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Pei W, Fu L, Guo W, Wang Y, Fan Y, Yang R, Li R, Qiao J, Yu Y. Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ovarian ageing in a mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:96. [PMID: 38570892 PMCID: PMC10988907 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian ageing is one of the major issues that impacts female fertility. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has made impressive progress in recent years. However, the efficacy and safety of MSCs, as nonautologous components, remain to be further verified. METHODS Two common sources of MSCs, umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs), were orthotopically transplanted into a mouse model of ovarian ageing to evaluate their therapeutic effects. The safety of the treatment was further evaluated, and RNA sequencing was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms involved. RESULTS After orthotopic transplantation of MSCs into the ovary, the oestrous cycle, ovarian weight, number and proportion of primary follicles, granulosa cell proliferation, and angiogenesis were improved. The effects of AD-MSCs were superior to those of UC-MSCs in several indices, such as post-transplant granulosa cell proliferation, ovarian weight and angiogenesis. Moreover, the tumorigenesis, acute toxicity, immunogenicity and biodistribution of MSCs were evaluated, and both AD-MSCs and UC-MSCs were found to possess high safety profiles. Through RNA sequencing analysis, enhancement of the MAPK cascade was observed, and long-term effects were mainly linked to the activation of immune function. CONCLUSIONS Orthotopic transplantation of MSCs displays significant efficacy and high safety for the treatment of ovarian ageing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Pei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenhuan Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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2
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Hanai H, Hart DA, Jacob G, Shimomura K, Ando W, Yoshioka Y, Ochiya T, Nakagawa S, Nakamura M, Okada S, Nakamura N. Small extracellular vesicles derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in a new chemically-defined contaminate-free media exhibit enhanced biological and therapeutic effects on human chondrocytes in vitro and in a mouse osteoarthritis model. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12337. [PMID: 37367299 PMCID: PMC10295161 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) have been reported to suppress the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in animal studies and subsequently, translation of this potential to assess their clinical efficacy is anticipated. However, fabrication protocols for sEVs to eliminate potential contamination by culture medium-derived components need to be established prior to their clinical use. The purpose of the present studies was to elucidate the influence of medium-derived contaminants on the biological effects of sEVs, and to establish isolation methods for sEVs using a new clinical grade chemically-defined media (CDM). The quantity and purity of ASC-derived sEVs cultured in four different CDMs (CDM1, 2, 3 and 4) were evaluated. The concentrates of the four media incubated without cells were used as the background (BG) control for each set of sEVs. The biological effect of sEVs fabricated in the four different CDMs on normal human articular chondrocytes (hACs) were evaluated in vitro using a variety of methodological assessments. Finally, the sEVs with the highest purity were tested for their ability to suppress the progression of knee OA mouse model. Analysis of the BG controls revealed that CDM1-3 contained detectable particles, while there was no visible contamination of culture media-derived components detected with CDM4. Accordingly, the sEVs fabricated with CDM4 (CDM4-sEVs) exhibited the highest purity and yield. Notably, the CDM4-sEVs were the most efficient in promoting the cellular proliferation, migration, chondrogenic differentiation, and anti-apoptotic activity of hACs. Furthermore, CDM4-sEVs significantly suppressed the osteochondral degeneration in vivo model. Small EVs derived from ASCs cultured in a CDM without detectable contaminants demonstrated enhanced biological effects on hACs and the progression of OA. Thus, sEVs isolated with CDM4 most optimally meet the requirements of efficacy and safety for assessment in their future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hanai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - David A Hart
- Department of Surgery and the McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - George Jacob
- Department of Orthopaedics, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Kerala, India
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinicihi Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Cordani N, Lisini D, Coccè V, Paglia G, Meanti R, Cerrito MG, Tettamanti P, Bonaffini L, Paino F, Alessandri G, Marcianti A, Giannì A, Villa C, Mauri M, Mologni L, Torsello A, Pessina A, Cazzaniga ME. Conditioned Medium of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Loaded with Paclitaxel Is Effective in Preclinical Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065864. [PMID: 36982938 PMCID: PMC10058623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive disease even in its early stages and is characterized by a severe prognosis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one of the milestones of treatment, and paclitaxel (PTX) is among the most active drugs used in this setting. However, despite its efficacy, peripheral neuropathy occurs in approximately 20-25% of cases and represents the dose-limiting toxicity of this drug. New deliverable strategies to ameliorate drug delivery and reduce side effects are keenly awaited to improve patients' outcomes. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have recently been demonstrated as promising drug delivery vectors for cancer treatment. The aim of the present preclinical study is to explore the possibility of a cell therapy approach based on the use of MSCs loaded with PTX to treat TNBC-affected patients. For this purpose, we in vitro evaluated the viability, migration and colony formation of two TNBC cell lines, namely, MDA-MB-231 and BT549, treated with MSC-PTX conditioned medium (MSC-CM PTX) in comparison with both CM of MSCs not loaded with PTX (CTRL) and free PTX. We observed stronger inhibitory effects on survival, migration and tumorigenicity for MSC-CM PTX than for CTRL and free PTX in TNBC cell lines. Further studies will provide more information about activity and potentially open the possibility of using this new drug delivery vector in the context of a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cordani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Lisini
