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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Oxidative stress in retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group and impairment of central chemoreception in rat offspring exposed to maternal cigarette smoke. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:35-41. [PMID: 33383163 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that smoking during pregnancy is associated with deficit in neonatal central chemoreception. However, the underlying mechanism is not well clarified. In this study, we developed a rat model of maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Pregnant rats were exposed to CS during gestational day 1-20. Offspring were studied on postnatal day 2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and expressions of antioxidant proteins in retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG) were examined by fluorogenic dye MitoSOX™ Red and Western blotting, respectively. The response of hypoglossal rootlets discharge to acidification was also detected with micro-injection of H2O2 into RTN/pFRG of offspring brainstem slices in vitro. Results showed that maternal CS exposure led to an increase in ROS production, and brought about decreases in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, and an increase in NF-E2-related factor 2 in offspring RTN/pFRG. Catalase and glutathione reductase expressions were not significantly changed. Moreover, oxidative stress induced by micro-injection of H2O2 into RTN/pFRG in vitro inhibited the discharge response of hypoglossal rootlets to acidification. These findings suggest that maternal CS exposure results in oxidative stress in RTN/pFRG of rat offspring, which might play a role in the impairment of central chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Wang J, Lei F, Fu YT, Zheng Y. Effect of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure on sevoflurane-induced respiratory suppression in neonatal rats and the protective role of hydrogen sulfide. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 284:103582. [PMID: 33197605 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure causes numerous respiratory health problems in infants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal CS exposure on sevoflurane-induced respiratory suppression in neonatal rats and the protective role of H2S. We found that at baseline, minute ventilation (V'E), respiratory frequency (fR), and tidal volume (VT) were similar among tested groups, whereas sigh frequency (fS) was lower in CS group than in the Control group. During 3 % sevoflurane anesthesia, V'E was decreased, fR was slowed, VT was increased, and fS was reduced in all groups; however, the decline in fR and increase in VT was greater in CS group than in the Control group. During the recovery, fS remained lower in CS group. The above changes of respiratory response caused by prenatal CS exposure were alleviated by NaHS pretreatment (a donor of H2S, 56 μmol/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection). These results indicated that prenatal CS exposure alters the breathing into a much slower and deeper manner in neonatal rats during sevoflurane anesthesia, and H2S mitigates this respiratory change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, PR China
| | - Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ya-Ting Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial KATP channels contribute to the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against impairment of central chemoreception of rat offspring exposed to maternal cigarette smoke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237643. [PMID: 33064729 PMCID: PMC7567348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure resulted in impairment of central chemoreception and induced mitochondrial dysfunction in offspring parafacial respiratory group (pFRG), the kernel for mammalian central chemoreception. We also found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could attenuate maternal CS exposure-induced impairment of central chemoreception in the rat offspring in vivo. Mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel has been reported to play a significant role in mitochondrial functions and protect against apoptosis in neurons. Thus, we hypothesize here that mitoKATP channel plays a role in the protective effects of H2S on neonatal central chemoreception in maternal CS-exposed rats. Our findings revealed that pretreatment with NaHS (donor of H2S, 22.4mM) reversed the central chemosensitivity decreased by maternal CS exposure, and also inhibited cell apoptosis in offspring pFRG, however, 5-HD (blocker of mitoKATP channels, 19mM) attenuated the protective effects of NaHS. In addition, NaHS declined pro-apoptotic proteins related to mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in CS rat offspring pFRG, such as Bax, Cytochrome C, caspase9 and caspase3. NaHS or 5-HD alone had no significant effect on above indexes. These results suggest that mitoKATP channels play an important role in the protective effect of H2S against impairment of central chemoreception via anti-apoptosis in pFRG of rat offspring exposed to maternal CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Zuo JX, Li M, Jiang L, Lan F, Tang YY, Kang X, Zou W, Wang CY, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Sleep Deprivation-Induced Hippocampal Damage by Upregulation of Sirt1 in the Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:169. [PMID: 32218719 PMCID: PMC7078349 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) induces hippocampal damage. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a neuronal protective factor. Silence information regulating factor 1 (Sirt1) plays an important role in neuroprotection. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring whether H2S meliorates SD-induced hippocampal damage and whether Sirt1 mediates this protective role of H2S. We found that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) alleviated SD-generated hippocampal oxidative stress, including increases in the activation of SOD and the level of GSH as well as a decrease in the level of MDA. Meanwhile, we found that NaHS reduced SD-exerted hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Stress, including downregulations of GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved-caspase-12 expression. Moreover, NaHS reduced the apoptosis in the SD-exposed hippocampus, and this included decreases in the number of apoptotic cells and the activation of caspase-3, downregulation of Bax expression, and upregulation of Bcl-2 expression. NaHS upregulated the expression of Sirt1 in the hippocampus of SD-exposed rats. Furthermore, Sirtinol, the inhibitor of Sirt1, abrogated the protection of NaHS against SD-exerted hippocampal oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis. These results suggested that H2S alleviates SD-induced hippocampal damage by upregulation of hippocampal Sirt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xi Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fang Lan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi-Yun Tang
