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Feng S, Qiu Y, Huang Z, Yin Y, Zhang H, Zhu D, Tong Y, Yang H. The adaptation mechanisms of Acidithiobacillus caldus CCTCC M 2018054 to extreme acid stress: Bioleaching performance, physiology, and transcriptomics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111341. [PMID: 34015291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand the acid-resistant mechanism of bioleaching microorganism Acidithiobacillus caldus CCTCC M 2018054, its physiology and metabolic changes at the transcriptional level under extreme acid stress were systemically studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared reflection (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that with an increase in acidity, the absorption peak of sulfur oxidation-related functional groups such as S-O decreased significantly, and a dense sulfur passivation film appeared on the surface of the ore. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that coverage scale of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and biofilm fluctuated accordingly along with the increasing acid stress (pH-stat 1.5, 1.2 0.9 and 0.6) during the bioleaching process. In response to acid stress, the increased levels of intracellular glutamic acid, alanine, cysteine, and proline contributed to the maintenance of intracellular pH homeostasis via decarboxylation and alkaline neutralization. Higher unsaturated fatty acid content was closely related to membrane fluidity. Up to 490 and 447 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at pH 1.5 vs pH 1.2 and pH 1.2 vs pH 0.9, respectively, and 177 common DEGs were associated with two-component system (TCS) regulation, transporter regulation, energy metabolism, and stress response. The upregulation of kdpB helped cells defend against proton invasion, whereas the downregulation of cysB and cbl implied stronger oxidation of sulfur compounds. The transcriptional level of sqr, sor, and soxA was significantly increased and consolidated the energy supply needed for resisting acid stress. Furthermore, eight of the identified DEGs (sor, cbl, ompA, atpF, nuoH, nuoC, sqr, grxB) were verified as being related to the acid stress response process. This study contributes toward expanding the application of these acidophiles in industrial bioleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoushuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongkang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yijun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Shandong, 408100, China
| | - Deqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yanjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Hailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, China.
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Di Somma A, Caterino M, Soni V, Agarwal M, di Pasquale P, Zanetti S, Molicotti P, Cannas S, Nandicoori VK, Duilio A. The bifunctional protein GlmU is a key factor in biofilm formation induced by alkylating stress in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Res Microbiol 2019; 170:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Yahara K, Méric G, Taylor AJ, de Vries SPW, Murray S, Pascoe B, Mageiros L, Torralbo A, Vidal A, Ridley A, Komukai S, Wimalarathna H, Cody AJ, Colles FM, McCarthy N, Harris D, Bray JE, Jolley KA, Maiden MCJ, Bentley SD, Parkhill J, Bayliss CD, Grant A, Maskell D, Didelot X, Kelly DJ, Sheppard SK. Genome-wide association of functional traits linked with Campylobacter jejuni survival from farm to fork. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:361-380. [PMID: 27883255 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni lineages vary in host range and prevalence in human infection, suggesting differences in survival throughout the poultry processing chain. From 7343 MLST-characterised isolates, we sequenced 600 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from various stages of poultry processing and clinical cases. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in C. jejuni ST-21 and ST-45 complexes identified genetic elements over-represented in clinical isolates that increased in frequency throughout the poultry processing chain. Disease-associated SNPs were distinct in these complexes, sometimes organised in haplotype blocks. The function of genes containing associated elements was investigated, demonstrating roles for cj1377c in formate metabolism, nuoK in aerobic survival and oxidative respiration, and cj1368-70 in nucleotide salvage. This work demonstrates the utility of GWAS for investigating transmission in natural zoonotic pathogen populations and provides evidence that major C. jejuni lineages have distinct genotypes associated with survival, within the host specific niche, from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yahara
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guillaume Méric
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aidan J Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stefan P W de Vries
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Murray
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben Pascoe
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Oxford Bath, UK
| | - Leonardos Mageiros
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alicia Torralbo
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ana Vidal
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Anne Ridley
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Sho Komukai
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alison J Cody
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Noel McCarthy
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protections Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Harris
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - James E Bray
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protections Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen D Bentley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew Grant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xavier Didelot
