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Hou L, Fu Y, Zhao C, Fan L, Hu H, Yin S. The research progress on the impact of antibiotics on the male reproductive system. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108670. [PMID: 38669720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are extensively utilized in the livestock and poultry industry and can accumulate in animals and the environment, leading to potential health risks for humans via food and water consumption. Research on antibiotic toxicity, particularly their impact as endocrine disruptors on the male reproductive system, is still in its nascent stages. This review highlights the toxic effect of antibiotics on the male reproductive system, detailing the common routes of exposure and the detrimental impact and mechanisms of various antibiotic classes. Additionally, it discusses the protective role of food-derived active substances against the reproductive toxicity induced by antibiotics. This review aims to raise awareness about the reproductive toxicity of antibiotics in males and to outline the challenges that must be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yunamingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Virtuoso S, Raggi C, Maugliani A, Baldi F, Gentili D, Narciso L. Toxicological Effects of Naturally Occurring Endocrine Disruptors on Various Human Health Targets: A Rapid Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:256. [PMID: 38668479 PMCID: PMC11054122 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds are chemicals that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of living organisms. They can be natural (N-EDCs) or synthetic compounds (S-EDCs). N-EDCs can belong to different groups, such as phytoestrogens (PEs), including flavonoids, or mycotoxins originating from plants or fungi, and cyanotoxins, derived from bacteria. Humans encounter these substances in their daily lives. The aim of this rapid review (RR) is to provide a fine mapping of N-EDCs and their toxicological effects on human health in terms of various medical conditions or adverse consequences. This work is based on an extensive literature search and follows a rigorous step-by-step approach (search strategy, analysis strategy and data extraction), to select eligible papers published between 2019 and 2023 in the PubMed database, and to define a set of aspects characterizing N-EDCs and the different human target systems. Of the N-EDCs identified in this RR, flavonoids are the most representative class. Male and female reproductive systems were the targets most affected by N-EDCs, followed by the endocrine, nervous, bone and cardiovascular systems. In addition, the perinatal, pubertal and pregnancy periods were found to be particularly susceptible to natural endocrine disruptors. Considering their current daily use, more toxicological research on N-EDCs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Virtuoso
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Raggi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Maugliani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Baldi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Donatella Gentili
- Scientific Knowledge Unit (Library), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Narciso
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.)
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Grandjean P, Shih YH, Jørgensen LH, Nielsen F, Weihe P, Budtz-Jørgensen E. Estimated exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances during infancy and serum-adipokine concentrations in later childhood. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1832-1837. [PMID: 37316707 PMCID: PMC10624607 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are transferred through human milk and may cause elevated exposure during infancy. Given the lack of early postnatal blood samples, PFAS concentrations can be estimated to serve as predictors of subsequent metabolic toxicity. METHODS A total of 298 children from a prospective birth cohort were followed up through to age 9 years. Serum-PFAS was measured at birth and 18 months of age, while exposures during infancy were estimated by structural equations. Adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and the leptin receptor were measured in serum at age 9. Adjusted regression coefficients for estimated serum-PFAS concentrations were calculated, with additional consideration of the duration of breastfeeding and potential effect modification by sex. RESULTS A doubling in estimated serum-PFAS concentrations, particularly at ages 6 and 12 months, was associated with a loss of about 10-15% in age 9 resistin concentrations, while other associations were much weaker. Sex dependence of the associations was not observed, and neither did the duration of breastfeeding affect outcomes at age 9. CONCLUSION Lowered serum-resistin concentrations at age 9 years were most strongly associated with early postnatal PFAS exposures. These findings suggest that infancy may represent a vulnerable time window for some aspects of metabolic programming that may be affected by PFAS exposure. IMPACT Serum-PFAS concentrations during infancy can be estimated in the absence of blood samples. Adipokine concentrations were measured at age 9 years as metabolic biomarkers. Resistin was significantly lower in children with elevated PFAS exposures in infancy. The findings suggest that early postnatal PFAS exposures may affect subsequent metabolic health. Assessment of infancy vulnerability to PFAS can be explored using estimated serum-PFAS concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shih
