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Dixon E, Rabanser I, Dzieciol M, Zwirzitz B, Wagner M, Mann E, Stessl B, Wetzels SU. Reduction potential of steam vacuum and high-pressure water treatment on microbes during beef meat processing. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Masanta WO, Zautner AE, Lugert R, Bohne W, Gross U, Leha A, Dakna M, Lenz C. Proteome Profiling by Label-Free Mass Spectrometry Reveals Differentiated Response of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 to Sublethal Concentrations of Bile Acids. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800083. [PMID: 30246935 PMCID: PMC6585709 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Bile acids are crucial components of the intestinal antimicrobial defense and represent a significant stress factor for enteric pathogens. Adaptation processes of Campylobacter jejuni to this hostile environment are analyzed in this study by a proteomic approach. Experimental design Proteome profiling by label‐free mass spectrometry (SWATH‐MS) has been used to characterize the adaptation of C. jejuni to sublethal concentrations of seven bile acids. Results The bile acids with the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50), deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid, induce the most significant proteome changes. Overall a downregulation of all basic biosynthetic pathways and a general decrease in the transcription machinery are found. Concurrently, an induction of factors involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, protein folding, and bile acid exporting efflux pumps is detected. Exposure to deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid results in an increased expression of components of the more energy‐efficient aerobic respiration pathway, while the anaerobic branches of the electron transport chain are down‐expressed. Conclusions and clinical relevance The results show that C. jejuni has a differentiated system of adaptation to bile acid stresses. The findings enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis, especially for survival of C. jejuni in the human intestine, and may provide clues to future medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wycliffe O Masanta
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Maseno University Medical School, Private Bag, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raimond Lugert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bohne
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Gross
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammed Dakna
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Horáčková Š, Plocková M, Demnerová K. Importance of microbial defence systems to bile salts and mechanisms of serum cholesterol reduction. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:682-690. [PMID: 29248683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An important feature of the intestinal microbiota, particularly in the case of administered probiotic microorganisms, is their resistance to conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly tolerance to and growth in the presence of bile salts. Bacteria can use several defence mechanisms against bile, including special transport mechanisms, the synthesis of various types of surface proteins and fatty acids or the production of exopolysaccharides. The ability to enzymatically hydrolyse bile salts occurs in a variety of bacteria. Choloylglycine hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.24), a bile salt hydrolase, is a constitutive intracellular enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of an amide bond between glycine or taurine and the steroid nucleus of bile acids. Its presence was demonstrated in specific microorganisms from several bacterial genera (Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp.). Occurrence and gene arrangement encoding this enzyme are highly variable in probiotic microorganisms. Bile salt hydrolase activity may provide the possibility to use the released amino acids by bacteria as sources of carbon and nitrogen, to facilitate detoxification of bile or to support the incorporation of cholesterol into the cell wall. Deconjugation of bile salts may be directly related to a lowering of serum cholesterol levels, from which conjugated bile salts are synthesized de novo. Furthermore, the ability of microorganisms to assimilate or to bind ingested cholesterol to the cell wall or to eliminate it by co-precipitation with released cholic acid was also documented. Some intestinal microflora produce cholesterol reductase that catalyses the conversion of cholesterol to insoluble coprostanol, which is subsequently excreted in faeces, thereby also reducing the amount of exogenous cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Horáčková
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milada Plocková
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Demnerová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kreuder AJ, Schleining JA, Yaeger M, Zhang Q, Plummer PJ. RNAseq Reveals Complex Response of Campylobacter jejuni to Ovine Bile and In vivo Gallbladder Environment. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:940. [PMID: 28611744 PMCID: PMC5447181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the gallbladder by enteric pathogens such as Salmonella typhi, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni is thought to play a key role in transmission and persistence of these important zoonotic agents; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that allow for bacterial survival within this harsh environment. Recently, a highly virulent C. jejuni sheep abortion (SA) clone represented by the clinical isolate IA3902 has emerged as the dominant cause for sheep abortion in the United States. Previous studies have indicated that the C. jejuni clone SA can frequently be isolated from the gallbladders of otherwise healthy sheep, suggesting that the gallbladder may serve as an important reservoir for infection. To begin to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with survival in the