1
|
Letellier P, Turmine M. Bubble Solution Description by Non-Extensive Thermodynamics: Pressure Effect. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2230-2235. [PMID: 31328380 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We showed in this study that nanobubble solutions should not be considered as the simple juxtaposition of autonomous phases (a solution and bubbles) but as particular entities, that is, "supersaturated solutions" where gas is simultaneously in two forms in permanent exchange. Gibbs' extensive thermodynamics cannot claim to describe legitimately their behavior. In this work, we showed how the use of the non-extensive thermodynamics allows describing the physicochemical properties of such media, some of which are counter-intuitive. Thus, an increase in pressure can result in an increase in the bubble size, contrary to what is provided by Boyle-Mariotte's law. The theoretical relationships proposed in this work constitute another approach to bubble solutions, which considers the non-autonomous nature of the components of supersaturated gas solutions and their "non-extensive" nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Letellier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE), 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Turmine
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE), 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Li X, Ren S, Tedros Alem H, Yang L, Lohse D. Entrapment of interfacial nanobubbles on nano-structured surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5381-5388. [PMID: 28744543 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Spherical-cap-shaped interfacial nanobubbles (NBs) forming on hydrophobic surfaces in aqueous solutions have extensively been studied both from a fundamental point of view and due to their relevance for various practical applications. In this study, the nucleation mechanism of spontaneously generated NBs at solid-liquid interfaces of immersed nanostructured hydrophobic surfaces is studied. Depending on the size and density of the surface nanostructures, NBs with different size and density were reproducibly and deterministically obtained. A two-step process can explain the NB nucleation, based on the crevice model, i.e., entrapped air pockets in surface cavities which grow by diffusion. The results show direct evidence for the spontaneous formation of NBs on a surface at its immersion. Next, the influence of size and shape of the nanostructures on the nucleated NBs are revealed. In particular, on non-circular nanopits we obtain NBs with a non-circular footprint, demonstrating the strong pinning forces at the three-phase contact line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walsh C, Ovenden N, Stride E, Cheema U. Quantification of cell-bubble interactions in a 3D engineered tissue phantom. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6331. [PMID: 28740100 PMCID: PMC5524813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding cell-bubble interactions is crucial for preventing bubble related pathologies and harnessing their potential therapeutic benefits. Bubbles can occur in the body as a result of therapeutic intravenous administration, surgery, infections or decompression. Subsequent interactions with living cells, may result in pathological responses such as decompression sickness (DCS). This work investigates the interactions that occur between bubbles formed during decompression and cells in a 3D engineered tissue phantom. Increasing the tissue phantoms' cellular density resulted in decreased dissolved O2 (DO) concentrations (p = 0.0003) measured using real-time O2 monitoring. Direct microscopic observation of these phantoms, revealed a significant (p = 0.0024) corresponding reduction in bubble nucleation. No significant difference in growth rate or maximum size of the bubbles was measured (p = 0.99 and 0.23). These results show that bubble nucleation is dominated by DO concentration (affected by cellular metabolism), rather than potential nucleation sites provided by cell-surfaces. Consequent bubble growth depends not only on DO concentration but also on competition for dissolved gas. Cell death was found to significantly increase (p = 0.0116) following a bubble-forming decompression. By comparison to 2D experiments; the more biomimetic 3D geometry and extracellular matrix in this work, provide data more applicable for understanding and developing models of in vivo bubble dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Walsh
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), UCL Physics Building Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, London, UK.
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK.
| | - N Ovenden
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - U Cheema
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Papadopoulou V, Eckersley RJ, Balestra C, Karapantsios TD, Tang MX. A critical review of physiological bubble formation in hyperbaric decompression. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 191-192:22-30. [PMID: 23523006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bubbles are known to form in the body after scuba dives, even those done well within the decompression model limits. These can sometimes trigger decompression sickness and the dive protocols should therefore aim to limit bubble formation and growth from hyperbaric decompression. Understanding these processes physiologically has been a challenge for decades and there are a number of questions still unanswered. The physics and historical background of this field of study is presented and the latest studies and current developments reviewed. Heterogeneous nucleation is shown to remain the prime candidate for bubble formation in this context. The two main theories to account for micronuclei stability are then to consider hydrophobicity of surfaces or tissue elasticity, both of which could also explain some physiological observations. Finally the modeling relevance of the bubble formation process is discussed, together with that of bubble growth as well as multiple bubble behavior.
