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Ye Y, Takeuchi A, Kawaguchi Y, Matsuba S, Zhang N, Mijiti M, Banno A, Hiramatsu N, Okada T, Nagaoka S. Eugeniin improves cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells and Caco-2 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:97-106. [PMID: 37952102 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the absence of prior studies on the cholesterol metabolism-improving effects of eugeniin, the present investigation aimed to explore the potential impact of eugeniin on cholesterol metabolism. This study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in this process using HepG2 and Caco-2 cells treated with 5 µm eugeniin. The intracellular cholesterol levels in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells were significantly decreased in the 24-h eugeniin-treated group. The protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were increased, while 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase protein and mRNA levels were decreased in HepG2 cells 6 h of the eugeniin-treated group. Additionally, LDLR protein and mRNA levels were increased in HepG2 cells after 24 h of eugeniin treatment. In Caco-2, the protein and mRNA levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 were increased after 24 h eugeniin treatment. This novel finding indicates that eugeniin improves cholesterol metabolism in human cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ye
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shoya Matsuba
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Maihemuti Mijiti
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoto Hiramatsu
- Department of Research and development, Toyohakko Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Okada
- Department of Research and development, Toyohakko Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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2
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Ye Y, Kawaguchi Y, Takeuchi A, Zhang N, Mori R, Mijiti M, Banno A, Okada T, Hiramatsu N, Nagaoka S. Rose polyphenols exert antiobesity effect in high-fat-induced obese mice by regulating lipogenic gene expression. Nutr Res 2023; 119:76-89. [PMID: 37757642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity presents a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent reports indicate that many kinds of polyphenols have the potential to prevent metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that rose polyphenols (ROSE) have the effect of improvement in lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether rose polyphenols affected lipid metabolism and exerted antiobesity. To clarify the mechanism, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.25% ROSE for 35 days. Compared with the control group, body weight gain and adipose tissue weight in the 0.25% ROSE group were significantly decreased. Serum cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride concentrations significantly decreased, whereas fecal triglyceride was significantly increased in the 0.25% ROSE group. Liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (Acat1) mRNA as well as protein stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 concentrations were significantly lower in the 0.25% ROSE group than that in the control group. The mRNA and the protein concentrations of adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and peroxisomal acylcoenzyme A oxidase 1 in white adipose tissue were significantly higher in the 0.25% ROSE group than that in the control group. The components in rose polyphenols were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and we consider that ellagic acid plays an important role in an antiobesity effect because the ellagic acid content is the highest among polyphenols in rose polyphenols. In summary, rose polyphenols exhibit antiobesity effects by influencing lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins to promote lipolysis and suppress lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ye
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ni Zhang
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Maihemuti Mijiti
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Signore IA, Palma K, Soto G, Sepúlveda S, Suazo J, Aránguiz M, Colombo A. Inhibition of the
3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA
reductase diminishes the survival and size of chondrocytes during orofacial morphogenesis in zebrafish, and ensures normal cell size and survival. Orthod Craniofac Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iskra A. Signore
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Karina Palma
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Gabriela Soto
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Santiago Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - José Suazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Millisent Aránguiz
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
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Li L, Zhang F, Meng X, Cui X, Ma Q, Wei Y, Liang M, Xu H. Fish Oil Replacement with Poultry Oil in the Diet of Tiger Puffer ( Takifugu rubripes): Effects on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Lipid Metabolism. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:2337933. [PMID: 36860447 PMCID: PMC9973196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2337933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Booming fish farming results in relative shortage of fish oil (FO), making it urgent to explore alternative lipid sources. This study comprehensively investigated the efficacy of FO replacement with poultry oil (PO) in diets of tiger puffer (average initial body weight, 12.28 g). An 8-week feeding trial was conducted with experimental diets, in which graded levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, named FO-C, 25PO, 50PO, 75PO, and 100PO, respectively) of FO were replaced with PO. The feeding trial was conducted in a flow-through seawater system. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks. The results showed that FO replacement with PO did not significantly affect the growth performance of tiger puffer. FO replacement with PO at 50-100% even slightly increased the growth. PO feeding also had marginal effects on fish body composition, except that it increased the liver moisture content. Dietary PO tended to decrease the serum cholesterol and malondialdehyde content but increase the bile acid content. Increasing levels of dietary PO linearly upregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of the cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, whereas high levels of dietary PO significantly upregulated the expression of the critical regulatory enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase. In conclusion, poultry oil is a good substitution for fish oil in the diets of tiger puffer. Poultry oil could replace 100% added fish oil in the diet of tiger puffer, without adverse effects on growth and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xishuai Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuliang Wei