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuan Kang
- Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Maternal cigarette smoke exposure disturbs glutamate/GABA balance in pFRG of neonatal rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 274:103383. [PMID: 31923590 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure resulted in impairment of central chemoreception and oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of parafacial respiratory group (pFRG, a critical site for mammalian central chemoreception) in neonatal rats. The present work was carried out to identify if maternal CS exposure could disturb the glutamate (GLU)-ergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic balance in pFRG of neonatal rats. We found that maternal CS exposure induced a decrease in GLU content and consequently in GLU/GABA ratio in pFRG of neonatal rats. Maternal CS exposure also decreased glutamine content and glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activity in offspring pFRG. In addition, expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 was depressed, and those of glutamate transporter 1 and GABA transporter 3 were elevated by maternal CS exposure. These results indicate that maternal CS exposure leads to a disturbance of GLU/GABA balance in pFRG of the neonatal rats, which might contribute to the suppression of central chemoreception in maternal CS-exposed offspring.
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Yan X, Zhao F, Zhang S, Lei F, Wang W, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates disorders in the parafacial respiratory group region of neonatal rats caused by prenatal cigarette smoke exposure via an antioxidative effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:80-90. [PMID: 30878717 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ameliorated the dysfunction of central chemoreception caused by prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (CSE). In the present study, we further explored whether the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) is involved in the protection of central chemoreception by H2S against prenatal CSE-induced injury. We found that NaHS, a donor of H2S, restored the expression of Phox2b, which was downregulated by prenatal CSE, in the pFRG region of neonatal rats. NaHS also relieved the prenatal CSE-induced excitatory synapse disturbance in the pFRG region of neonatal rats. Additionally, NaHS prevented the increase in the malondialdehyde level and suppression of antioxidase activity in the pFRG region of neonatal rats induced by prenatal CSE. Furthermore, NaHS prevented the downregulation of the expression of antioxidases and Nrf2 in the pFRG region of neonatal rats with prenatal CSE. These results suggest that H2S can protect the pFRG of neonatal rats against prenatal CSE-induced injury via an antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Senfeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China.
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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in parafacial respiratory group induced by maternal cigarette smoke exposure in rat offspring. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:169-176. [PMID: 30193892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure negatively affects neurodevelopment. We established a CS exposure rat model to determine how maternal CS exposure induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) essential to central chemoreceptive regulation of normal breathing. Pregnant rats were exposed to CS during gestational days 1-20, and the offspring were studied on postnatal day 2. Our data showed that maternal CS exposure resulted in elevated accumulation of ROS, which left a footprint on DNA and lipid with increases in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde contents. Furthermore, maternal CS exposure induced decreases in manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities as well as reduction in glutathione content in pFRG in the offspring. Moreover, maternal exposure to CS led to mitochondrial ultrastructure changes, mitochondrial swelling, reduction in ATP generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number. These findings suggest that maternal exposure to CS alters normal development of pFRG that is critical for normal respiratory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Zhao F, Lei F, Zhang S, Yan X, Wang W, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates placental injury induced by maternal cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 74:102-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yan X, Lei F, Hu Y, Nie L, Jia Q, Zhou H, Zhao F, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide protects neonatal rat medulla oblongata against prenatal cigarette smoke exposure via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:151-158. [PMID: 29274628 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protected neonatal rat medulla oblongata from prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) via anti-apoptotic effect. The present work further investigated the involvement of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of H2S in the protection. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into NaCl, CSE, CSE + NaHS (a donor of H2S) and NaHS groups. All the tests were performed with corresponding neonatal rats. Nissl staining revealed that NaHS treatment ameliorated neuronal chromatolysis in the hypoglossal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus resulted from prenatal CSE. Moreover, NaHS eliminated decrease of glutathione level, increase of malondialdehyde content and inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity within neonatal rat medulla oblongata caused by prenatal CSE. NaHS also relieved the up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the medulla oblongata of the neonatal CSE rats. These results suggest that H2S can alleviate prenatal CSE-induced injuries of neonatal rat medulla oblongata through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lihong Nie
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 Ningxia, PR China
| | - Qingyi Jia
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China.