host gallbladder, C. jejuni IA3902 was exposed for up to 24 h to both the natural ovine host in vivo gallbladder environment, as well as ovine bile in vitro. Following exposure, total RNA was isolated from the bile and high throughput deep sequencing of strand specific rRNA-depleted total RNA was used to characterize the transcriptome of IA3902 under these conditions. Our results demonstrated for the first time the complete transcriptome of C. jejuni IA3902 during exposure to an important host environment, the sheep gallbladder. Exposure to the host environment as compared to in vitro bile alone provided a more robust picture of the complexity of gene regulation required for survival in the host gallbladder. A subset of genes including a large number of protein coding genes as well as seven previously identified non-coding RNAs were confirmed to be differentially expressed within our data, suggesting that they may play a key role in adaptation upon exposure to these conditions. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that may be utilized by C. jejuni IA3902 to colonize and survive within the inhospitable gallbladder environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Jennifer A Schleining
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Michael Yaeger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Paul J Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
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Grinnage-Pulley T, Mu Y, Dai L, Zhang Q. Dual Repression of the Multidrug Efflux Pump CmeABC by CosR and CmeR in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1097. [PMID: 27468281 PMCID: PMC4943160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During transmission and intestinal colonization, Campylobacter jejuni, a major foodborne human pathogen, experiences oxidative stress. CosR, a response regulator in C. jejuni, modulates the oxidative stress response and represses expression of the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump. CmeABC, a key component in resistance to toxic compounds including antimicrobials and bile salts, is also under negative regulation by CmeR, a TetR family transcriptional regulator. How CosR and CmeR interact in binding to the cmeABC promoter and how CosR senses oxidative stress are still unknown. To answer these questions, we conducted various experiments utilizing electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transcriptional fusion assays. CosR and CmeR bound independently to two separate sites of the cmeABC promoter, simultaneously repressing cmeABC expression. This dual binding of CosR and CmeR is optimal with a 17 base pair space between the two binding sites as mutations that shortened the distance between the binding sites decreased binding by CmeR and enhanced cmeABC expression. Additionally, the single cysteine residue (C218) of CosR was sensitive to oxidation, which altered the DNA-binding activity of CosR and dissociated CosR from the cmeABC promoter as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Replacement of C218 with serine rendered CosR insensitive to oxidation, suggesting a potential role of C218 in sensing oxidative stress and providing a possible mechanism for CosR-mediated response to oxidative stress. These findings reveal a dual regulatory role of CosR and CmeR in modulating cmeABC expression and suggest a potential mechanism that may explain overexpression of cmeABC in response to oxidative stress. Differential expression of cmeABC mediated by CmeR and CosR in response to different signals may facilitate adaptation of Campylobacter to various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Grinnage-Pulley
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Yang Mu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
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Hungaro HM, Mendonça RCS, Rosa VO, Badaró ACL, Moreira MAS, Chaves JBP. Low contamination of Campylobacter spp. on chicken carcasses in Minas Gerais state, Brazil: Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mavri A, Smole Možina S. Resistance to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate in macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:168-74. [PMID: 23289436 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter are the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and they are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, including macrolides and fluoroquinolones, those most frequently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. Active efflux mechanisms are involved in resistance of Campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials, and are also essential for Campylobacter colonization in the animal intestine, through mediation of bile resistance. Acquisition of antibiotic resistance through resistance-conferring mutations can impose a fitness cost of Campylobacter. The aim of the present study was to determine whether macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter affects their tolerance to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate through the most frequent resistance-conferring mutations. Antimicrobial efflux was studied on the basis of restored sensitivity in the presence of the efflux-pump inhibitors (EPIs) phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAβN) and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine. In the 15 Campylobacter jejuni and 23 Campylobacter coli strains examined here, both of these EPIs partially reversed the resistance to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate. Erythromycin-sensitive C. coli strains were more resistant to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate than erythromycin-resistant strains. PAβN had greater effects on bile salt and sodium deoxycholate resistance in these erythromycin-resistant strains compared to erythromycin-sensitive strains. However, no differences were seen between the ciprofloxacin-sensitive and ciprofloxacin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mavri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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