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Louise Helskov Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Esben Budtz-Jørgensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pipoyan D, Beglaryan M, Chirkova V, Mantovani A. Exposure Assessment of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Fish and Honey Produced in Armenia: A Pilot Investigation. Foods 2023; 12:3459. [PMID: 37761168 PMCID: PMC10529666 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Armenia, the presence of nitrofuran residues in food products is unacceptable for both domestic sales and export. However, food may contain nitrofuran metabolites (NMs) due to the illegal use of these drugs in the agrofarming practice. This study aimed to identify NMs as the marker residues for nitrofurans in fish and honey produced in Armenia and assess the potential health risks associated with consuming these foods. The commodities studied were natural honey and three species of farmed fish produced by various regions nationwide. Concentrations of the marker metabolites (3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), and semicarbazide (SEM)) were determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and verified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Consumer groups were identified based on their average daily intake of foods. Health risk was assessed by calculating the margin of exposure (MOE). Reference values for health risk assessment were obtained from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Results showed that 33.3% of fish samples and 44.4% of honey samples contained NMs, the mean concentrations ranging from 0.05 μg/kg to 0.52 μg/kg. All MOE values obtained were over 10,000, indicating that the detected concentrations of NMs in fish and honey produced in Armenia pose no health risk to consumers. However, these results highlight the illicit use of highly toxic substances and the need for improved control of farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Pipoyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, NAS RA, Abovyan Street 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Meline Beglaryan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, NAS RA, Abovyan Street 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Victoria Chirkova
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, NAS RA, Abovyan Street 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Italian National Food Safety Committee, Lungotevere Ripa 1, 00153 Rome, Italy;
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Liu B, Li L, Xie Q, Li Y, Wang Q. Neurobehavioral effects of cinnabar and the cinnabar-containing pediatric prescription, Yi-Nian-Jin, in juvenile rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 76:127112. [PMID: 36481603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnabar, a mercury-containing mineral medicine, has long been widely used in pediatric prescriptions. The safety of cinnabar-containing prescriptions, particularly for children, is drawing increasing attention worldwide. However, whether cinnabar and these pediatric prescriptions have adverse effects on neurobehavior is unknown. Yi-Nian-Jin (YNJ), a classic pediatric prescription, contains 5.66% (w/w) cinnabar, along with other four herbs. YNJ is widely prescribed to promote digestion, eliminate phlegm, and prevent constipation in children (aged 0-6 years). In this study, we used YNJ as an example of cinnabar-containing pediatric prescriptions to determine mercury absorption, distribution, and accumulation and further investigate its potential neurotoxicity in juvenile rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Low (67.9 mg/kg), middle (169.8 mg/kg), and high dose (339.6 mg/kg) of cinnabar, and low (1.2 g/kg), middle (3.0 g/kg), and high dose (6.0 g/kg) of YNJ were used in this study, corresponding to 3, 7.5, and 15 times the clinically equivalent dose, respectively. Juvenile rats were orally administered different doses of cinnabar or YNJ for 14 consecutive days. The mercury content in rat blood and tissues (brain, liver, and kidney) and serum biochemical changes on day 14 of consecutive administration and on day 14 after cessation were measured. Moreover, a series of behavioral assays (open field, elevated plus-maze, and Morris water maze assays) were performed after 14 consecutive days of administration. RESULTS The mercury absorption, distribution, and accumulation of cinnabar and YNJ in juvenile rats were substantially different. Mercury in cinnabar was absorbed to a greater extent than that in YNJ, and the mercury content in cinnabar high-dose group (cinnabar-H) was approximately seven times higher than that in YNJ high-dose group (YNJ-H) on day 14 of administration. In contrast, compared with that of cinnabar, the mercury content in YNJ accumulated more in the tissues, especially in the brain and kidney. Repeated administration of cinnabar or YNJ did not affect liver function, renal function, learning, and memory in juvenile rats. However, repeated administration of YNJ at a high dose (6.0 g/kg) affected locomotor activity in juvenile rats. Repeated administration of cinnabar (339.6 mg/kg) or YNJ (>1.2 g/kg) induced anxiety-related behavior in juvenile rats. CONCLUSIONS Mercury in YNJ exhibited lower absorption but higher accumulation in tissues than those of the mercury in cinnabar. Consecutive oral administration of cinnabar or YNJ had no impact on liver function, renal function, learning, and memory, but could cause motor dysfunction and anxiety in juvenile rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Risk Assessment of Transgender People: Development of Rodent Models Mimicking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies and Identification of Sex-Dimorphic Liver Genes as Novel Biomarkers of Sex Transition. