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Wen F, Liu D, Wang M, Zhang S, Kuang W, Yuan L, Wang J, Liu G. Celastrol induces premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing apoptosis in granulosa cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115815. [PMID: 37956480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural compound purified from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., has excellent pharmacological activity for the treatment of various diseases. Assessing the safety of its use is essential for its development into a clinical medicine. However, research assessing its toxicity on the female reproductive system has never been reported. In this study, the ovarian toxicity of celastrol and its underlying mechanism were investigated. We found that celastrol induced premature ovarian insufficiency and apoptosis in granulosa cells. Activity-based protein profiling results showed that high mobility group box 1 was a candidate target protein of celastrol. Celastrol directly bound to Cys106 of high mobility group box 1. Knocking down high mobility group box 1 induced apoptosis of granulosa cells, while overexpression of this gene reversed celastrol-induced apoptosis. Celastrol treatment upregulated p21 transcription, but overexpression of high mobility group box 1 reversed this upregulation. Thus, Celastrol induces premature ovarian insufficiency and apoptosis in granulosa cells by directly binding to high mobility group box 1 and interfering with its biological function to regulate p21 transcription. This study provides valuable information for assessing the safety of the clinical application of celastrol on female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenhua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China; Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Huixin P, Guangji W, Yanxin H, Yanfang P, Huixiong Y, Xiong Z, Yu'an X, Wencheng C. Transcriptome-based analysis of the toxic effects of aluminum chloride exposure on spermatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105658. [PMID: 37544489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) exposure is pervasive in our daily lives. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to AlCl3 can lead to male reproductive toxicity. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism of aluminum-induced toxicity by analyzing the alterations in the global transcriptome gene profile of mouse spermatocytes (GC-2spd cells) exposed to AlCl3. GC-2spd cells were exposed to concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 4 mM AlCl3, and high-throughput mRNA-seq was performed to investigate the changes in the transcriptome after exposure to 4 mM AlCl3. Our findings indicate that exposure to AlCl3 led to an increase in oxidative stress, disrupted glutathione metabolism, reduced cell viability, and altered gene expression in mouse spermatocytes. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with various biological functions such as mitochondrial inner membrane, response to oxidative stress. Furthermore, these DEGs were found to be enriched in pathways including proteasome, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and Hif-1 signaling pathway. Real-time PCR and western blot were employed to validate the expression alterations of pivotal genes, and the outcomes exhibited concordance with the mRNA-seq findings. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the potential mechanism of male reproductive toxicity caused by aluminum exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huixin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Guangji
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China; Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Baise, Baise 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Huang Yanxin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Pang Yanfang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China
| | - Yuan Huixiong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China
| | - Zou Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of reproductive health and birth defect prevention, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xie Yu'an
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of reproductive health and birth defect prevention, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chen Wencheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi,China; Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
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Ge JC, Qian Q, Gao YH, Zhang YF, Li YX, Wang X, Fu Y, Ma YM, Wang Q. Toxic effects of Tripterygium glycoside tablets on the reproductive system of male rats by metabolomics, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154813. [PMID: 37062137 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripterygium glycoside tablets (TGT) is the most common preparation from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, which is widely used in clinical for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. However, its serious reproductive toxicity limits its application. PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the toxic effects of TGT on the reproductive system of male RA rats and its potential toxic components and mechanism. METHODS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established, and TGT suspension was given at low, medium, and high doses. Gonadal index, pathological changes, and the number of spermatogenic cells were used to evaluate the toxic effects of TGT on the reproductive system. Non-targeted metabolomics of testicular tissue was conducted by UHPLC-QTOF/MS. Combined with network toxicology, the key targets of TGT-induced reproductive toxicity were screened and RT-qPCR was used to validation. In vitro toxicity of 19 components of TGT was evaluated using TM3 and TM4 cell lines. Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction between toxic components and key targets. RESULTS TGT reduced testicular and epididymis weight. Pathology analysis showed a lot of deformed and atrophic spermatogenic tubules. The number of spermatogenic cells decreased significantly (P<0.0001). A total of 58 different metabolites including platelet-activating factor (PAF), lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), glutathione (GSH), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were identified by testicular metabolomics. Glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism were key pathways responsible for the reproductive toxicity of TGT. Ten key reproductive toxicity targets were screened by network toxicology. The cytotoxicity test showed that triptolide, triptonide, celastrol, and demethylzeylasteral could significantly reduce the viability of TM3 and TM4 cells. Alkaloids had no apparent toxic effects. Molecular docking showed that the four toxic components had a good affinity with 10 key targets. All binding energies were less than -7 kcal/mol. The RT-qPCR results showed the Cyp19a1 level was significantly up-regulated. Pik3ca and Pik3cg levels were significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSION Through testicular metabolomics, we found that TGT may cause reproductive toxicity through CYP19A1, PIK3CA, and PIK3CG three target, which was preliminarily revealed. This study laid the foundation for elucidating the toxicity mechanism of TGT and evaluating its safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qi Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ying-Xuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yu-Mei Ma
- Department of Research Centre, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Tong X, Qiao Y, Yang Y, Liu H, Cao Z, Yang B, Wei L, Yang H. Applications and Mechanisms of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook. F. and its Preparations in Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:846746. [PMID: 35387327 PMCID: PMC8977547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.846746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHF) is a Chinese botanical drug containing a large number of metabolites. The discovered and recognized anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects have made it attract more and more attentions in trials and clinical researches. The extraction and processing of TwHF for pharmaceuticals is a manifestation of the role of traditional Chinese medicine. However, TwHF is toxic. Optimization of TwHF preparations has become a requirement for the development of TwHF pharmaceuticals. Our article introduces the main preparations of TwHF on the Chinese market and their characteristics. In particular, we summarize the clinical applications and influential mechanisms of TwHF and its preparations in kidney diseases. Considering that nephropathy is closely related to immune inflammation and TwHF is a botanical drug with a high number of metabolites, the application of TwHF in kidney diseases may be much more complicated. By revealing the role and mechanisms of TwHF in kidney diseases, this study aims to provide more insights to basic and clinical studies about nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tong
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanheng Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjian Yang
- Tianjin Jinnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haizhao Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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