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Sandal S, Krishnan G, Sharma A, Ismail J, Yadav J. A rare case of toxocariasis presenting with hypereosinophilic pericardial effusion and mycotic aneurysm. Trop Doct 2021; 52:188-191. [PMID: 34323630 DOI: 10.1177/00494755211034327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections are the leading cause of hypereosinophilia in the paediatric population in tropical countries. We report an unusual case of Toxocara infection in an eight-year-old boy who presented with intermittent fever, hypereosinophilia complicated by massive pericardial effusion and a mycotic aneurysm. This child received treatment with four weeks of albendazole and steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sandal
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gopal Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaivinder Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Merigueti YFFB, Santarém VA, Ramires LM, da Silveira Batista A, da Costa Beserra LV, Nuci AL, de Paula Esposte TM. Protective and risk factors associated with the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs in dog hair. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:39-43. [PMID: 28917315 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxocariasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic zoonoses in the world. The disease is principally caused by the nematode Toxocara canis, whose definitive host is the dog. The transmission of toxocariasis to humans is mainly caused by accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs of the parasite, present in the soil. Studies have shown that dog hair has the capacity to harbor eggs of the parasite and represents a risk for transmission of the zoonosis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and factors associated with the contamination of dog hair by Toxocara spp. of animals attended and/or abandoned at a Veterinary-Teaching Hospital in Southeast Brazil. The hair samples were collected from the perineal region, and upper and lower tail regions. For analysis of the samples and recovery of Toxocara spp., the material was washed in Tween 20 and then filtered through sieves of 300μm, 212μm, and 38μm. Hair samples from 165 dogs were analyzed. Of the analyzed samples, 59 (35.8%) were from puppies and 106 (64.2%) from adult animals. In the sample evaluation, 6.7% of the dogs (11/165) were contaminated, with a mean of 12.2 eggs per animal (1-70 eggs/animal) and 57.5 eggs/gram of hair. All the recovered eggs were not embryonated. There was an influence of age (puppies), breed (without defined breed), and origin (stray) of the dogs. On the other hand, deworming was a protective factor. Our results show that the risk of transmission of toxocariasis by direct contact, mainly in well-cared dogs, is low. Thus, prophylactic anthelmintic treatment and correct care regarding the hygiene of animals, especially puppies, should be recommended to reduce any risk of transmission of toxocariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yslla Fernanda Fitz Balo Merigueti
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vamilton Alvares Santarém
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Magosso Ramires
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline da Silveira Batista
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layron Vinícus da Costa Beserra
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amábyle Lopes Nuci
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Mirella de Paula Esposte
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching-Hospital, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Hypereosinophilia may be due to several aetiologies. Cardiac complications are not uncommon, whatever the causes. Clinical presentations of hypereosinophilic cardiac diseases may vary widely from asymptomatic form to fatal necrotic myocarditis or irreversible restrictive cardiomyopathy. As a major cause of morbidity and mortality, diagnosis of cardiac involvement is crucial. Until recently the diagnosis was exclusively based on cardiac biopsy. Nowadays, multimodal cardiac imaging, including echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, is the cornerstone of the diagnosis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a very useful tool for the diagnosis allowing precise tissue characterization. It has even been proposed as a surrogate to cardiac biopsy. It should be systematically performed in case of hypereosinophilia. Early and appropriate treatment is crucial to avoid the evolution toward irreversible cardiac lesions. These treatments are symptomatic but should also be adapted to the underlying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Filippetti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service de Cardiologie, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Huttin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service de Cardiologie, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christine Selton-Suty
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service de Cardiologie, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Damien Voilliot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Service de Cardiologie, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- IADI, INSERM U947, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Centre Hospitalier Lunéville, Service de Cardiologie, Lunéville, France
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