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Zhang S, Lei F, Zhao F, Yan X, Wang W, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates prenatal cigarette smoke exposure-induced impairment of respiratory responses to hypercapnia in neonatal rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 243:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arecoline Induces Neurotoxicity to PC12 Cells: Involvement in ER Stress and Disturbance of Endogenous H2S Generation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2140-8. [PMID: 27255601 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Arecoline is a major alkaloid of areca nut and has been effect on central nervous system. Although arecoline-induced neurotoxicity has been reported, the possible underlying neurotoxic mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Increasing evidences have shown that both excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disturbance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production are involved in the pathophysiology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the purpose of present study was to verify whether ER stress and the disturbance of endogenous H2S generation are also involved in arecoline-caused neurotoxicity. We found that treatment of PC12 cells with arecoline induced the down-regulation of cells viability and up-regulation of apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3, indicating the neurotoxic role of arecoline to PC12 cells. In addition, arecoline also increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic protein) and attenuated the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) in PC12 cells. Simultaneously, arecoline caused excessive ER stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulations of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12 expressions. Notably, the level of H2S in the culture supernatant and the expressions of cystathionine β-synthase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (two major enzymes for endogenous H2S generation in PC12 cells) were also reduced by arecoline treatment. These results indicate that arecoline-caused neurotoxicity to PC12 cells is involved in ER stress and disturbance of endogenous H2S generation and suggest that the modulation of ER stress and endogenous H2S generation may be potential therapeutic approach in treatment of arecoline-caused neurotoxicity.
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Li H, Chen L, Hou X, Zhou H, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates hypoxia-induced respiratory suppression in anesthetized adult rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 220:1-9. [PMID: 26365007 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study in vitro showed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could protect the medullary respiratory centers from injury induced by acute hypoxia in brainstem slices of neonatal rats. The present study was carried out to determine if H2S could exhibit similar protective effects in adult rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms of its protection. It was observed that hypoxia induced a diphasic respiratory response, an excitatory phase followed by an inhibitory one, as indicated by an increase followed by a decrease in frequency of rhythmic discharge of the diaphragm. Nissl staining revealed that some of the neurons in the medullary respiratory related nuclei were impaired in hypoxia rats. Hypoxia led to increases in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as a decrease in the level of Bcl-2 mRNA of the medulla oblongata. Intracerebroventricular injection of 2.5mM NaHS (a donor of H2S) or L-cysteine (L-Cys, a substrate for H2S) could prevent inhibitory respiratory effect occurred in the rats with hypoxia. Exogenous application of NaHS and L-Cys could also reduce the content of MDA and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and increase the level of Bcl-2 mRNA expression of medulla oblongata caused by hypoxia. These results indicate that H2S could protect the medullary respiratory centers against injury induced by acute hypoxia in adult rats partly due to its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuefei Hou
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Lei F, Yan X, Zhao F, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Zhou H, Zheng Y. Impairment of Central Chemoreception in Neonatal Rats Induced by Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137362. [PMID: 26333001 PMCID: PMC4557912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) increases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome. The victims of infant death syndrome suffer from respiratory abnormalities, such as central apnea, diminished chemoreflex and alteration in respiratory pattern during sleep. However, no experimental evidence on CSE model exists to confirm whether prenatal CSE gives rise to reduction of neonatal central chemoreception in in vitro preparations in absence of peripheral sensory feedback. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maternal CSE during pregnancy depresses central chemoreception of the neonatal rats. The pregnant rats were divided into two groups, control (n = 8) and CSE (n = 8). Experiments were performed on neonatal (0-3days) rat pups. Fictive respiratory activity was monitored by recording the rhythmic discharge from the hypoglossal rootlets of the medullary slices obtained from the neonatal rats. The burst frequency (BF) and integrated amplitude (IA) of the discharge were analyzed. Their responses to acidified artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) were tested to indicate the change of the central chemosensitivity. Under condition of perfusing with standard aCSF (pH 7.4), no significant difference was detected between the two groups in either BF or IA (P>0.05). Under condition of perfusing with acidified aCSF (pH 7.0), BF was increased and IA was decreased in both groups (P<0.01). However, their change rates in the CSE group were obviously smaller than that in the control group, 66.98 ± 10.11% vs. 143.75 ± 15.41% for BF and -22.38 ± 2.51% vs. -44.90 ± 3.92% for IA (P<0.01). In conclusion, these observations, in a prenatal CSE model, provide important evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy exerts adverse effects on central chemoreception of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Senfeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qilan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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