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Oxford Bath, UK.,Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Lockhart JS, Buret AG, Ceri H, Storey DG, Anderson SJ, Morck DW. Mixed species biofilms of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii impair the oxidative response of bovine neutrophils in vitro. Anaerobe 2017; 47:157-164. [PMID: 28526497 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms composed of anaerobic bacteria can result in persistent infections and chronic inflammation. Host immune cells have difficulties clearing biofilm-related infections and this can result in tissue damage. Neutrophils are a vital component of the innate immune system and help clear biofilms. The comparative neutrophilic response to biofilms versus planktonic bacteria remains incompletely understood, particularly in the context of mixed infections. The objective of this study was to generate mixed species anaerobic bacterial biofilms composed of two opportunistic pathogens, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii, and evaluate neutrophil responses to extracellular fractions from both biofilms and planktonic cell co-cultures of the same bacteria. Purified bovine neutrophils exposed to culture supernatants from mixed species planktonic bacteria showed elevated oxidative activity compared to neutrophils exposed to biofilms composed of the same bacteria. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide plays a significant role in the stimulation of neutrophils; biofilms produced substantially more lipopolysaccharide than planktonic bacteria under these experimental conditions. Removal of lipopolysaccharide significantly reduced neutrophil oxidative response to culture supernatants of planktonic bacteria. Oxidative responses to LPS-removed biofilm supernatants and LPS-removed planktonic cell supernatants were similar. The limited neutrophil response to biofilm bacteria observed in this study supports the reduced ability of the innate immune system to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. Lipopolysaccharide is likely important in neutrophil response; however, the presence of other extracellular, immune modifying molecules in the bacterial media also appears to be important in altering neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey S Lockhart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Howard Ceri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Douglas G Storey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Douglas W Morck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Biofilm Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Animal Health Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Ribaudo N, Li X, Davis B, Wood TK, Huang ZJ. A Genome-Scale Modeling Approach to Quantify Biofilm Component Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium. J Food Sci 2016; 82:154-166. [PMID: 27992644 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an extremely dangerous foodborne bacterium that infects both animal and human subjects, causing fatal diseases around the world. Salmonella's robust virulence, antibiotic-resistant nature, and capacity to survive under harsh conditions are largely due to its ability to form resilient biofilms. Multiple genome-scale metabolic models have been developed to study the complex and diverse nature of this organism's metabolism; however, none of these models fully integrated the reactions and mechanisms required to study the influence of biofilm formation. This work developed a systems-level approach to study the adjustment of intracellular metabolism of S. typhimurium during biofilm formation. The most advanced metabolic reconstruction currently available, STM_v1.0, was 1st extended to include the formation of the extracellular biofilm matrix. Flux balance analysis was then employed to study the influence of biofilm formation on cellular growth rate and the production rates of biofilm components. With biofilm formation present, biomass growth was examined under nutrient rich and nutrient deficient conditions, resulting in overall growth rates of 0.8675 and 0.6238 h-1 respectively. Investigation of intracellular flux variation during biofilm formation resulted in the elucidation of 32 crucial reactions, and associated genes, whose fluxes most significantly adapt during the physiological response. Experimental data were found in the literature to validate the importance of these genes for the biofilm formation of S. typhimurium. This preliminary investigation on the adjustment of intracellular metabolism of S. typhimurium during biofilm formation will serve as a platform to generate hypotheses for further experimental study on the biofilm formation of this virulent bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ribaudo
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Villanova Univ, Villanova, 19085, PA, U.S.A
| | - Xianhua Li
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Villanova Univ, Villanova, 19085, PA, U.S.A
| | - Brett Davis
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Villanova Univ, Villanova, 19085, PA, U.S.A
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Depts. of Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State Univ, Univ. Park, 16802, PA, U.S.A
| | - Zuyi Jacky Huang
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Villanova Univ, Villanova, 19085, PA, U.S.A
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Effect of small chain N acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals on biofilms of food-borne pathogens. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:3609-3614. [PMID: 27777468 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing or cell to cell communication which includes inter- and intra-cellular communication has been implicated in the production of virulence factor and formation of biofilm in food-borne pathogens. In the present study, the effect of quorum sensing signals on the biofilms of food-borne pathogens has been elucidated. N-butryl homoserine lactone and N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone belonging to acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) family of signaling molecules were investigated for their effect on the biofilm formation (attachment and exopolymeric substance production) in the food-borne pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Vibrio parahemolyticus. The signaling molecules at a concentration of 1 µM were capable of increasing biofilm formation in all the tested pathogens. There was an increase in the attachment of the bacterial cells and biomass as observed by microtiter plate assay and exopolymeric substances production in the biofilms in presence of the AHLs. Further, it needs to be elucidated if the effect of AHLS on the biofilms of E. coli and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium is SdiA dependent.
