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Niepsuj J, Piwowar A, Franik G, Bizoń A. Impact of Smoking and Obesity on the Selected Peptide Hormones and Metabolic Parameters in the Blood of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8713. [PMID: 39201400 PMCID: PMC11354256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and abnormal body weight on selected peptide hormones and their association with metabolic and hormonal disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study group included 88 women with PCOS and 28 women without the disease. In women with PCOS, chemerin, lipocalin, and apelin concentrations were influenced by overweight and obesity status, with the highest concentrations observed in those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.0. Exposure to tobacco smoke significantly increased only lipocalin-2 concentration. The disease itself did not affect the concentrations of chemerin, lipocalin, and apelin. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between chemerin concentration and fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and triglycerides levels, while a negative correlation was observed with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentration. In the smoking subgroup, chemerin concentration was positively correlated with free testosterone concentration and the free androgen index and negatively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin concentration. Our findings indicate that abnormal body weight has a stronger impact than tobacco smoke exposure on metabolic and hormonal disorders in women with PCOS, highlighting the important role of weight control in such individuals. However, smoking appears to be an additional factor that intensifies hormonal disorders associated with adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Niepsuj
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Franik
- Department of Endocrinological Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.N.); (A.P.)
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Wu S, Chen N, Tong X, Xu X, Chen Q, Wang F. Selenium attenuates the cadmium-induced placenta glucocorticoid barrier damage by up-regulating the expression of specificity protein 1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23056. [PMID: 35384129 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant and pregnant women are especially susceptible to the effects of exposure to Cd. Our previous study found Cd can be accumulated in the placenta and causes fetal growth restriction (FGR) through damage the placental glucocorticoid barrier. Selenium (Se), as an essential micronutrient, can allivate Cd-induced toxicity. In this study, we aim to explore the protective mechanism of Se against Cd-induced the placental glucocorticoid barrier damage and FGR. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to CdCl2 (1 mg/kg/day) and Na2 SeO3 (0.1-0.2-0.3 mg/kg/day) by gavage from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD 19. The results showed that reduced fetal weight, increased corticosterone concentrations in the maternal and fetal serum, and impaired placental labyrinth layer blood vessel development, appeared in pregnant rats after Cd exposure and improved after treated with Se. In cell experiments, we confirmed that Se reduces Cd-induced apoptosis. Moreover, Se can abolish Cd-induced 11β-HSD2 and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) decreasing in vivo and vitro. In human JEG-3 cells, the knockdown of Sp1 expression by small interfering RNA can suppressed the protective effect of Se on Cd-induced 11β-HSD2 decreasing. In general, our results demonstrated that Se is resistant to Cd-induced FGR through upregulating the placenta barrier via activation of the transcription factor Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Tong
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qihui Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ho H, Guo H, Means S, Tang J, Hunter P. Maternal Smoking Induced Cardiovascular Risks in Fetuses: How Can in silico Models Help? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:97. [PMID: 32140462 PMCID: PMC7042462 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Ho
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shawn Means
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jing Tang
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Peter Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Di Martino DD, Ferrazzi E, Garbin M, Fusè F, Izzo T, Duvekot J, Farina A. Multivariable evaluation of maternal hemodynamic profile in pregnancy complicated by fetal growth restriction: prospective study. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 54:732-739. [PMID: 30207002 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and maternal hemodynamic parameters using multivariable analysis, adjusting for major confounding factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2013 and April 2016. Two cohorts of patients were recruited, between 24 and 39 weeks of gestation, in a high-risk outpatient setting. These cohorts comprised 49 appropriate-for-gestational-age singleton fetuses and 93 that were FGR (abdominal circumference (AC) at recruitment in the second half of pregnancy ≤ 10th percentile with a previous normal AC at 20-22 weeks). Maternal echocardiography was performed at the time of enrolment and included hemodynamic parameters of systolic and diastolic function and cardiac remodeling indices. Data were analyzed using a multivariable generalized linear model to estimate the association of FGR with maternal hemodynamic parameters after adjusting for significant confounding factors. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, after adjustment for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and smoking, FGR was associated with a 14% increase in maternal total vascular resistance, 16% reduction in cardiac output, 13% reduction in left ventricular mass and 11% reduction in heart rate; similar results were observed for the corresponding indexed parameters. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the absence of FGR were associated with a 25% increase in total vascular resistance, 16% increase in left ventricular mass and 14% reduction in diastolic function; similar results were observed for the corresponding indexed parameters. CONCLUSION FGR is significantly and independently associated with several maternal hemodynamic parameters, even after adjustment for major confounding factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Di Martino
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Ferrazzi
- Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Garbin
- Unit of Cardiology, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - F Fusè
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - T Izzo
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - J Duvekot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Farina
