1
|
Álvarez C, Cadore EL, Gaya AR, Mello JB, Reuter CP, Delgado-Floody P, Ramos Sepúlveda JA, Carrillo HA, Devia DG, Burgos AV, Vásquez-Gómez J, Ramírez-Vélez R, Alonso-Martínez AM, Izquierdo M. A descriptive ranking of blood pressure and physical fitness of Latin-American ethnic schoolchildren. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:136-158. [PMID: 34781793 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.2002827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a general lack of information about how insufficient physical activity impacts blood pressure and physical fitness in Latin-American ethnic minorities. AIMS To describe the interactions between insufficient physical activity, blood pressure, and physical fitness outcomes in Latin-American schoolchildren of different ethnicity. METHODS This was a prospective, international, multi-center, and cross-sectional study of three Latin-American countries involving schoolchildren from seven ethnic groups of Colombia (Tikuna, Nasa, Embera), Brazil (African, Mulato), and Chile (Mapuche), and also European schoolchildren from Brazil and Chile. Data were categorized based on whether participants were physically active (PA) or insufficient physical activity (iPA) using the WHO physical activity recommendations. The main outcomes were systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressure, and scores for physical and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, by estimated V˙O2max), handgrip muscle strength (HGS), and standing long jump (SLJ). Secondary outcomes were anthropometric measures (weight, height, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], waist-to-height ratio), and body fat percentage (BF%, limited data by country). Primary and secondary outcomes were ranked. RESULTS For both PA and iPA categories, significant interactions between ethnic groups were found concerning SBP/DBP (F(37.7), ES 0.08; F(51.5), ES 0.08), V˙O2max (F(37.7), ES 0.08; F(51.5), ES 0.08), HGS (F(33.8), ES 0.07; F(5.03), ES 0.04), and SLJ (F(64.3), ES 0.14; F(64.3), 0.14). In the iPA category, Mapuche schoolchildren were classified 1st (119.5; 81.5) with highest SBP/DBP and highest MAP (94.6 mmHg); Embera schoolchildren were classified 1st with lowest V˙O2max (33.7 mL/kg/min); and European schoolchildren were classified 1st (19.9 kg) with lowest HGS and SLJ (121.4 m) physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS Under conditions of insufficient physical activity conditions, Mapuche schoolchildren had the most detrimental blood pressure, whereas Embera, Tikuna, and European schoolchildren had the lowest levels of physical fitness. These results serve to highlight the need for the early and appropriate promotion of physical activity based on ethnic differences in Latin-American schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Álvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group API4, Departmento de Salud, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Projeto Esporte Brazil (PROESP-Br). School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlio Brugnara Mello
- Projeto Esporte Brazil (PROESP-Br). School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Department of Health Sciences and Post-graduation Program in Health Promotion. Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jeison A Ramos Sepúlveda
- Programa de Licenciatura en Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia
- Centro de Innovación e Investigación La Aldea, Fundación Educativa La Aldea, Jamundí, Colombia
| | - Hugo Alejandro Carrillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud (GIAFS), Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Alex Véliz Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Jaime Vásquez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudios en Educación, Actividad 18 Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Almahmoud OH, Arabiat DH, Saleh MY. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Prevalence of hypertension among adolescents in the Arab countries. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 65:e72-e79. [PMID: 35305878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Hypertension (HTN) is one of the non-communicable diseases which prevalence is rising in both developed and developing countries. There is a scarcity of data on the prevalence of HTN in Arab countries. This review outlines what is currently known about prevalence and risk factors of HTN in adolescence in Arab world. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases from 2011 to 2021. SAMPLE Fourteen studies from 9 Arab countries met inclusion criteria. Studies included a total of 777 adolescents with HTN and 2147 adolescents with pre-HTN. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HTN among adolescents in the Arab World was estimated at 12.6% (95CI 0.083-0.176), while pre-HTN was 13.9% (95CI 0.084-0205). Overweight and obesity resemble the higher risk of developing hypertension. Family history, high consumption of salt, smoking and low physical activity also increase the risk of HTN. The development of adolescent HTN can be predicted through anthropometric measurements such as Body Mass Index (BMI), wrist circumferences, and high waist circumference. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HTN among adolescents in the Arab world was significant, ranging from 4 to 26%. The heterogeneity between studies was high. IMPLICATION Local governments and policymakers must consider strengthening regulations to address environmental risk factors and improve public awareness about risk factors to HTN. A combined use of nurse- and patient targeted educational interventions could also help in reducing the burden of HTN in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Almahmoud
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Palestine.
