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Pierro R, Moussa A, Mori N, Marcone C, Quaglino F, Romanazzi G. Bois noir management in vineyard: a review on effective and promising control strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1364241. [PMID: 38601314 PMCID: PMC11004249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1364241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Among grapevine yellows, Bois noir (BN), associated with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', represents the biggest threat in the main wine-growing areas worldwide, causing significant losses in berry quality and yields. BN epidemiology involves multiple plant hosts and several insect vectors, making considerably complex the development of effective management strategies. Since application of insecticides on the grapevine canopy is not effective to manage vectors, BN management includes an integrated approach based on treatments to the canopy to make the plant more resistant to the pathogen and/or inhibit the vector feeding, and actions on reservoir plants to reduce possibilities that the vector reaches the grapevine and transmit the phytoplasma. Innovative sustainable strategies developed in the last twenty years to improve the BN management are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pierro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Abdelhameed Moussa
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nicola Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carmine Marcone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Naama-Amar A, Gerchman Y, Iasur Kruh L, Naor V. Evaluation of the biocontrol activity of Frateuria defendens-derived metabolites against mollicutes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2070355. [PMID: 35485441 PMCID: PMC9067460 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2070355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Frateuria defendens is a candidate biocontrol agent that has been shown to reduce phytoplasma-related disease symptoms in grapevines and periwinkle plants. While a crude filtrate prepared from F. defendens can inhibit mollicute growth, the specific growth parameters for this bacterium, necessary to enhance this protective inhibitory response, remain unknown. Moreover, the separation of filtrate preparations from bacterial cells via centrifugation and filtration is laborious and time-consuming. As such, the present study was conducted to define the optimal growth conditions associated with maximal inhibitory activity of F. defendens and to establish a better approach to separating these bacterial cells from their secreted metabolites. To conduct these analyses, F. defendens was cultured in a range of media types, while associated inhibitory effects were tested in vitro using Spiroplasma melliferum as a model mollicute bacterium, and in planta using phytoplasma-infected periwinkle plantlets. These analyses revealed F. defendens growth patterns change based upon media composition, with filtrates prepared from a specific rich medium (S-medium) exhibiting beneficial activities, including the inhibition of S. melliferum and enhanced plant growth. When F. defendens cells were grown within semi-permeable, membrane-coated Small Bioreactor Platform (SBP) capsules, they could be more readily separated from the secreted metabolite fraction, obviating the need for filtration and/or centrifugation. This study is the first to have reported the use of SBP capsules to separate bacterial cells from their secreted metabolites under sterile conditions while retaining the ability of these metabolites to inhibit S. melliferum growth and to benefit the host plant. The results highlight promising new approaches to the effective biocontrol of phytoplasma-driven diseases in grapevines and other economically important plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Naama-Amar
- Department of Biotechnsology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Iasur Kruh
- Department of Biotechnsology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Vered Naor
- Golan Agri Innovation Unit, Shamir Research Institute, Katsrin, Israel
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3
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Travanty NV, Vargo EL, Apperson CS, Ponnusamy L. Colonization by the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta, Modifies Soil Bacterial Communities. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:240-256. [PMID: 34370055 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing association between insects and microorganisms has been especially crucial to the evolutionary and ecological success of social insect groups. Notably, research on the interaction of the two social forms (monogyne and polygyne) of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, with microbes in its soil habitat is presently limited. In this study, we characterized bacterial microbiomes associated with RIFA nest soils and native (RIFA-negative) soils to better understand the effects of colonization of RIFA on soil microbial communities. Bacterial community fingerprints of 16S rRNA amplicons using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed significant differences in the structure of the bacterial communities between RIFA-positive and RIFA-negative soils at 0 and 10 cm depths. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons provided fine-scale analysis to test for effects of RIFA colonization, RIFA social form, and soil depth on the composition of the bacterial microbiomes of the soil and RIFA workers. Our results showed the bacterial community structure of RIFA-colonized soils to be significantly different from native soil communities and to evidence elevated abundances of several taxa, including Actinobacteria. Colony social form was not found to be a significant factor in nest or RIFA worker microbiome compositions. RIFA workers and nest soils were determined to have markedly different bacterial communities, with RIFA worker microbiomes being characterized by high abundances of a Bartonella-like endosymbiont and Entomoplasmataceae. Cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the Bartonella sp. to be a novel bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V Travanty