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC) Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bizoń A, Milnerowicz H. The effect of passive and active exposure to tobacco smoke on lipid profile parameters and the activity of certain membrane enzymes in the blood of women in the first trimester of pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 53:74-80. [PMID: 28505474 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tobacco smoke on lipid peroxidation, the lipid profile and membrane-bound enzymatic activity in the first trimester of pregnancy was investigated. In the plasma of women with active exposure to tobacco smoke, we have found increased lipid peroxidation and higher total concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins in the blood, as well as a decreased concentration of high-density lipoproteins. A higher concentration of low-density lipoproteins and a lower concentration of high-density lipoproteins were also found in the plasma of passive smokers. In contrast, women who smoked before pregnancy had only a higher low-density lipoprotein concentration. In the group of active and passive smoking women, lower arylesterase and phosphotriesterase activities of paraoxonase were observed, while the lactonase activity of paraoxonase decreased only in the group of active smoking women. In women with active exposure to tobacco smoke, a higher activity level of alanine aminopeptidase and γ-glutamyltransferase in the plasma was found. It is important to monitor the lipid profile during pregnancy, especially when exposure to tobacco smoke occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Wrześniak M, Królik M, Kepinska M, Milnerowicz H. The influence of maternal smoking on transferrin sialylation and fetal biometric parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 47:100-107. [PMID: 27664951 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transferrin is a glycosylated protein responsible for transporting iron, an essential metal responsible for proper fetal development. Tobacco is a heavily used xenobiotic having a negative impact on the human body and pregnancy outcomes. Aims of this study was to examine the influence of tobacco smoking on transferrin sialic acid residues and their connection with fetal biometric parameters in women with iron-deficiency. METHODS The study involved 173 samples from pregnant women, smokers and non-smokers, iron deficient and not. Transferrin sialylation was determined by capillary electrophoresis. The cadmium (Cd) level was measured by atomic absorption and the sialic acid concentration by the resorcinol method. RESULTS Women with iron deficiencies who smoked gave birth earlier than non-smoking, non-iron-deficient women. The Cd level, but not the cotinine level, was positively correlated with transferrin sialylation in the blood of iron-deficient women who smoked; 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-sialoTf correlated negatively with fetal biometric parameters in the same group. CONCLUSION It has been shown the relationship between Cd from tobacco smoking and fetal biometric parameters observed only in the iron deficient group suggests an additive effect of these two factors, and indicate that mothers with anemia may be more susceptible to Cd toxicity and disturbed fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wrześniak
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Królik
- Early Pregnancy Pathology Clinic, Centre of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Reymonta 8, 45-066 Opole, Poland
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Wrześniak M, Kepinska M, Królik M, Milnerowicz H. The Influence of Tobacco Smoke on Protein and Metal Levels in the Serum of Women during Pregnancy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161342. [PMID: 27548057 PMCID: PMC4993357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking by pregnant women has a negative effect on fetal development and increases pregnancy risk by changing the oxidative balance and microelements level. Smoking affects the concentration, structure and function of proteins, potentially leading to various negative effects on pregnancy outcomes. Methodology/Principal Findings The influence of tobacco smoke on key protein fractions in smoking and non-smoking healthy pregnant women was determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Concentrations of the proteins α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein, α2-macroglobulin and transferrin were determined by ELISA tests. Total protein concentration was measured by the Biuret method. Smoking status was established by cotinine levels. Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the Zn/Cd ratio was calculated based on these numbers. Smoking women had a 3.7 times higher level of Cd than non-smoking women. Zn levels decreased during pregnancy for all women. The Zn/Cd ratio was three times lower in smoking women. The differences between the changes in the protein profile for smoking and non-smoking women were noted. Regarding proteins, α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin levels were lower in the non-smoking group than in the smoking group and correlated with Cd levels (r = -0.968, p = 0.032 for non-smokers; r = −0.835, p = 0.019 for smokers). Zn/Cd ratios correlated negatively with α1-, α2- and β-globulins. Conclusions/Significance Exposure to tobacco smoke increases the concentration of Cd in the blood of pregnant women and may lead to an elevated risk of pregnancy disorders. During pregnancy alter concentrations of some proteins. The correlation of Cd with proteins suggests that it is one of the causes of protein aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wrześniak
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MW); (HM)
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Królik
- Early Pregnancy Pathology Clinic, Centre of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Opole, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MW); (HM)
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Lanari M, Vandini S, Adorni F, Prinelli F, Di Santo S, Silvestri M, Musicco M. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure increases hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in infants. Respir Res 2015; 16:152. [PMID: 26695759 PMCID: PMC4699376 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is a worldwide health problem and it is considered a risk factor for pregnant women’s and children’s health, particularly for respiratory morbidity during the first year of life. Few significant birth cohort studies on the effect of prenatal TSE via passive and active maternal smoking on the development of severe bronchiolitis in early childhood have been carried out worldwide. Methods From November 2009 to December 2012, newborns born at ≥33 weeks of gestational age (wGA) were recruited in a longitudinal multi-center cohort study in Italy to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal TSE, among other risk factors, on bronchiolitis hospitalization and/or death during the first year of life. Results Two thousand two hundred ten newborns enrolled at birth were followed-up during their first year of life. Of these, 120 (5.4 %) were hospitalized for bronchiolitis. No enrolled infants died during the study period. Prenatal passive TSE and maternal active smoking of more than 15 cigarettes/daily are associated to a significant increase of the risk of offspring children hospitalization for bronchiolitis, with an adjHR of 3.5 (CI 1.5–8.1) and of 1.7 (CI 1.1–2.6) respectively. Conclusions These results confirm the detrimental effects of passive TSE and active heavy smoke during pregnancy for infants’ respiratory health, since the exposure significantly increases the risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in the first year of life. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0312-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Lanari
- Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Imola Hospital, Via Montericco, 4, Imola, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vandini
- Neonatology Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Adorni
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI, Italy.
| | - Federica Prinelli
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI, Italy.
| | - Simona Di Santo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Foundation IRCCS Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Silvestri
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Musicco
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Foundation IRCCS Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome, Italy.
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