- Cell Therapy Production Unit-UPTC, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Coccè
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Tettamanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Bonaffini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Marcianti
- Cell Therapy Production Unit-UPTC, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Giannì
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Mario Mauri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Phase 1 Research Centre, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Orozco-Solares TE, León-Moreno LC, Rojas-Rizo A, Manguart-Paez K, Caplan AI. Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based treatments legislation in Latin America: The need for standardization in a medical tourism context. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:143-162. [PMID: 35216516 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal Signaling Cells (MSCs) secrete bioactive molecules with paracrine effects. These cells are widely used in basic and clinical research to treat several human diseases and medically relevant conditions. Although there are promising results, only a few treatments are approved of its administration, and clinicians should not underestimate the potential risks of its application without proper authorization. However, some treatments advertised mainly through the internet are not supported by solid or rigorous scientific evidence, legal consent, or the assurance of safety and efficacy, especially in the cell therapy tourism space. This practice allows patients to travel from stringently regulated countries to less restricted ones and increases the flourishing of non-endorsed therapies in these regions. Clinical applications of MSC-based treatments are subject to health legislation, and regulatory agencies are responsible for supervising their manufacture, quality control, and marketing approval. Consensus is needed to homologize and strengthen health legislation regarding those therapies, particularly in regions where medical tourism is frequent. Latin America and the Caribbean, an overlooked region with very heterogeneous legislation regarding cell therapy, is a popular medical tourism destination. Brazil and Argentina created regulations to supervise cell-based treatments manufacture, quality, and marketing. While Mexico, considered the second-largest drug market in Latin America, does not recognize nor authorize any cells as therapy. Also, some regulatory bodies miss the importance of several critical GMP processes to ensure reproducible, reliable, safe, and potentially more favorable results and do not consider them in their legislation. These inconsistencies make the region vulnerable to unproven or unethical treatments, potentially becoming a public health problem involving people from countries worldwide. This review attempts to generate awareness for the legal status of cell therapies in Latin America and the need for standardization as this region is a significant medical tourism destination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilia Carolina León-Moreno
- Universidad de Guadalajara, 27802, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Provida Salud Integral, Research and Development, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Andrea Rojas-Rizo
- Provida Salud Integral, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Bank, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Karen Manguart-Paez
- Provida Salud Integral, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Bank, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Case Western Reserve University, 2546, Department of Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States;
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5
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Inhibition of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Growth by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061427. [PMID: 34201002 PMCID: PMC8227879 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor that has a significant incidence related to asbestos exposure with no effective therapy and poor prognosis. The role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cancer is controversial due to their opposite effects on tumor growth and in particular, only a few data are reported on MSCs and MPM. METHODS We investigated the in vitro efficacy of adipose tissue-derived MSCs, their lysates and secretome against different MPM cell lines. After large-scale production of MSCs in a bioreactor, their efficacy was also evaluated on a human MPM xenograft in mice. RESULTS MSCs, their lysate and secretome inhibited MPM cell proliferation in vitro with S or G0/G1 arrest of the cell cycle, respectively. MSC lysate induced cell death by apoptosis. The efficacy of MSC was confirmed in vivo by a significant inhibition of tumor growth, similar to that produced by systemic administration of paclitaxel. Interestingly, no tumor progression was observed after the last MSC treatment, while tumors started to grow again after stopping chemotherapeutic treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated for the first time that MSCs, both through paracrine and cell-to-cell interaction mechanisms, induced a significant inhibition of human mesothelioma growth. Since the prognosis for MPM patients is poor and the options of care are limited to chemotherapy, MSCs could provide a potential new therapeutic approach for this malignancy.