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, NC, 27695, Raleigh, USA
| | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Charles S Apperson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, NC, 27695, Raleigh, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Loganathan Ponnusamy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, NC, 27695, Raleigh, USA.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Moussa A, Passera A, Sanna F, Faccincani M, Casati P, Bianco PA, Mori N, Quaglino F. Bacterial microbiota associated with insect vectors of grapevine Bois noir disease in relation to phytoplasma infection. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5917978. [PMID: 33016318 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bois noir is a grapevine disease causing severe yield loss in vineyards worldwide. It is associated with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', a phloem-limited bacterium transmitted by polyphagous insects. Due to its complex epidemiology, it is difficult to organize effective containment measures. This study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota associated with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' infected and non-infected insect hosts and vectors to investigate if phytoplasma presence can shape the microbiota. Alpha-diversity analysis showed a low microbiota diversity in these insects, in which few genera were highly abundant. Beta-diversity analysis revealed that the xylem- and phloem-feeding behavior influences the microbiota structure. Moreover, it highlighted that phytoplasma infection is associated with a restructuring of microbiota exclusively in Deltocephalinae insect vectors. Obtained data showed that 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' may have adverse effects on the endosymbionts Sulcia and Wolbachia, suggesting a possible fitness modification in the insects. The phytoplasma-antagonistic Dyella was not found in any of the examined insect species. The results indicate an interesting perspective regarding the microbial signatures associated with xylem- and phloem-feeding insects, and determinants that could be relevant to establish whether an insect species can be a vector or not, opening up new avenues for developing microbial resource management-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhameed Moussa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Passera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Sanna
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Faccincani
- Consorzio per la Tutela del Franciacorta, via G. Verdi 53, 25030, Erbusco, BS, Italy
| | - Paola Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Attilio Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Mori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Kapantaidaki DE, Antonatos S, Evangelou V, Papachristos DP, Milonas P. Genetic and endosymbiotic diversity of Greek populations of Philaenus spumarius, Philaenus signatus and Neophilaenus campestris, vectors of Xylella fastidiosa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3752. [PMID: 33580178 PMCID: PMC7881138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa which causes significant diseases to various plant species worldwide, is exclusively transmitted by xylem sap-feeding insects. Given the fact that X. fastidiosa poses a serious potential threat for olive cultivation in Greece, the main aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of Greek populations of three spittlebug species (Philaenus spumarius, P. signatus and Neophilaenus campestris), by examining the molecular markers Cytochrome Oxidase I, cytochrome b and Internal Transcribed Spacer. Moreover, the infection status of the secondary endosymbionts Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Rickettsia, among these populations, was determined. According to the results, the ITS2 region was the less polymorphic, while the analyzed fragments of COI and cytb genes, displayed high genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis placed the Greek populations of P. spumarius into the previously obtained Southwest clade in Europe. The analysis of the bacterial diversity revealed a diverse infection status. Rickettsia was the most predominant endosymbiont while Cardinium was totally absent from all examined populations. Philaenus spumarius harbored Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella and Wolbachia, N. campestris carried Rickettsia, Hamiltonella and Wolbachia while P. signatus was infected only by Rickettsia. The results of this study will provide an important knowledge resource for understanding the population dynamics of vectors of X. fastidiosa with a view to formulate effective management strategies towards the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Ev Kapantaidaki
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece.