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Drzewiecka EM, Kozlowska W, Zmijewska A, Franczak A. Nutritional restriction during the peri-conceptional period alters the myometrial transcriptome during the peri-implantation period. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21187. [PMID: 34707153 PMCID: PMC8551329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study hypothesized that female peri-conceptional undernutrition evokes transcriptomic alterations in the pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. Myometrium was collected on days 15-16 of pregnancy from pigs fed a normal- (n = 4) or restricted-diet (n = 4) from conception until day 9th of pregnancy, and the transcriptomic profiles of the tissue were compared using Porcine (V2) Expression Microarrays 4 × 44 K. In restricted diet-fed pigs, 1021 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with fold change ≥ 1.5, P ≤ 0.05 were revealed, and 708 of them were up-regulated. Based on the count score, the top within GOs was GO cellular components "extracellular exosome", and the top KEGG pathway was the metabolic pathway. Ten selected DEGs, i.e. hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 8, cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin F receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1, progesterone receptor membrane component 2, annexin A2, homeobox A10, S-phase cyclin A-associated protein in the ER, SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were conducted through qPCR to validate microarray data. In conclusion, dietary restriction during the peri-conceptional period causes alterations in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved i.a. in the endocrine activity of the myometrium, embryo-maternal interactions, and mechanisms regulating cell cycle and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Monika Drzewiecka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Kozlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Zmijewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anita Franczak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
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de Barros JWF, Villela E Silva P, da Silva GV, da Silva KP, Borges CDS, Mueller A, Valencise L, Pupo AS, Kempinas WDG. Rosuvastatin exposure in female Wistar rats alters uterine contractility and do not show evident (anti)estrogenic effects. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2233-2245. [PMID: 33934680 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1919139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor drugs that lead to serum-cholesterol-lowering effects. Rosuvastatin, a third-generation statin, has shown better results in reducing cholesterol concentrations when compared to other widely prescribed statins. Recent studies by our group reported that rosuvastatin impairs reproductive function in rats possibly by disrupting the reproductive-endocrine axis. In this study, we evaluated whether rosuvastatin presents estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects, by an in vivo uterotrophic assay in rats, and investigated the direct effect of this drug upon rat uterine tissue contractility both in non-gravid and gravid periods. Rosuvastatin exposure in vivo at doses of 0 (control), 3, and 10 mg/kg/d was not associated with estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects on uterine tissue. However, in vivo (doses of 0, 3, and 10 mg/kg/d) and ex vivo (concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) exposures to this drug were related to alterations in uterine basal contraction pattern. Furthermore, in vivo and ex vivo rosuvastatin exposures potentially modulate the action of uterine contraction inducers carbachol, norepinephrine, and prostaglandin E2. Thus, rosuvastatin can affect uterine physiology not necessarily by an endocrine mechanism related to the estrogen signaling, but possibly by its pleiotropic effects, with indirect tissue and cellular interactions, since in vivo and ex vivo exposures of uterine fragments to rosuvastatin presented different responses in uterine contractile parameters, which require further studies upon the precise mechanism of action of this drug in female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Willian Franco de Barros
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Villela E Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Venâncio da Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Katiussia Pinho da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Cibele Dos Santos Borges
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André Mueller
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lethícia Valencise
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André Sampaio Pupo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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7
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Barros JWF, Tonon KS, Borges CS, Silva PV, Lozano AFQ, Pacheco TL, Anselmo-Franci JA, Kempinas WG. Short- and long-term effects on reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats after exposure to rosuvastatin starting in pre-puberty. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:149-160. [PMID: 34345844 PMCID: PMC8320644 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosuvastatin is a lipid-lowering drug that inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis. The exposure of female rats from pre-puberty to adulthood leads to alterations in estrous cycle, sexual behavior, serum prolactin levels, and weights of liver, pituitary and placenta. No alterations were found in pubertal timing, uterine and ovarian morphology, serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and progesterone, and reproductive performance. The alterations seem to be due disruption of hormonal signaling and to the pleiotropic effects of statins.
