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Gleixner S, Zahn I, Dietrich J, Singh S, Drobny A, Schneider Y, Schwendner R, Socher E, Blavet N, Bräuer L, Gostian AO, Balk M, Schulze-Tanzil G, Günther C, Paulsen F, Arnold P. A New Immortalized Human Lacrimal Gland Cell Line. Cells 2024; 13:622. [PMID: 38607061 PMCID: PMC11011892 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is crucial for maintaining ocular health by producing the aqueous component of the tear film, which hydrates and nourishes the ocular surface. Decreased production of this component results in dry eye disease, a condition affecting over 250 million people worldwide. However, the scarcity of primary human material for studying its underlying mechanisms and the absence of a cell model for human lacrimal gland epithelial cells present significant challenges. Here, we describe the generation of immortalized human lacrimal gland cell lines through the introduction of an SV40 antigen. We successfully isolated and characterized three cell clones from a female lacrimal gland donor, confirming their epithelial identity through genomic and protein analyses, including PCR, RNAseq, immunofluorescence and cultivation in a 3D spheroid model. Our findings represent a significant advancement, providing improved accessibility to investigate the molecular pathogenesis mechanisms of dry eye disease and potential therapeutic interventions. We identified the expression of typical epithelial cell marker genes and demonstrated the cells' capability to form 2D cell sheets and 3D spheroids. This establishment of immortalized human lacrimal gland cells with epithelial characteristics holds promise for future comprehensive studies, contributing to a deeper understanding of dry eye disease and its cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gleixner
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Zahn
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Swati Singh
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
- Hariram Motumal Nasta & Renu Hariram Nasta Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphael Schwendner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Bräuer
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Merciful Brothers Hospital St. Elisabeth, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Balk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
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Lau HC, Passalacqua I, Jung JH, Kwon Y, Zocco D, Park SS, Oh SW. Unraveling the surface marker signature of cell-derived vesicles via proteome analysis and nanoparticle flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 38167556 PMCID: PMC10762029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell-derived vesicles (CDVs) obtained using a proprietary extrusion process are the foundation of BioDrone platform technology. With superior productivity and versatility, this technology has garnered increasing attention in broad applications, particularly as a drug delivery vehicle. Previously, we showed that CDVs exhibited varying levels of expression for tetraspanin and organelle membrane markers while revealing no discernible differences in physical characteristics compared to naturally produced extracellular vesicles (EVs). To further understand and utilize the therapeutic potentials of CDVs, a more comprehensive study of membrane protein profiles is necessary. In addition, it is crucial to validate that the CDVs produced from extrusion are indeed intact lipid vesicles rather than other impurities. Here, we produced multiple batches of CDVs and EVs from HEK293 cells. CDVs and EVs were subjected to the same purification processes for subsequent proteome and particle analyses. The proteome analyses revealed unique proteome signatures between CDVs, EVs, and parental cells. Extensive proteome analyses identified the nine most prominent membrane markers that are abundant in CDVs compared to cells and EVs. Subsequent western blotting and nanoparticle flow cytometry analyses confirmed that CD63, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1), and nicastrin (NCSTN) are highly enriched in CDVs, whereas CD81, CD9, and prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (PTGFRN) are more abundant in EVs. This highlights the unique membrane composition and marker signature of CDVs that are distinct from EVs. Lastly, we demonstrated that more than 90% of the CDVs are genuine lipid vesicles by combining two different classes of vesicle labeling dyes and detergents to disrupt lipid membranes. This indicates that our proprietary extrusion technology is highly compatible with other well-characterized EV production methods. The robust CDV markers identified in this study will also facilitate the engineering of CDVs to achieve enhanced therapeutic effects or tissue-selective cargo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chong Lau
- BioDrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jik-Han Jung
- BioDrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yerim Kwon
- BioDrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sung-Soo Park
- BioDrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Wook Oh
- BioDrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
- BioDrone Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, USA.
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