| | - Spyridon Antonatos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Evangelou
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Papachristos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Milonas
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., Kifissia, Attica, Greece
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Callegari M, Jucker C, Fusi M, Leonardi MG, Daffonchio D, Borin S, Savoldelli S, Crotti E. Hydrolytic Profile of the Culturable Gut Bacterial Community Associated With Hermetia illucens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1965. [PMID: 32903451 PMCID: PMC7434986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (L.) convert organic waste into high valuable insect biomass that can be used as alternative protein source for animal nutrition or as feedstock for biodiesel production. Since insect biology and physiology are influenced by the gut microbiome, knowledge about the functional role of BSF-associated microorganisms could be exploited to enhance the insect performance and growth. Although an increasing number of culture-independent studies are unveiling the microbiota structure and composition of the BSF gut microbiota, a knowledge gap remains on the experimental validation of the contribution of the microorganisms to the insect growth and development. We aimed at assessing if BSF gut-associated bacteria potentially involved in the breakdown of diet components are able to improve host nutrition. A total of 193 bacterial strains were obtained from guts of BSF larvae reared on a nutritious diet using selective and enrichment media. Most of the bacterial isolates are typically found in the insect gut, with major representatives belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli classes. The hydrolytic profile of the bacterial collection was assessed on compounds typically present in the diet. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that the addition to a nutritionally poor diet of the two isolates Bacillus licheniformis HI169 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HI121, selected for their complementary metabolic activities, could enhance BSF growth. B. licheniformis HI169 positively influenced the larval final weight and growth rate when compared to the control. Conversely, the addition of S. maltophilia HI121 to the nutritionally poor diet did not result in a growth enhancement in terms of larval weight and pupal weight and length in comparison to the control, whereas the combination of the two strains positively affected the larval final weight and the pupal weight and length. In conclusion, we isolated BSF-associated bacterial strains with potential positive properties for the host nutrition and we showed that selected isolates may enhance BSF growth, suggesting the importance to evaluate the effect of the bacterial administration on the insect performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Callegari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Costanza Jucker
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fusi
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Giovanna Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Borin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Savoldelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Mendiola SY, Civitello DJ, Gerardo NM. An integrative approach to symbiont-mediated vector control for agricultural pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 39:57-62. [PMID: 32299043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens pose significant threats to agricultural productivity. Methods that exploit associations between insects and their symbiotic microbes, dubbed symbiont-mediated vector control, are emerging as viable alternatives to insecticides for the control of vector-borne agricultural plant pathogens. The development of methods for effective microbial manipulation, such as RNA interference and paratransgenesis, may facilitate symbiont-mediated vector control tactics aimed at either suppressing insect populations or at manipulating vector competence, an insect vector's ability to acquire, harbor, and transmit pathogens. As suppression strategies transition from the laboratory to the field, the need for methods to evaluate their viability and predict their outcomes is apparent. Mathematical models of symbiont impact on agricultural disease can inform the development of symbiont-mediated vector control. We propose an integrative approach, combining theoretical and empirical experiments to identify the best practices for achieving meaningful improvements to crop health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Y Mendiola
- Department of Biology, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - David J Civitello
- Department of Biology, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicole M Gerardo
- Department of Biology, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Secreted by the Endophytic Bacterium Frateuria defendens. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010072. [PMID: 31935875 PMCID: PMC7020481 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Candidatus Phytoplasma, the causative agent of yellows disease, inflicts substantial damage on several hundred plant species including perennials and annual plants. The endophytic bacterium Frateuria defendens reduces the symptoms of yellows disease in a number of agricultural crops. One possible mode of action is that the bacterium secretes antimicrobial metabolites. To test this hypothesis, the substances secreted by the endophyte during 10 days of growth in an artificial medium were identified by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Synthetic analogues to these substances were then used on periwinkle, a nurse culture plant infected by phytoplasma. Phytoplasma quantities were evaluated by quantitative PCR, and disease symptoms were monitored and recorded. It was found that specific compounds identified by the biochemical analysis caused a significant reduction in both the titer of phytoplasma and the disease symptoms in periwinkle when compared to untreated infected plants. Further research is required to examine the potential of these compounds as an effective treatment against yellows disease.
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Lidor O, Santos-Garcia D, Mozes-Daube N, Naor V, Cohen E, Iasur-Kruh L, Bahar O, Zchori-Fein E. Frateuria defendens sp. nov., bacterium isolated from the yellows grapevine's disease vector Hyalesthes obsoletus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1281-1287. [PMID: 30785390 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Dyella-like bacterium was previously isolated from the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera). Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain DHoT was assigned to the family Rhodanobacteraceae with Dyella and Frateuria as its closest relatives. The closest 16S rRNA gene sequences were Frateuria aurantia DSM 6220T (98.2 %), Dyella thiooxydans ATSB10T (98 %), Dyella terrae JS14-6T (97.8 %) and Dyella marensis CS5-B2T (97.8 %). Strain DHoT is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium. Strain DHoT cells grew well at 28-30 °C and at pH 6.5-7.5 on a nutrient agar plate. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the relatedness between strain DHoT and D. jiangningensis strain SBZ3-12T, and F. aurantia DSM 6220T was 42.7 and 42.6 %, respectively. Ubiquinone Q-8 was the predominant respiratory quinone, and the major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. In silico analysis based on phylogenetics and sequence identity at the nucleotide and protein levels suggests that Frateuria is the closest known relative of strain DHoT. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain DHoT was designated as a novel species of the genus Frateuria, for which the name Frateuria defendens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DHoT (=NCCB 100648T; =DLBT=DSM 106169T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Lidor