| | - Diana H Arabiat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; The Centre for Evidence Informed Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare Practice, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Maternal and Child Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Álvarez C, Cadore E, Gaya AR, Mello JB, Reuter CP, Delgado-Floody P, Ramos-Sepúlveda JA, Carrillo HA, Devia DG, Ramírez-Vélez R. Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity parameters with blood pressure: fitness and fatness in youth Latin-American ethnic minority. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1058-1074. [PMID: 33222500 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2020.1840525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: In spite of wide international evidence about cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity in association with cardiovascular disease, there is poor evidence about this relationship in schoolchildren of ethnic minorities.Aim: To examine the relationship between CRF and body composition on blood pressure (BP) in a sample of ethnic minority schoolchildren from three Latin-American countries.Material and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study of total n = 3866, mean age 12.5 (2.7) y [girls n = 1997, mean age 12.8 (2.8) y; boys n = 1869, mean age 12.2 (2.7) y] schoolchildren from three Latin-American countries (Colombia, Brazil, Chile). Main outcomes were CRF, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (%BF), and BP (systolic SB, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP).Results: In both sex, and after adjusting for covariates (age and ethnicity group), negative CRF by V˙O2peak levels were associated with a higher body fatness parameters (BMI, WC, WHtR and %BF p<0.001), and blood pressure measures (systolic BP, diastolic BP, and MAP; p<0.001). A lower CRF (by V˙O2peak) was associated with a higher BP in girls (systolic SB -0.15; -5.10 (0.30), diastolic BP -0.14; -4.43 (0.23), and MAP -0.15; -4.93 (0.26) at p<0.001), and boys (systolic SB -0.02; -0.85 (0.32), DB -0.07; -2.23 (0.23), and MAP-0.06; -1.89 (0.25 at p<0.001). There was a significant association between a 'high-CRF + low-%BF' with a lower systolic SB diff = - 9.6 [0.7], diastolic BP diff= - 11.0 [0.6]; and MAP level diff = - 10.6 [0.6] all p<0.001). There was a significant association between a 'high-CRF + low-BMI' with a lower systolic diff = - 10.3 [1.1], diastolic diff = - 11.2 [1.1], and MAP diff = - 10.9 [1.0] all p<0.001.Conclusion: A lower CRF is associated with a higher body fatness parameters, and higher BP levels in Latin-American ethnic schoolchildren.Abbreviators: %BF: Percentage of Body fat; BIA: Bioelectric impedance analysis; BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; LDL-cholesterol: SD: Standard deviation; WC: Waist circumference; WHtR: Waist-height to ratio; V˙O2max: Maximal oxygen consumption; V˙O2peak: Peak of oxygen consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Álvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group API4, Laboratory of Human Performance, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Eduardo Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Projeto Esporte Brazil (PROESP-Br), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlio Brugnara Mello
- Projeto Esporte Brazil (PROESP-Br), School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
| | | | - Hugo Alejandro Carrillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud (GIAFS), Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, España
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Welser L, Lima RA, Silveira JF, Andersen LB, Pfeiffer KA, Renner JDP, Reuter CP. Cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents from southern Brazil: comparison to international reference values. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1237-1246. [PMID: 34237809 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare cardiometabolic risk factors of Brazilian children and adolescents with international reference values. Cardiometabolic risk factors constitute the Metabolic Syndrome, whose evaluation is important to assess pediatric populations' health and potential to experience metabolic disorders. METHODS Cross-sectional study that included 2,250 randomly selected children and adolescents (55.6% girls), aged 6 to 17. Cardiometabolic parameters (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], systolic and diastolic blood pressures [SBP and DBP], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], TC:HDL-C ratio, triglycerides [TG], glucose and peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]), and clustered risk scores were compared to international age- and sex-specific reference values. A clustered risk score was calculated by summing the WC, glucose, SBP, TG, and the TC:HDL-C ratio Z-scores divided by five. A second clustered was calculated including VO2peak (inverted) Z-score, but divided by six. RESULTS The clustered risk score, considering the all ages sample, was better in the Brazilian boys (-0.20 [-0.41;0.01] and -0.18 [-0.37;0.01], including or not VO2peak, respectively) but not significantly, and worse in girls (0.24 [0.05;0.43] and 0.28 [0.11;0.44], including or not VO2peak, respectively) than the international reference. Additionally, Brazilian youth had a statistically better profile in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC:HDL-C ratio, and VO2peak (only girls) as well as a worse profile in BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, TG (only girls), and VO2peak (only boys). CONCLUSIONS The clustered cardiometabolic risk score (including or not VO2peak), considering the all ages sample, was better in the Brazilian boys, but not significantly, and worse in girls compared to the international reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Welser
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Francisco Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | | | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.,Health Sciences Department, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|