Collapse
|
5
|
Solubility of gas in confined systems. Nonextensive thermodynamics approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 392:382-387. [PMID: 23141697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of the concepts of the nonextensive thermodynamics allows reconsidering the equilibrium of bubble solubilization and more commonly of gaseous aggregates in supersaturated solutions of gas. The introduced relations are general and include as particular cases the equations usually used to describe these phenomena. These equations are discussed. Especially, we specified the domain of application of Kelvin's relation which was illustrated by the solubility of gases in fogs and clouds. Various possibilities of thoughts on the behavior of the gaseous aggregates and nano-systems are proposed. Thus, the introduced relations permit to consider the presence of gaseous aggregates in equilibrium with the solution even for under-saturated solution. Nonextensive thermodynamics admits the notion of negative pressure at the inner of confined phases (solid or liquid).
Collapse
|
6
|
Differentiation at autopsy between in vivo gas embolism and putrefaction using gas composition analysis. Int J Legal Med 2012; 127:437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Stride EP, Coussios CC. Cavitation and contrast: The use of bubbles in ultrasound imaging and therapy. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009; 224:171-91. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbubbles and cavitation are playing an increasingly significant role in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound. Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents have been in clinical use now for more than two decades, stimulating the development of a range of new contrast-specific imaging techniques which offer substantial benefits in echocardiography, microcirculatory imaging, and more recently, quantitative and molecular imaging. In drug delivery and gene therapy, microbubbles are being investigated/developed as vehicles which can be loaded with the required therapeutic agent, traced to the target site using diagnostic ultrasound, and then destroyed with ultrasound of higher intensity energy burst to release the material locally, thus avoiding side effects associated with systemic administration, e.g. of toxic chemotherapy. It has moreover been shown that the motion of the microbubbles increases the permeability of both individual cell membranes and the endothelium, thus enhancing therapeutic uptake, and can locally increase the activity of drugs by enhancing their transport across biologically inaccessible interfaces such as blood clots or solid tumours. In high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery and lithotripsy, controlled cavitation is being investigated as a means of increasing the speed and efficacy of the treatment. The aim of this paper is both to describe the key features of the physical behaviour of acoustically driven bubbles which underlie their effectiveness in biomedical applications and to review the current state of the art.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P Stride
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - C C Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gutvik C, Brubakk A. A Dynamic Two-Phase Model for Vascular Bubble Formation During Decompression of Divers. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:884-9. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2008.2005962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Glavas D, Markotic A, Valic Z, Kovacic N, Palada I, Martinic R, Breskovic T, Bakovic D, Brubakk AO, Dujic Z. Expression of endothelial selectin ligands on human leukocytes following dive. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:1181-8. [PMID: 18535169 DOI: 10.3181/0801-rm-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation after scuba diving often occurs without visible changes in the endothelial layer implies its biochemical origin. Since Lewisx(CD15) and sialyl-Lewisx(CD15s) are granulocyte and monocyte carbohydrate antigens recognized as ligands by endothelial selectins, we assumed that they could be sensitive markers for impaired vasodilatation following diving. Using flow cytometry, we determined the CD15 and CD15s peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eight divers, 30 mins before and 50 mins after a single dive to 54 m for 20 mins bottom time. The number of gas bubbles in the right heart was monitored by ultrasound. Gas bubbles were seen in all eight divers, with the average number of bubbles/cm2 1.9+/-1.9. The proportion of CD15+monocytes increased 2-fold after the dive as well as the subpopulation of monocytes highly expressing CD15s. The absolute number of monocytes was slightly, but not significantly, increased after the dive, whereas the absolute number of granulocytes was markedly elevated (up to 61%). There were no significant correlations between bubble formation and CD15+monocyte expression (r=-0.56; P=0.17), as well as with monocytes highly expressing CD15s (r=0.43; P=0.29). This study suggests that biochemical changes induced by scuba diving primarily activate existing monocytes rather than increase the number of monocytes at a time of acute arterial endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duska Glavas
- Department of Cardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chappell MA, Payne SJ. A physiological model of the release of gas bubbles from crevices under decompression. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2006; 153:166-80. [PMID: 16309977 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Moving bubbles have been observed in the blood during or after decompression using ultrasonic techniques. It has been proposed that these may grow from nuclei housed on the blood vessel wall. One candidate for bubble nucleation is hydrophobic crevices. This work explores the growth of gas pockets that might exist in conical crevices and the release of bubbles from these crevices under decompression. An existing dynamic mathematical model for the stability of gas pockets in crevices [Chappell, M.A., Payne, S.J., in press. A physiological model of gas pockets in crevices and their behavior under compression. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol.] is extended to include the behavior as the gas pocket reaches the crevice mouth and bubbles seed into the bloodstream. The behavior of the crevice bubble is explored for a single inert gas, both alone and with metabolic gases included. It was found that the presence of metabolic gases has a significant effect on the behavior under decompression and that this appears to be due to the high diffusivity of these gases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Chappell
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|