- 1Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Diego Santos-Garcia
- 1Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel.,2Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Netta Mozes-Daube
- 1Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Vered Naor
- 3Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel.,4Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Eyal Cohen
- 5Copia Agro & Food Ltd, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Lilach Iasur-Kruh
- 6Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Ofir Bahar
- 7Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Einat Zchori-Fein
- 1Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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10
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Lidor O, Dror O, Hamershlak D, Shoshana N, Belausov E, Zahavi T, Mozes-Daube N, Naor V, Zchori-Fein E, Iasur-Kruh L, Bahar O. Introduction of a putative biocontrol agent into a range of phytoplasma- and liberibacter-susceptible crop plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:811-819. [PMID: 29072824 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoplasma, the causative agent of Bois Noir disease of grapevines, are vectored by the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). A Dyella-like bacterium (DLB) isolated from H. obsoletus inhibits the growth of Spiroplasma melliferum, a cultivable relative of phytoplasma. Additional evidence suggests that DLB can reduce the symptoms of yellows disease in grapevine plantlets. The aim of this study was to test whether DLB could colonize a range of phytoplasma- and liberibacter-sensitive crop plants, and thus assess its potential agricultural use. RESULTS Vitex agnus-castus, the preferred host plant of H. obsoletus was found to be a natural host of DLB, which was successfully introduced into a range of crop plants belonging to seven families. The most effective DLB application method was foliar spraying. Microscopy observation revealed that DLB aggregated on the leaf surface and around the stomata, suggesting that this is its route of entry. DLB was also present in the vascular tissues of plants, indicating that it moved systemically through the plant. CONCLUSIONS DLB is a potential biocontrol agent and its broad spectrum of host plants indicates the possibility of its future use against a range of diseases caused by phloem-limited bacteria. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Lidor
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Orit Dror
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dor Hamershlak
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nofar Shoshana
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Microscopy Unit, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Netta Mozes-Daube
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Vered Naor
- Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel
- Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Einat Zchori-Fein
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Lilach Iasur-Kruh
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Ofir Bahar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Iasur-Kruh L, Zahavi T, Barkai R, Freilich S, Zchori-Fein E, Naor V. Dyella-Like Bacterium Isolated from an Insect as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Grapevine Yellows. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:336-341. [PMID: 28990480 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-17-0199-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Yellows diseases, caused by phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Phytoplasma, are a major threat to grapevines worldwide. Because conventional applications against this pathogen are inefficient and disease management is highly challenging, the use of beneficial bacteria has been suggested as a biocontrol solution. A Dyella-like bacterium (DLB), isolated from the Israeli insect vector of grapevine yellows (Hyalesthes obsoletus), was suggested to be an endophyte. To test this hypothesis, the bacterium was introduced by spraying the plant leaves, and it had no apparent phytotoxicity to grapevine. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis showed that DLB is colonizing grapevine phloem. Because phytoplasmas inhabit the same niche, DLB interactions with this phytopathogen were examined. When the isolate was introduced to phytoplasma-infected Chardonnay plantlets, morphological disease symptoms were markedly reduced. The mode of DLB action was then tested using bioinformatics and system biology tools. DLB genome analysis suggested that the ability to reduce phytoplasma symptoms is related to inhibition of the pathogenic bacterium. These results provide the first step in examining the potential of DLB as a biological control agent against phytoplasmas in grapevine and, possibly, other agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Iasur-Kruh
- First author: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel; first and fifth authors: Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; second author: Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Qiriat Shmona, Israel; third and sixth authors: Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel; fourth author: Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; and sixth author: Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Tirtza Zahavi
- First author: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel; first and fifth authors: Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; second author: Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Qiriat Shmona, Israel; third and sixth authors: Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel; fourth author: Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; and sixth author: Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Roni Barkai
- First author: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel; first and fifth authors: Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; second author: Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Qiriat Shmona, Israel; third and sixth authors: Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel; fourth author: Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; and sixth author: Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Shiri Freilich
- First author: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel; first and fifth authors: Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; second author: Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Qiriat Shmona, Israel; third and sixth authors: Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel; fourth author: Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; and sixth author: Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Einat Zchori-Fein
- First author: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel; first and fifth authors: Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; second author: Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Qiriat Shmona, Israel; third and sixth authors: Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel; fourth author: Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; and sixth author: Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
| | - Vered Naor
- First author: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel; first and fifth authors: Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; second author: Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Qiriat Shmona, Israel; third and sixth authors: Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel; fourth author: Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel; and sixth author: Ohallo College, Katzrin, Israel
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