1
|
Medina-Rincón GJ, Gallo-Bernal S, Jiménez PA, Cruz-Saavedra L, Ramírez JD, Rodríguez MJ, Medina-Mur R, Díaz-Nassif G, Valderrama-Achury MD, Medina HM. Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Chronic Manifestations in Chagas Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111493. [PMID: 34832648 PMCID: PMC8619182 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic manifestations of Chagas disease present as disabling and life-threatening conditions affecting mainly the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Although meaningful research has outlined the different molecular mechanisms underlying Trypanosoma cruzi’s infection and the host-parasite interactions that follow, prompt diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge, particularly in developing countries and also in those where the disease is considered non-endemic. This review intends to present an up-to-date review of the parasite’s life cycle, genetic diversity, virulence factors, and infective mechanisms, as well as the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of the main chronic complications of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germán J. Medina-Rincón
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-310-817-2369
| | - Sebastián Gallo-Bernal
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paula A. Jiménez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - María Juliana Rodríguez
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Ramón Medina-Mur
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Gustavo Díaz-Nassif
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | | | - Héctor M. Medina
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Czech MM, Nayak AK, Subramanian K, Suarez JF, Ferguson J, Jacobson KB, Montgomery SP, Chang M, Bae GH, Raghavan SS, Wang H, Miranti E, Budvytiene I, Shoor SM, Banaei N, Rieger K, Deresinski S, Holubar M, Blackburn BG. Reactivation of Chagas Disease in a Patient With an Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofaa642. [PMID: 33575423 PMCID: PMC7863873 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of Chagas disease has been described in immunosuppressed patients, but there is a paucity of literature describing reactivation in patients on immunosuppressive therapies for the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We describe a case of Chagas disease reactivation in a woman taking azathioprine and prednisone for limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc). Reactivation manifested as indurated and erythematous cutaneous nodules. Sequencing of a skin biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of Chagas disease. She was treated with benznidazole with clinical improvement in the cutaneous lesions. However, her clinical course was complicated and included disseminated CMV disease and subsequent septic shock due to bacteremia. Our case and review of the literature highlight that screening for Chagas disease should be strongly considered for patients who will undergo immunosuppression for treatment of autoimmune disease if epidemiologically indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Czech
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ashwin K Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kavitha Subramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jose F Suarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica Ferguson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Karen Blake Jacobson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Susan P Montgomery
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Gordon H Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Shyam S Raghavan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hannah Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eugenia Miranti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Indre Budvytiene
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stanford Mervyn Shoor
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kerri Rieger
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stan Deresinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Marisa Holubar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brian G Blackburn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chagas cardiomyopathy and heart failure: From epidemiology to treatment. Rev Port Cardiol 2020; 39:279-289. [PMID: 32532535 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is among the neglected tropical diseases recognized by the World Health Organization that have received insufficient attention from governments and health agencies. Chagas disease is endemic in 21 Latin America regions. Due to globalization and increased migration, it has crossed borders and reached other regions including North America and Europe. The clinical presentation of the disease is highly variable, from general symptoms to severe cardiac involvement that can culminate in heart failure. Chagas heart disease is multifactorial, and can include dilated cardiomyopathy, thromboembolic phenomena, and arrhythmias that may lead to sudden death. Diagnosis is by methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of cardiac involvement should be investigated with complementary exams including ECG, chest radiography and electrophysiological study. There have been insufficient studies on which to base specific treatment for heart failure due to Chagas disease. Treatment should therefore be derived from guidelines for heart failure that are not specific for this disease. Heart transplantation is a viable option with satisfactory success rates that has improved survival.
Collapse
|
5
|
Benvenuti LA, Roggério A, Nishiya AS, Mangini S, Levi JE. Sequential measurement of
Trypanosoma cruzi
parasitic load in endomyocardial biopsies for early detection and follow‐up of Chagas disease reactivation after heart transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 22:e13209. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Alberto Benvenuti
- Heart Institute (InCor) Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alessandra Roggério
- Heart Institute (InCor) Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Anna Shoko Nishiya
- Fundação Pró‐Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandrigo Mangini
- Heart Institute (InCor) Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roscoe A, Tomey MI, Torregrossa G, Galhardo C, Parhar K, Zochios V. Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Perioperative Review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:2780-2788. [PMID: 29803311 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Roscoe
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I Tomey
- Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Critical Care Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gianluca Torregrossa
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Saint Luke, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Galhardo
- Department of Anesthesia, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ken Parhar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Vasileios Zochios
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Perioperative Critical Care and Trauma Trials Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Centre of Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|