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Islam MR, Rahman MM, Ahasan MT, Sarkar N, Akash S, Islam M, Islam F, Aktar MN, Saeed M, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Hosain MK, Rahaman MS, Afroz S, Bibi S, Rahman MH, Sweilam SH. The impact of mucormycosis (black fungus) on SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: at a glance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69341-69366. [PMID: 35986111 PMCID: PMC9391068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of various diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic made health workers more attentive, and one of the new pathogens is the black fungus (mucormycosis). As a result, millions of lives have already been lost. As a result of the mutation, the virus is constantly changing its traits, including the rate of disease transmission, virulence, pathogenesis, and clinical signs. A recent analysis revealed that some COVID-19 patients were also coinfected with a fungal disease called mucormycosis (black fungus). India has already categorized the COVID-19 patient black fungus outbreak as an epidemic. Only a few reports are observed in other countries. The immune system is weakened by COVID-19 medication, rendering it more prone to illnesses like black fungus (mucormycosis). COVID-19, which is caused by a B.1.617 strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been circulating in India since April 2021. Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection induced by exposure to a fungus called mucormycete. The most typically implicated genera are Mucor rhyzuprhizopusdia and Cunninghamella. Mucormycosis is also known as zygomycosis. The main causes of infection are soil, dumping sites, ancient building walls, and other sources of infection (reservoir words "mucormycosis" and "zygomycosis" are occasionally interchanged). Zygomycota, on the other hand, has been identified as polyphyletic and is not currently included in fungal classification systems; also, zygomycosis includes Entomophthorales, but mucormycosis does not. This current review will be focused on the etiology and virulence factors of COVID-19/mucormycosis coinfections in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis patients, as well as their prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanjimul Ahasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most. Nazmin Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kawsar Hosain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afroz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213 Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26426 Korea
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City, 11829 Egypt
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Smith S, Fowora M, Pellicano R. Infections with Helicobacter pylori and challenges encountered in Africa. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3183-3195. [PMID: 31333310 PMCID: PMC6626727 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer (GC). While this bacterium infects 50% of the world’s population, in Africa its prevalence reach as high as 80% as the infection is acquired during childhood. Risk factors for H. pylori acquisition have been reported to be mainly due to overcrowding, to have infected siblings or parent and to unsafe water sources. Despite this high H. pylori prevalence there still does not exist an African guideline, equivalent to the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report of the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group for the management of this infection. In this continent, although there is a paucity of epidemiologic data, a contrast between the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and the low incidence of GC has been reported. This phenomenon is the so-called “African Enigma” and it has been hypothesized that it could be explained by environmental, dietary and genetic factors. A heterogeneity of data both on diagnosis and on therapy have been published. In this context, it is evident that in several African countries the increasing rate of bacterial resistance, mainly to metronidazole and clarithromycin, requires continental guidelines to recommend the appropriate management of H. pylori. The aim of this manuscript is to review current literature on H. pylori infection in Africa, in terms of prevalence, risk factors, impact on human health, treatment and challenges encountered so as to proffer possible solutions to reduce H. pylori transmission in this continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos PMB 2013, Nigeria
| | - Muinah Fowora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos PMB 2013, Nigeria
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Akbulut S, Ozdemir F. Intraperitoneal rupture of the hydatid cyst: Four case reports and literature review. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:318-329. [PMID: 30967909 PMCID: PMC6447420 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i3.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with hydatid cysts are asymptomatic, and they are diagnosed incidentally during radiological evaluations performed for other reasons. However, some patients develop symptoms and complications due to cyst size, location, and the relationship between the cyst and adjacent structures. The most serious complications that can occur are rupture of the cysts into the biliary tract, vascular structures, hollow viscus, and peritoneal cavity. We aimed to describe the management of four cases of intraperitoneal rupture of hydatid cysts.
CASE SUMMARIES Four patients aged between 27 and 44 years (two men and two women) were admitted to our clinic with sudden abdominal pain (n = 4), hypotension (n = 3), and anaphylaxis (n = 2). Three of the perforated cysts were located in the liver, and one was located in the spleen. Two patients developed cyst rupture after minor trauma, and the other two developed spontaneous rupture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG results were positive for two patients and negative for the other two. All patients received albendazole treatment after surgical intervention (range: 2-6 mo). Two patients developed hepatic abscesses requiring drainage; one of these patients also developed hydatid cyst recurrence during postoperative follow-up (range: 25-80 mo).
CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal rupture is a life-threatening complication of hydatid cysts. It is important to manage patients with surgical intervention as soon as possible with aggressive medical treatment for anaphylactic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Akbulut
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozdemir
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
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Gheith S, Saghrouni F, Bannour W, Ben Youssef Y, Khelif A, Normand AC, Piarroux R, Ben Said M, Njah M, Ranque S. In vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin of Aspergillus spp. isolated from patients with haematological malignancies in Tunisia. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:19. [PMID: 26034655 PMCID: PMC4447766 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of Aspergillus species to antifungal is increasingly reported and the knowledge of the local epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern is pivotal to define adequate treatment policies. Our study aimed to: 1) describe the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of the Aspergillus species isolated from patients with haematological malignancies in Tunisia; 2) compare the E-test and Sensititre Yeast-One assays for the detection of paradoxical growth and trailing effect, both phenotypes commonly exhibited by Aspergillus spp. upon exposure to caspofungin and 3) to evaluate the mortality rate in patients according to the causative Aspergillus species and the antifungal treatment. We tested amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin against 48 Aspergillus isolates (17, A. niger; 18, A. flavus; 9, A. tubingensis; 1, A. westerdijkiae; and 1, A. ochraceus) with the E-test. Minimal inhibition concentrations were above the epidemiological cut-off values for amphotericin B in 67% of A. flavus strains; for caspofungin in 22% of A. flavus strains; and for itraconazole in 22% of A. tubingensis strains, voriconazole and posaconazole MICs were below the epidemiological cut-off values for all strains. When exposed to caspofungin, 42% of the strains exhibited trailing effect and 38% paradoxical growth. Trailing effect occurred in 61% of A. flavus strains and paradoxical growth in 62% of Aspergillus section Nigri strains. E-test and Sensititre Yeast-One assays were only fairly concordant for the detection of these phenotypes. Repeatability of both assays was high for trailing effect but poor for paradoxical growth. The relatively high frequency of amphotericin B resistant strains makes voriconazole best adapted as a first-line treatment of invasive aspergillosis from amphotericin B to voriconazole in this hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukeina Gheith
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, 4000 Tunisie ; Unité de recherche UR 04SP24, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Tunis, Tunisie ; Laboratoire de Parasitologie -Mycologie, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, 4000 Tunisie
| | - Fatma Saghrouni
- Unité de recherche UR 04SP24, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Wadiaa Bannour
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, 4000 Tunisie
| | | | | | - Anne-Cécile Normand
- Parasitology & Mycology, CHU Timone-Adultes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, 13005 France ; Aix-Marseille Université, IP-TPT UMR MD3, Marseille, 13885 France
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Parasitology & Mycology, CHU Timone-Adultes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, 13005 France ; Aix-Marseille Université, IP-TPT UMR MD3, Marseille, 13885 France
| | - Moncef Ben Said
- Unité de recherche UR 04SP24, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mansour Njah
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, 4000 Tunisie ; Unité de recherche UR 04SP24, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Parasitology & Mycology, CHU Timone-Adultes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, 13005 France ; Aix-Marseille Université, IP-TPT UMR MD3, Marseille, 13885 France
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Mihon C, Alexandre T, Pereira A. Clinical experience in invasive fungal infections: multiple fungal infection as the first presentation of HIV. Clin Drug Investig 2013; 33 Suppl 1:S37-40. [PMID: 23381983 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-012-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. The authors describe the case of a 40-year-old healthy male patient with a 2-month history of fever, shivers, asthenia and anorexia, who had lost weight during the past 6 months. Laboratory investigations revealed a positive HIV screening. Computed tomography scans of the chest and abdomen showed thoracic and lumbo-aortic adenopathies. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from cultures of blood, bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid and from material obtained by transbronchial biopsy. Moreover, Cryptococcus spp. were seen in the lymph node biopsy. Pneumocystis jirovecii was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage, whereas Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus were detected in material from a transbronchial biopsy. The patient initially received treatment with sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim and amphotericin B, which resulted in a substantial clinical improvement. After the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, amphotericin B was replaced by voriconazole as antifungal therapy and antiretroviral therapy was added. The simultaneous occurrence of three different infectious diseases-disseminated cryptococcosis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonitis-in a HIV-infected patient is extremely rare and there is no doubt that both early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the patient's chances of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mihon
- Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Álvarez-Lerma F, Rey-Pérez A. [Pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-immunocompromised critically ill patient]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 29:90-2. [PMID: 22463784 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-immunocompromised patients admitted to intensive care departments or units (ICU), it is difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis because the signs and symptoms of this infectious disease are non-specific, and serological techniques are not very specific as well. For this reason, a diagnosis of possible pulmonary aspergillosis is initially established, and the starting of the treatment is controversial. CASE REPORT An immunocompetent subject had a work-related accident after a fall, which resulted in multiple injuries (head, thorax, lower extremities). The patient required mechanical ventilation since admission. On the second week of ICU admission, he showed a clinical presentation of respiratory infection with fever, purulent secretions, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and repeated isolation of Mucor and Aspergillus fumigatus in bronchial secretions and pharyngeal swabs. The patient was treated with amphotericin B lipid complex and voriconazole with an excellent clinical and radiological outcome. CONCLUSIONS Combined treatment of antifungal agents, in this case amphotericin B lipid complex and voriconazole, is a therapeutic possibility to be considered in patients who failed to respond to initial antifungal monotherapy.
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Zhou Y, He P, Liu A, Zhang L, Liu Y, Dai R. Drug-drug Interactions between Ketoconazole and Berberine in Rats: Pharmacokinetic Effects Benefit Pharmacodynamic Synergism. Phytother Res 2011; 26:772-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmi Zhou
- School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ping He
- School of Medical Laboratory Science; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Aiming Liu
- Zhongshan PharmaSS Corporation; Zhongshan Guangdong 528437 China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100000 China
| | - Yunde Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Renke Dai
- School of Life Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Zhongshan PharmaSS Corporation; Zhongshan Guangdong 528437 China
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Eworo A, Muñoz P, Yáñez JF, Palomo J, Guembe P, Roda J, Valerio M, Guinea J, Bouza YE. Aspergilosis cardíaca en una paciente trasplantada de corazón. Rev Iberoam Micol 2011; 28:134-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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