As a basis for this extrapolation, it has been suggested to consider the patient as a line source. However, the validity of this suggestion is based on a few studies and limited measurement distances. We collected from the literature dose rates of nuclear medicine patients measured at different distances and investigated the robustness of the line source model. The cases of 18 F-FDG exams, 99m Tc bone scan exams, and 131 I for hyperthyroidism treatment and remnants ablation were considered. The data were pooled, different cases of measurement time after administration were considered, and the data were fitted according to the line source model in which the half patient thickness was introduced. It was found that the line source model fits well the data put with a source length that is radionuclide-specific and significantly different from the standard adult height. However, considering a standard source length of 176 cm and neglecting the patient thickness induced at maximum an overestimation by a factor of 2.5 when extrapolating from 1 m to 10 cm. Such an overestimation is not of considerable importance in the calculation of contact restriction times.