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030474. [PMID: 36766819 PMCID: PMC9913858 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgender (TG) describes individuals whose gender identity differs from the social norms. TG people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy (HT) may be considered a sub-group of the population susceptible to environmental contaminants for their targets and modes of action. The aim of this study is to set appropriate HT doses and identify specific biomarkers to implement TG animal models. Four adult rats/group/sex were subcutaneously exposed to three doses of HT (plus control) selected starting from available data. The demasculinizing-feminizing models (dMF) were β-estradiol plus cyproterone acetate, at 0.09 + 0.33, 0.09 + 0.93 and 0.18 + 0.33 mg, respectively, five times/week. The defeminizing-masculinizing models (dFM) were testosterone (T) at 0.45, 0.95 and 2.05 mg, two times/week. Clitoral gain and sperm count, histopathological analysis of reproductive organs and liver, hormone serum levels and gene expression of sex-dimorphic CYP450 were evaluated. In the dMF model, the selected doses-leading to T serum levels at the range of the corresponding cisgender-induced strong general toxicity and cannot be used in long-term studies. In the dFM model, 0.45 mg of T represents the correct dose. In addition, the endpoints selected are considered suitable and reliable to implement the animal model. The sex-specific CYP expression is a suitable biomarker to set proper (de)masculinizing/(de)feminizing HT and to implement TG animal models.
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Hou L, Fu Y, Zhao C, Fan L, Hu H, Yin S. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin can cause reproductive toxicity via endocrine signaling pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114049. [PMID: 36063617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) are veterinary antibiotics commonly utilized to treat and prevent animal diseases. Environmental and dietary antibiotic residues can directly and indirectly affect the reproductive development of animals and humans. This article investigated the reproductive toxicity of CIP in male zebrafish, showing that it could decrease the spermatogonial weight and damage the spermatogonial tissue. The sex hormone assays showed that CIP decreased fshb and lhb gene expression and plasma testosterone (T). In addition, transcriptome analysis indicated that the effect of CIP on zebrafish might be related to the endocrine signaling pathways. ENR, which was selected for further study, inhibited mouse Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cell proliferation and caused cell cycle arrest. The sperm concentration, serum luteotropic hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and T levels decreased in adolescent mice after ENR treatment for 30d in vivo. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that ENR exposure potentially induced testicular injury, while the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) results indicated that ENR inhibited the mRNA expression of key genes in the Leydig cells (cyp11a1, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD), Sertoli cells (Inhbβ and Gdnf) and spermatogenic cells (Plzf, Stra8 and Dmc1). In conclusion, these findings indicated that ENR exposure might influence the development of the testes of pubescent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yunamingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Gao JG, Jiang Y, Zheng JT, Nie LW. Pubertal exposure to acrylamide disrupts spermatogenesis by interfering with meiotic progression in male mice. Toxicol Lett 2022; 358:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tassinari R, Tait S, Busani L, Martinelli A, Valeri M, Gastaldelli A, Deodati A, La Rocca C, Maranghi F. Toxicological Assessment of Oral Co-Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Juvenile Rats at Environmentally Relevant Dose Levels: Evaluation of the Synergic, Additive or Antagonistic Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094584. [PMID: 33925988 PMCID: PMC8123661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The general population (including children) is exposed to chemical mixtures. Plasticizers such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalates (mainly Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-DEHP) are widespread contaminants classified as endocrine disrupters which share some toxicological profiles and coexist in food and environment. Methods: To identify hazards of DEHP and BPA mixtures, the juvenile toxicity test—where rodents are in peripubertal phase of development, resembling childhood—was selected using exposure data from biomonitoring study in children. Biological activity and potential enhanced and/or reduced toxicological effects of mixtures due to common mechanisms were studied, considering endpoints of metabolic, endocrine and reproductive systems. The degree of synergy or antagonism was evaluated by synergy score calculation, using present data and results from the single compound individually administered. Results: In metabolic system, synergic interaction predominates in female and additive in male rats; in the reproductive and endocrine systems, the co-exposure of BPA and DEHP showed interactions mainly of antagonism type. Conclusions: The present approach allows to evaluate, for all the endpoints considered, the type of interaction between contaminants relevant for human health. Although the mode of action and biological activities of the mixtures are not completely addressed, it can be of paramount usefulness to support a more reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Luca Busani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Children’s Hospital, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.T.); (S.T.); (L.B.); (C.L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902527