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Posada-González M, Villagrasa A, García-Arranz M, Vorwald P, Olivera R, Olmedillas-López S, Vega-Clemente L, Salcedo G, García-Olmo D. Comparative Analysis Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Omentum in Three Types of Patients: Cancer, Morbid Obese and Healthy Control. Surg Innov 2021; 29:9-21. [PMID: 33929270 DOI: 10.1177/15533506211013142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The aims of this study are to compare 2 origins of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (omentum and subcutaneous) from 2 pathologies (morbid obesity and cancer) vs healthy donors. Adipose tissue has revealed to be the ideal MSC source. However, in developing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for clinical use, it is important to consider the effects of different fat depots and also the effect of donor variability. Methods. We isolated and characterized the membrane markers and differentiation capacities of ASCs obtained from patients with these diseases and different origin. During the culture period, we further analysed the cells' proliferation capacity in an in vitro assay as well as their secretome. Results. Adipose-derived stem cells isolated from obese and cancer patients have mesenchymal phenotype and similar cell proliferation as ASCs derived from healthy donors, some higher in cells derived from subcutaneous fat. However, cells from these 2 types of patients do not have the same differentiation potential, especially in cancer patients from omentum, and exhibit distinct secretion of both pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, which could explain the differences in use due to origin as well as pathology associated with the donor. Conclusion. Subcutaneous and omentum ASCs are slightly different; omentum generates fewer cells but with greater anti-inflammatory capacity. Adipose-derived stem cells from patients with either obesity or cancer are slightly altered, which limits their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Posada-González
- Department of Surgery, 16436University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villagrasa
- New Therapies Laboratory, 218187Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, 218187Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, 16722Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Vorwald
- Department of Surgery, 16436University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Olivera
- New Therapies Laboratory, 218187Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, 218187Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Vega-Clemente
- New Therapies Laboratory, 218187Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Salcedo
- Department of Surgery, 16436University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Department of Surgery, 16436University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,New Therapies Laboratory, 218187Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, 16722Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Phenotypical Characterization and Neurogenic Differentiation of Rabbit Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030431. [PMID: 33802902 PMCID: PMC8002684 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the rabbit is a frequently used biological model, the phenotype of rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAT-MSCs) is not well characterized. One of the reasons is the absence of specific anti-rabbit antibodies. The study aimed to characterize rAT-MSCs using flow cytometry and PCR methods, especially digital droplet PCR, which confirmed the expression of selected markers at the mRNA level. A combination of these methods validated the expression of MSCs markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105). In addition, cells were also positive for CD49f, vimentin, desmin, α-SMA, ALDH and also for the pluripotent markers: NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2. Moreover, the present study proved the ability of rAT-MSCs to differentiate into a neurogenic lineage based on the confirmed expression of neuronal markers ENO2 and MAP2. Obtained results suggest that rAT-MSCs have, despite the slight differences in marker expression, the similar phenotype as human AT-MSCs and possess the neurodifferentiation ability. Accordingly, rAT-MSCs should be subjected to further studies with potential application in veterinary medicine but also, in case of their cryopreservation, as a source of genetic information of endangered species stored in the gene bank.
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Avanzini MA, Mura M, Percivalle E, Bastaroli F, Croce S, Valsecchi C, Lenta E, Nykjaer G, Cassaniti I, Bagnarino J, Baldanti F, Zecca M, Comoli P, Gnecchi M. Human mesenchymal stromal cells do not express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and are not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:636-642. [PMID: 33188579 PMCID: PMC7753681 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti‐inflammatory and immune‐modulatory therapies have been proposed for the treatment of COVID‐19 and its most serious complications. Among others, the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is under investigation given their well‐documented anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, some critical issues regarding the possibility that MSCs could be infected by the virus have been raised. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) are the main host cell factors for the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), entry, but so far it is unclear if human MSCs do or do not express these two proteins. To elucidate these important aspects, we evaluated if human MSCs from both fetal and adult tissues constitutively express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and, most importantly, if they can be infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. We evaluated human MSCs derived from amnios, cord blood, cord tissue, adipose tissue, and bone marrow. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed by the SARS‐CoV‐2‐permissive human pulmonary Calu‐3 cell line but not by all the MSCs tested. MSCs were then exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 wild strain without evidence of cytopathic effect. Moreover, we also excluded that the MSCs could be infected without showing lytic effects since their conditioned medium after SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure did not contain viral particles. Our data, demonstrating that MSCs derived from different human tissues are not permissive to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, support the safety of MSCs as potential therapy for COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Avanzini
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Mura
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bastaroli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Croce
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,General Surgery I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Lenta
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Nykjaer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Bagnarino
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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9
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Automated Large-Scale Production of Paclitaxel Loaded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cell Therapy Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050411. [PMID: 32365861 PMCID: PMC7284468 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prepared as advanced therapies medicinal products (ATMPs) have been widely used for the treatment of different diseases. The latest developments concern the possibility to use MSCs as carrier of molecules, including chemotherapeutic drugs. Taking advantage of their intrinsic homing feature, MSCs may improve drugs localization in the disease area. However, for cell therapy applications, a significant number of MSCs loaded with the drug is required. We here investigate the possibility to produce a large amount of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant MSCs loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel (MSCs-PTX), using a closed bioreactor system. Cells were obtained starting from 13 adipose tissue lipoaspirates. All samples were characterized in terms of number/viability, morphology, growth kinetics, and immunophenotype. The ability of MSCs to internalize PTX as well as the antiproliferative activity of the MSCs-PTX in vitro was also assessed. The results demonstrate that our approach allows a large scale expansion of cells within a week; the MSCs-PTX, despite a different morphology from MSCs, displayed the typical features of MSCs in terms of viability, adhesion capacity, and phenotype. In addition, MSCs showed the ability to internalize PTX and finally to kill cancer cells, inhibiting the proliferation of tumor lines in vitro. In summary our results demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to obtain, in a short time, large amounts of MSCs loaded with PTX to be used in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with oncological diseases.
