Thrombophilies rares

[Association of celiac disease and cerebral venous thrombosis: report of two cases]

Thrombosis events may occur in celiac disease. Thrombophilic risk factors have been reported.

INTRODUCTION

To report two cases of cerebral venous thrombosis in celiac disease patients and to determine associated thrombophilic factors. Case 1: a 63-year-old woman was admitted for cerebral venous thrombosis. Her past history included celiac disease which was untreated for the last 10 years. Biological data showed moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and positive reaction for antiphospholipid antibodies. Case 2: a 19-year-old girl was hospitalized for seizures and impaired consciousness. MRA demonstrated longitudinal sinus thrombosis with parietal infarction. Biological findings showed: protein S deficiency and positive reaction for antiendomysium and antigliadin antibodies. Gastroesophageal endoscopy with biopsy showed villous atrophy. Both patients improved under anticoagulant treatment.

CONCLUSION

The sites of associated venous thrombosis are generally unusual in celiac disease, yet the cerebral localization is only exceptionally reported. It is essential to search for risk factors. Gluten-free diet remains the mainstay treatment for patients with celiac disease.

[Diagnostic strategy and comparison of clinical scores for pulmonary embolism]

The diagnostic approach to pulmonary embolism can be divided in several consecutive steps. First of all, the clinician must identify the patients with potential pulmonary embolism based on clinical presentation and the presence or absence of personal risk factors. Further investigations can then be guided by the use of a clinical probability score. The revised Geneva score and the Wells score are the most validated tools. They are reliable in stratifying patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk categories. When clinical probability is low or intermediate, the dosage of d-dimers is helpful. A negative result excludes pulmonary embolism with a very high negative predictive value, close to 100%. When positive, a multidetector thoracic CT will confirm or exclude the diagnosis. The utility of a lower-limb venous ultrasound is very low, and its use is therefore no longer recommended.

[Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with celiac disease]

The association of Budd-Chiari syndrome and celiac disease is rare and has been reported in only 13 cases. We report a 23-year-old man with celiac disease, treated with gluten-free diet since the age of 16 years. He presented with epigastric pain that was secondary to a Budd-Chiari syndrome. No other cause than celiac disease could be identified.