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Metabolic, reproductive and thyroid effects of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) orally administered to male and female juvenile rats at dose levels derived from children biomonitoring study. Toxicology 2020; 449:152653. [PMID: 33309551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in several items, non-covalently bound to plastics and easily released, since metabolites were found in human matrices. DEHP is an endocrine disrupter and children are particularly vulnerable and susceptible to DEHP effects due to higher exposure levels and developmental stage. A juvenile toxicity study was performed to identify DEHP hazard and mode of action in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes during peri-pubertal period - corresponding to childhood phase - from weaning, post-natal day (PND) 23, to full sexual maturity (PND60); the dose levels of 0, 9, 21 and 48 mg/kg bw/day were derived from LIFE PERSUADED biomonitoring study in children. DEHP was administered by gavage for 28 days (5 days/week); timing of preputial separation and vaginal opening was observed during treatment. Histopathological analysis was performed on: adrenals, spleen, liver, thyroid and reproductive organs. The following serum biomarkers were assessed: estradiol, testosterone, anti-Mullerian hormone, tetraiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, adiponectin and leptin. Gene expression on hypothalamic-pituitary area was focused on follicle stimulating, luteinizing, and thyroid stimulating hormones. The results showed that main targets of DEHP during juvenile period were liver and metabolic system in both sexes, while sex-specific effects were recorded in reproductive system (male rats) and in thyroid (female rats). DEHP exposure during peri-pubertal period at dose levels derived from biomonitoring study in children can induce sex-specific imbalances identifying the juvenile animal model as a sound tool to identify hazards for a reliable risk assessment targeted to children.
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Tassinari R, Narciso L, Tait S, Busani L, Martinelli A, Di Virgilio A, Carli F, Deodati A, La Rocca C, Maranghi F. Juvenile Toxicity Rodent Model to Study Toxicological Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) at Dose Levels Derived From Italian Children Biomonitoring Study. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:387-401. [PMID: 31697385 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties particularly relevant for children health. Recently BPA has been associated with metabolic dysfunctions but no data are yet available in specific, long-term studies. This study aimed to evaluate BPA modes of action and hazards during animal juvenile life-stage, corresponding to childhood. Immature Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were orally treated with 0 (vehicle only-olive oil), 2, 6, and 18 mg/kg bw per day of BPA for 28 days, from weaning to sexual maturity. Dose levels were obtained from the PERSUADED biomonitoring study in Italian children. Both no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL)/low-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) and estimated benchmark dose (BMD) approaches were applied. General toxicity, parameters of sexual development, endocrine/reproductive/functional liver and kidney biomarkers, histopathology of target tissues, and gene expression in hypothalamic-pituitary area and liver were studied. No mortality or general toxicity occurred. Sex-specific alterations were observed in liver, thyroid, spleen, leptin/adiponectin serum levels, and hypothalamic-pituitary gene expression. Thyroid homeostasis and liver were the most sensitive targets of BPA exposure in the peripubertal phase. The proposed LOAEL was 2 mg/kg bw, considering as critical effect the liver endpoints, kidney weight in male and adrenal histomorphometrical alterations and osteopontin upregulation in female rats. The BMD lower bounds were 0.05 and 1.33 mg/kg bw in males and females, considering liver and thyroid biomarkers, respectively. Overall, BPA evaluation at dose levels derived from children biomonitoring study allowed to identify sex-specific, targeted toxicological effects that may have significant impact on risk assessment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero "Bambino Gesù".,Children's Hospital-Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Rasinger J, Carroll T, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Moracci G, Altieri I, Mantovani A, Lundebye AK, Hogstrand C. Low dose exposure to HBCD, CB-153 or TCDD induces histopathological and hormonal effects and changes in brain protein and gene expression in juvenile female BALB/c mice. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 80:105-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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