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Moreira F, Mizukami A, de Souza LEB, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL, Covas DT, Swiech K. Successful Use of Human AB Serum to Support the Expansion of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell in a Microcarrier-Based Platform. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:307. [PMID: 32373600 PMCID: PMC7184110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies and for the promotion of tissue repair, hence the increase of clinical trials in a worldwide scale. In particular, adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (AT MSC) present easy accessibility and a rather straightforward process of isolation, providing a clear advantage over other sources. The high demand of cell doses (millions of cells/kg), needed for infusion in clinical settings, requires a scalable and efficient manufacturing of AT MSC under xenogeneic(xeno)-free culture conditions. Here we describe the successful use of human AB serum [10%(v/v)] as a culture supplement, as well as coating substrate for the expansion of these cells in microcarriers using (i) a spinner flask and (ii) a 500-mL mini-bioreactor (ApplikonTM Biotechnology). Cells were characterized by immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential. Upon an initial cell adhesion in the spinner flask of 35 ± 2.5%, culture reached a maximal cell density of 2.6 ± 0.1 × 105 at day 7, obtaining a 15 ± 1-fold increase. The implementation of the culture in the 500-mL mini-bioreactor presented an initial cell adhesion of 22 ± 5%, but it reached maximal cell density of 2.7 ± 0.4 × 105 at day 7, obtaining a 27 ± 8-fold increase. Importantly, in both stirred systems, cells retained their immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential (osteo-, chondro- and adipogenic lineages). Overall, the scalability of this microcarrier-based system presented herein is of major importance for the purpose of achieving clinically meaningful cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amanda Mizukami
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yoon YM, Lee JH, Song KH, Noh H, Lee SH. Melatonin-stimulated exosomes enhance the regenerative potential of chronic kidney disease-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells via cellular prion proteins. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12632. [PMID: 31989677 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused by dysfunctional kidneys, which result in complications like cardiovascular diseases. Chronic kidney disease-induced pathophysiological conditions decrease efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy by reducing MSC functionality. To enhance therapeutic potential in patients with CKD, we isolated exosomes derived from melatonin-treated healthy MSCs (MT exosomes) and assessed the biological functions of MT exosome-treated MSCs isolated from patients with CKD (CKD-MSCs). Treatment with melatonin increased the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC ) in exosomes isolated from MSCs through the upregulation of miR-4516. Treatment with MT exosomes protected mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and proliferative potential of CKD-MSCs. MT exosomes significantly increased the level of angiogenesis-associated proteins in CKD-MSCs. In a murine hindlimb ischemia model with CKD, MT exosome-treated CKD-MSCs improved functional recovery and vessel repair. These findings elucidate the regenerative potential of MT exosome-treated CKD-MSCs via the miR-4516-PrPC signaling axis. This study suggests that the treatment of CKD-MSCs with MT exosomes might be a powerful strategy for developing autologous MSC-based therapeutics for patients with CKD. Furthermore, miR-4516 and PrPC could be key molecules for enhancing the regenerative potential of MSCs in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Min Yoon
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Keon-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Mastrolia I, Foppiani EM, Murgia A, Candini O, Samarelli AV, Grisendi G, Veronesi E, Horwitz EM, Dominici M. Challenges in Clinical Development of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1135-1148. [PMID: 31313507 PMCID: PMC6811694 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified 50 years ago, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) immediately generated a substantial interest among the scientific community because of their differentiation plasticity and hematopoietic supportive function. Early investigations provided evidence of a relatively low engraftment rate and a transient benefit for challenging congenital and acquired diseases. The reasons for these poor therapeutic benefits forced the entire field to reconsider MSC mechanisms of action together with their ex vivo manipulation procedures. This phase resulted in advances in MSCs processing and the hypothesis that MSC‐tissue supportive functions may be prevailing their differentiation plasticity, broadening the spectrum of MSCs therapeutic potential far beyond their lineage‐restricted commitments. Consequently, an increasing number of studies have been conducted for a variety of clinical indications, revealing additional challenges and suggesting that MSCs are still lagging behind for a solid clinical translation. For this reason, our aim was to dissect the current challenges in the development of still promising cell types that, after more than half a century, still need to reach their maturity. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1135–1148
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manuela Foppiani
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alba Murgia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
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