Statins are a class of drugs that act lowering lipid levels by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. Additionally, statins can act by “pleiotropic effects”, related to the inhibition of synthesis of the other mevalonate pathway products. Rosuvastatin is a third-generation statin and has shown better results in reducing cholesterol concentrations when compared to other statins. Recent studies suggest that rosuvastatin may act as an endocrine disruptor that potentially damages the hormonal axis and, consequently reproductive development and function of male rats. However, the effects of rosuvastatin exposure on rat female reproductive parameters remain unknown. In this study female rats were exposed to rosuvastatin at the doses of 0 (control), 3, or 10 mg/Kg.bw−1/day from pre-puberty to adulthood. No alterations in the female reproductive parameters were observed at a dose of 3 mg/Kg.bw−1. However, females exposed to 10 mg/Kg.bw−1 exhibited shorter estrous cycles, altered copulatory behavior, decreased serum prolactin level, and alterations in the liver, pituitary and placental weights, parameters to some extent influenced by the reproductive hormonal axis signaling pathway. On the other hand, pubertal onset, reproductive hormone levels, fertility, and histological parameters of the ovary, uterus, and placenta were unaltered by exposure to both doses of this statin. Thus, rosuvastatin exposure, at the higher dose, altered the reproductive function of female rats, probably due to the pleiotropic effects of this statin. Additional studies on the effects of this statin on female reproductive function and development are encouraged to better characterize its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge W F Barros
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karolina S Tonon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele S Borges
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia V Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana F Q Lozano
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tainá L Pacheco
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma G Kempinas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Chen JW, Niu X, King MJ, Noedl MT, Tabin CJ, Galloway JL. The mevalonate pathway is a crucial regulator of tendon cell specification. Development 2020; 147:dev.185389. [PMID: 32467241 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are crucial components of the musculoskeletal system, yet the pathways specifying these fates remain poorly defined. Through a screen of known bioactive chemicals in zebrafish, we identified a new pathway regulating tendon cell induction. We established that statin, through inhibition of the mevalonate pathway, causes an expansion of the tendon progenitor population. Co-expression and live imaging studies indicate that the expansion does not involve an increase in cell proliferation, but rather results from re-specification of cells from the neural crest-derived sox9a+/sox10+ skeletal lineage. The effect on tendon cell expansion is specific to the geranylgeranylation branch of the mevalonate pathway and is mediated by inhibition of Rac activity. This work establishes a novel role for the mevalonate pathway and Rac activity in regulating specification of the tendon lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Chen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xubo Niu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthew J King
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marie-Therese Noedl
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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9
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ROCK and RHO Playlist for Preimplantation Development: Streaming to HIPPO Pathway and Apicobasal Polarity in the First Cell Differentiation. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020; 229:47-68. [PMID: 29177764 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In placental mammalian development, the first cell differentiation produces two distinct lineages that emerge according to their position within the embryo: the trophectoderm (TE, placenta precursor) differentiates in the surface, while the inner cell mass (ICM, fetal body precursor) forms inside. Here, we discuss how such position-dependent lineage specifications are regulated by the RHOA subfamily of small GTPases and RHO-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK). Recent studies in mouse show that activities of RHO/ROCK are required to promote TE differentiation and to concomitantly suppress ICM formation. RHO/ROCK operate through the HIPPO signaling pathway, whose cell position-specific modulation is central to establishing unique gene expression profiles that confer cell fate. In particular, activities of RHO/ROCK are essential in outside cells to promote nuclear localization of transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ, the downstream effectors of HIPPO signaling. Nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ depends on the formation of apicobasal polarity in outside cells, which requires activities of RHO/ROCK. We propose models of how RHO/ROCK regulate lineage specification and lay out challenges for future investigations to deepen our understanding of the roles of RHO/ROCK in preimplantation development. Finally, as RHO/ROCK may be inhibited by certain pharmacological agents, we discuss their potential impact on human preimplantation development in relation to fertility preservation in women.