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Shin B, Park W. Synergistic Effect of Oleanolic Acid on Aminoglycoside Antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137751. [PMID: 26360766 PMCID: PMC4567131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties involved in treating drug-resistant pathogens have created a need for new therapies. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using oleanolic acid (OA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, as a natural adjuvant for antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii. High concentrations of OA can kill cells, partly because it generates reactive oxygen species. Measurement of the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) for OA and time-kill experiments demonstrated that it only synergizes with aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, kanamycin). Other classes of antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, rifampicin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline) have no interactions with OA. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that genes involved in ATP synthesis and cell membrane permeability, the gene encoding glycosyltransferase, peptidoglycan-related genes, phage-related genes, and DNA repair genes were upregulated under OA. OA highly induces the expression of adk, which encodes an adenylate kinase, and des6, which encodes a linoleoyl-CoA desaturase, and deletion of these genes increased FICs; these observations indicate that adk and des6 are involved in the synergism of OA with aminoglycosides. Data obtained using 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, fluorescence-conjugated gentamicin, and membrane fatty acid analysis indicates that adk and des6 are involved in changes in membrane permeability. Proton-motive force and ATP synthesis tests show that those genes are also involved in energy metabolism. Taken together, our data show that OA boosts aminoglycoside uptake by changing membrane permeability and energy metabolism in A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chen S, He N, Yu J, Li L, Sun F, Hu Y, Deng R, Zhong S, Shen L. Inhibitory effect of 2‑mercaptoethane sulfonate on the formation of Escherichia coli biofilms in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5223-30. [PMID: 26238522 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilms (BF) formed by Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important cause of chronic and recurrent infections due to its capacity to persist on medical surfaces and indwelling devices, demonstrating the importance of inhibiting the formation of E. coli BF and reducing BF infection. Although 2‑mercaptoethane sulfonate (MESNA) exhibits a marked mucolytic effect clinically, the effect of MESNA on the inhibition of E. coli BF formation remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated whether MESNA inhibits the formation of E. coli BF in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration of MESNA on E. coli was determined to be 10 mg/ml. Subsequently, the effect of MESNA on BF early adhesion, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and extracellular protein were detected. The effect of a subinhibitory concentration of MESNA on BF formation was evaluated, and the inhibitory potency of MESNA against matured BF was assayed. The results revealed that MESNA inhibited early stage adhesion and formation of the E. coli BF, destroyed the mature BF membrane and reduced the EPS and extracellular proteins levels of the BF. In addition, the present study investigated the effects of MESNA on the expression of EPS‑ and adhesion protein‑associated genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, which demonstrated that MESNA effectively inhibited the expression of these genes. These results suggested that MESNA possesses anti‑BF formation capability on E. coli in vitro and may be used as a potential reagent for the clinical treatment of E. coli BF‑associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Nianhai He
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Luquan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Rui Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital of The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Jaglic Z, Desvaux M, Weiss A, Nesse LL, Meyer RL, Demnerova K, Schmidt H, Giaouris E, Sipailiene A, Teixeira P, Kačániová M, Riedel CU, Knøchel S. Surface adhesins and exopolymers of selected foodborne pathogens. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:2561-2582. [PMID: 25217529 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.075887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to bind different compounds and to adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces provides them with a range of advantages, such as colonization of various tissues, internalization, avoidance of an immune response, and survival and persistence in the environment. A variety of bacterial surface structures are involved in this process and these promote bacterial adhesion in a more or less specific manner. In this review, we will focus on those surface adhesins and exopolymers in selected foodborne pathogens that are involved mainly in primary adhesion. Their role in biofilm development will also be considered when appropriate. Both the clinical impact and the implications for food safety of such adhesion will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Jaglic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Agnes Weiss
- Department of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Rikke L Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Herbert Schmidt
- Department of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos Island, Greece
| | | | - Pilar Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Christian U Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Knøchel
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C 1958, Denmark
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Winkelströter LK, Teixeira FBDR, Silva EP, Alves VF, De Martinis ECP. Unraveling microbial biofilms of importance for food microbiology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:35-46. [PMID: 24370864 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms is a relevant risk factors in the food industry due to the potential contamination of food products with pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The majority of bacteria are able to adhere and to form biofilms, where they can persist and survive for days to weeks or even longer, depending on the microorganism and the environmental conditions. The biological cycle of biofilms includes several developmental phases such as: initial attachment, maturation, maintenance, and dispersal. Bacteria in biofilms are generally well protected against environmental stress, consequently, extremely difficult to eradicate and detect in food industry. In the present manuscript, some techniques and compounds used to control and to prevent the biofilm formation are presented and discussed. Moreover, a number of novel techniques have been recently employed to detect and evaluate bacteria attached to surfaces, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA microarray and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Better knowledge on the architecture, physiology and molecular signaling in biofilms can contribute for preventing and controlling food-related spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The present study highlights basic and applied concepts important for understanding the role of biofilms in bacterial survival, persistence and dissemination in food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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(1)H NMR-based metabolite profiling of planktonic and biofilm cells in Acinetobacter baumannii 1656-2. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57730. [PMID: 23483923 PMCID: PMC3590295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic and gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that is resistant to most antibiotics. Recently, A. baumannii 1656-2 exhibited the ability to form biofilms under clinical conditions. In this study, global metabolite profiling of both planktonic and biofilm forms of A. baumannii 1656-2 was performed using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the metabolic patterns leading to biofilm formation. Principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots showed a distinct separation between planktonic and biofilm cells. Metabolites including acetates, pyruvate, succinate, UDP-glucose, AMP, glutamate, and lysine were increasingly involved in the energy metabolism of biofilm formation. In particular, the ratio of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) to D-glucosamine (GlcNH2) was significantly higher during biofilm formation than under the planktonic condition. This study demonstrates that NMR-based global metabolite profiling of bacterial cells can provide valuable insight into the metabolic changes in multidrug resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria such as A. baumannii 1656-2.
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