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Liang X, Xie Y, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Jian W, Jiang M, Wang H, Zheng J. Estimation of lung age via a spline method and its application in chronic respiratory diseases. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2022; 32:36. [PMID: 36175436 PMCID: PMC9522795 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-022-00293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung age is a simplified concept that makes spirometry data easier to understand, but it is not widely used due to limitations in estimation methods. The aim of this study was to develop new equations to estimate lung age and to explore the application value of lung age in chronic respiratory diseases. Retrospective spirometric data of 18- to 80-year-old healthy subjects were used to develop the lung age estimation equations. Models were respectively built by multiple linear regression, piecewise linear regression, and the natural cubic spline method. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma were subdivided into stages I–IV according to the severity of airflow limitation under the recommendation of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Propensity score matching was performed to balance age, height and sex between healthy subjects and patients. The difference between lung age and chronological age (∆ lung age) of patients with COPD and asthma was analyzed. A total of 3409 healthy subjects, 280 patients with COPD and 285 patients with asthma data were included in the analysis. The lung age estimation equation with the best goodness of fit was built by the spline method and composed of FEV1, FEF50%, FEF75% and height as explanatory variables. ∆ lung age progressively increased with the degree of airflow limitation in patients with COPD or asthma. Lung age estimation equations were developed by a spline modeling method. Lung age may be used in the assessment of chronic respiratory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Jian
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Healthcare; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jinping Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Al-Qerem W, Gassar ES, Hammad AM, Al-Qirim RA, Jarrar YB, Ling J, Basheti IA. Assessing the Application of the Reference Lung Age Equations on the Jordanian Population. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666190112151713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Al-Qerem
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ezeddin S. Gassar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa M. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rania A. Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun B. Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing University of Sunderland, England, United Kingdom
| | - Iman A. Basheti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Ben Khelifa M, Ben Saad H. [Which reference equation should be applied to estimate the lung age?]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:997-998. [PMID: 29784503 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ben Khelifa
- Service de pneumologie, EPS Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - H Ben Saad
- Laboratoire de physiologie, faculté de médecine « Ibn Elijazzar » de Sousse, université de Sousse, avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4000 Sousse, Tunisie; Laboratoire de recherche « insuffisance cardiaque, LR12SP09 », EPS Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie.
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Khelifa MB, Salem HB, Sfaxi R, Chatti S, Rouatbi S, Saad HB. “Spirometric” lung age reference equations: A narrative review. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 247:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Novel equations better predict lung age: a retrospective analysis using two cohorts of participants with medical check-up examinations in Japan. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2015; 25:15011. [PMID: 25789796 PMCID: PMC4373493 DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lung age equations developed by the Japanese Respiratory Society encounter several problems when being applied in a clinical setting. Aims: To establish novel spirometry-derived lung age (SDL age) equations using data from a large number of Japanese healthy never-smokers with normal spirometric measurements and normal body mass indices (BMIs). Methods: The participants had undergone medical check-ups at the Center for Preventive Medicine of St Luke's International Hospital between 2004 and 2012. A total of 15,238 Japanese participants (5,499 males and 9,739 females) were chosen for the discovery cohort. The other independent 2,079 individuals were selected for the validation cohort. The original method of Morris and Temple was applied to the discovery cohort. Results: As a result of the linear regression analysis for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), spirometric variables using forced vital capacity (FVC) improved the adjusted R2 values to greater than 0.8. On the basis of the scatter plots between chronological age and SDL age, the best model included the equations using FEV1 and %FVC in females and males (R2=0.66 and 0.55, respectively), which was confirmed by the validation cohort. The following equations were developed: SDL age (females)=0.84×%FVC+50.2–40×FEV1 (l) and SDL age (males)=1.00×%FVC+50.7–33.3×FEV1 (l). Conclusions: This study produced novel SDL age equations for Japanese adults using data from a large number of healthy never-smokers with both normal spirometric measurements and BMIs.
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Ben Saad H, Selmi H, Hadj Mabrouk K, Gargouri I, Nouira A, Said Latiri H, Maatoug C, Bouslah H, Chatti S, Rouatbi S. Spirometric “Lung Age” estimation for North African population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ben Saad H, Elhraiech A, Hadj Mabrouk K, Ben Mdalla S, Essghaier M, Maatoug C, Abdelghani A, Bouslah H, Charrada A, Rouatbi S. Estimated lung age in healthy North African adults cannot be predicted using reference equations derived from other populations. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Yamaguchi K, Omori H, Onoue A, Katoh T, Ogata Y, Kawashima H, Onizawa S, Tsuji T, Aoshiba K, Nagai A. Novel regression equations predicting lung age from varied spirometric parameters. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 183:108-14. [PMID: 22750572 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although lung age calculated backward from regression formulas constructed for FEV(1) estimation is widely used, it possesses a couple of faults. We developed novel equations predicting lung age from varied spirometric parameters (spirometry-derived lung age (SDL-age)). Applying multiple regression analysis, equations predicting SDL-age were invented using data from 8015 never-smokers with normal spirometry (group I). Validation was made based on data from 6398 never-smokers with normal spirometry (group II). Equations were further applied for 446 subjects with airflow limitation. FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC, FEF(50), and PEF were selected as explanatory variables for reference value of SDL-age. Normal limits of difference between SDL-age and chronological-age were ± 13.4 years in the male and ± 15.0 years in the female. Established equations predicted SDL-age of group II. SDL-age was older than chronological-age only in subjects with severe airflow limitation. Novel regression equations allowing prediction of reference value of SDL-age and normal limits of difference between SDL-age and chronological-age were elaborated in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Comprehensive and Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Station Port Tower 4F, Nishi-Nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-0013, Japan.
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