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10
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Hartmann P, Chu H, Duan Y, Schnabl B. Gut microbiota in liver disease: too much is harmful, nothing at all is not helpful either. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G563-G573. [PMID: 30767680 PMCID: PMC6580239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00370.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome plays a major role in the pathogenesis of liver disease, with a hallmark event being dysbiosis, or an imbalance of pathobionts and beneficial bacteria with the associated deleterious effects on their host. Reducing the number of intestinal bacteria with antibiotic treatment is generally advantageous in experimental liver diseases. Complete absence of intestinal microbiota as in germ-free rodents can be protective in autoimmune hepatitis and hepatic tumors induced by chemicals, or it can exacerbate disease as in acute toxic liver injury and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. In alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune cholangiopathies, germ-free status can be associated with worsened or improved hepatic phenotype depending on the experimental model and type of rodent. Some of the unexpected outcomes can be explained by the limitations of rodents raised in a germ-free environment including a deficient immune system and an altered metabolism of lipids, cholesterol, xenobiotics/toxins, and bile acids. Given these limitations and to advance understanding of the interactions between host and intestinal microbiota, simplified model systems such as humanized gnotobiotic mice, or gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with a single bacterial strain or colonized with a defined set of microbes, are unique and useful models for investigation of liver disease in a complex ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Farlora R, Valdebenito-Aguayo F, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Gallardo-Escárate C. Hydrogen peroxide treatment modulates the transcription of sex-related genes in the sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:921-926. [PMID: 28984365 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Farlora
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática y Genómica Reproductiva/Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - F Valdebenito-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - V Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - C Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
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Zhou ZY, Huang B, Li S, Huang XH, Tang JY, Kwan YW, Hoi PM, Lee SMY. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate promotes endothelial integrity via regulating VE-cadherin dynamics and RhoA/ROCK-mediated cellular contractility and prevents atorvastatin-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 350:32-42. [PMID: 29730311 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Impaired vascular integrity leads to serious cerebral vascular diseases such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In addition, high-dose statin therapy is suggested to cause increased ICH risk due to unclear effects of general inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) on the vascular system. Here we evaluated the protective effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), which has high efficacy and safety in clinical studies of ischemic stroke, by using atorvastatin (Ator) induced ICH zebrafish embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). By using double transgenic Tg(fli1a:EGFP)y1 & Tg(gata1a:dsRed)sd2 zebrafish, we demonstrated that STS effectively reduced the occurrence and area of hemorrhage induced by Ator in zebrafish and restored impairment in motor function. We further demonstrated that Ator-induced disruption in VE-cadherin (VEC)-containing cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs) in HUVECs by enhancing Src-induced VEC internalization and RhoA/ROCK-mediated cellular contraction. STS inhibited Ator-induced Src activation and subsequent VEC internalization and actin depolymerization near cell borders, reducing lesions between neighboring cells and increasing barrier functions. STS also inhibited the Ator-induced RhoA/ROCK-mediated cellular contraction by regulating downstream LIMK/cofilin and MYPT1/MLC phosphatase signaling. These results showed that STS significantly promoted the stability of cell junctions and vascular integrity. Moreover, we observed that regulations of both Src and RhoA/ROCK are required for the maintenance of vascular integrity, and Src inhibitor (PP2) or ROCK inhibitors (fasudil and H1152) alone could not reduce the occurrence Ator-induced ICH. Taken together, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of Ator-induced endothelial instability, and provided scientific evidences of STS as potential ICH therapeutics by promoting vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jing-Yi Tang
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Liang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Yeung SC, Zhen Z, Ip MSM, Tse HF, Lian Q, Mak JCW. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Cigarette Smoke-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:501. [PMID: 28804458 PMCID: PMC5532447 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong relationship between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been well-documented, but the mechanisms by which smoking increases CVD risk appear to be multifactorial and incompletely understood. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as an important candidate for cell-based therapy in CVD. We hypothesized that MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC-MSCs) or bone marrow (BM-MSCs) might alleviate cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cardiac injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BM-MSCs or iPSC-MSCs on CS-induced changes in serum and cardiac lipid profiles, oxidative stress and inflammation as well as cardiac function in a rat model of passive smoking. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected for exposure to either sham air (SA) as control or 4% CS for 1 h per day for 56 days. On day 29 and 43, human adult BM-MSCs, iPSC-MSCs or PBS were administered intravenously to CS-exposed rats. Results from echocardiography, serum and cardiac lipid profiles, cardiac antioxidant capacity, cardiac pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cardiac morphological changes were evaluated at the end of treatment. iPSC-MSC-treated group showed a greater effect in the improvement of CS-induced cardiac dysfunction over BM-MSCs-treated group as shown by increased percentage left ventricular ejection fraction and percentage fractional shortening, in line with the greater reversal of cardiac lipid abnormality. In addition, iPSC-MSCs administration attenuated CS-induced elevation of cardiac pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as restoration of anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidative markers, leading to ameliorate cardiac morphological abnormalities. These data suggest that iPSC-MSCs on one hand may restore CS-induced cardiac lipid abnormality and on the other hand may attenuate cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation via inhibition of CS-induced NF-κB activation, leading to improvement of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Thus, iPSC-MSCs may be a promising candidate in cell-based therapy to prevent cardiac complications in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Chun Yeung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhe Zhen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Alarcon VB, Marikawa Y. Statins inhibit blastocyst formation by preventing geranylgeranylation. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:350-63. [PMID: 26908642 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase of the mevalonate pathway and prescription drugs that treat hypercholesterolemia, compromise preimplantation mouse development via modulation of HIPPO signaling. STUDY FINDING HMG-CoA reductase activity is required for trophectoderm specification, namely blastocyst cavity formation and Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization, through the production of isoprenoid geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and the action of geranylgeranyl transferase. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have shown that treatment of mouse embryos with mevastatin prevents blastocyst formation, but how HMG-CoA reductase is involved in preimplantation development is unknown. HIPPO signaling regulates specification of the trophectoderm lineage of the mouse blastocyst by controlling the nuclear localization of YAP. In human cell lines, the mevalonate pathway regulates YAP to mediate self-renewal and survival through geranylgeranylation of RHO proteins. These studies suggest that in preimplantation development, statins may act through HIPPO pathway to interfere with trophectoderm specification and thereby inhibit blastocyst formation. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Eight-cell stage (E2.5) mouse embryos were treated in hanging drop culture with chemical agents, namely statins (lovastatin, atorvastatin, cerivastatin and pravastatin), mevalonic acid (MVA), cholesterol, squalene, farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor GGTI-298, RHO inhibitor I, and squalene synthase inhibitor YM-53601, up to the late blastocyst stage (E4.5). Efficiency of blastocyst formation was assessed based on gross morphology and the measurement of the cavity size using an image analysis software. Effects on cell lineages and HIPPO signaling were analyzed using immunohistochemistry with confocal microscopy based on the expression patterns of the lineage-specific markers and the nuclear accumulation of YAP. Effects on cell lineages were also examined by quantitative RT-PCR based on the transcript levels of the lineage-specific marker genes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and two-sample t-test. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All four statins examined inhibited blastocyst formation. The adverse impact of statins was rescued by supplementation of MVA (P < 0.01) or GGPP (P < 0.01) but not squalene nor cholesterol. Blastocyst formation was also prevented by GGTI-298 (P < 0.01). These results indicate that HMG-CoA reductase activity is required for blastocyst formation mainly through the production of GGPP but not cholesterol. Inhibition of RHO proteins, known targets of geranylgeranylation, impaired blastocyst formation, which was not reversed by GGPP supplementation. Nuclear localization of YAP was diminished by statin treatment but fully restored by supplementation of MVA (P < 0.01) or GGPP (P < 0.01). This suggests that HIPPO signaling is regulated by GGPP-dependent mechanisms, possibly geranylgeranylation of RHO, to enable trophectoderm formation. YM-53601 prevented blastocyst formation (P < 0.01), but its adverse impact was not rescued by supplementation of squalene or cholesterol, suggesting that squalene synthesis inhibition was not the cause of blastocyst defects. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Analyses were conducted on embryos cultured ex vivo, but they enable the determination of specific concentrations that impair embryo development which can be compared with drug concentrations in the reproductive tract when testing in vivo impact of statins through animal experimentations. Also, analyses were conducted in only one species, the mouse. Epidemiological studies on the effects of various types of statins on the fertility of women are necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study reveals how the mevalonate pathway is required for blastocyst formation and intersects with HIPPO pathway to provide a mechanistic basis for the embryotoxic effect of statins. This bears relevance for women who are taking statins while trying to conceive, since statins have potential to prevent the conceptus from reaching the blastocyst stage and to cause early conceptus demise. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the George F. Straub Trust of the Hawaii Community Foundation (13ADVC-60315 to V.B.A.) and the National Institutes of Health, USA (P20GM103457 to V.B.A.). The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernadeth B Alarcon
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Yusuke Marikawa
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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