[Myoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland]

Diagnostic pitfall: primary myoepithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland, case report and literature review

Background

In lacrimal gland, lymphomas and inflammatory lesions predominate. Primary epithelial tumours represent less than 30% of lacrimal gland lesions. Myoepithelial carcinoma of lacrimal gland is rare. To the best of our knowledge, only nine cases have been reported in the literature. This lesion presents diagnostic difficulties: non-specific clinical and radiological findings and histological polymorphism. This is well illustrated by the diagnostic pathology errors described in the literature.

We report a new case of lacrimal myoepithelial carcinoma with a review of others published cases to try to assess clinico-pathological features and outcome whenever possible of this rare tumour.

Case presentation

An 80-year-old Arabian female presented with a 2-month history of swelling over the right eyebrow, pain, proptosis of the right eye and diplopia. Computed tomography demonstrated an ill-defined, homogeneous, contrast-enhancing mass attached to the medial rectus. A biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination showed malignant spindle cells tumour, most consistently to sarcoma or sarcomatoid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical study was not possible because neoplastic material has been exhausted. Subsequently, total exenteration of the right orbit was performed. Immunohistochemical study revealed diffuse positive staining for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) and focal positivity for S100 protein. The lesion was immunonegative for desmin, h-cladesmon, CD34, Melan-A and HMB-45. The tumour was extending to the surgical margins. The patient was lost to follow-up until she developed local tumour progression 3 months after removal. The patient was again lost to follow-up and therefore did not receive any other treatment in our hospital.

Conclusion

We present this rare tumour with an unusual location. The use of a complete immunohistochemical panel with epithelial and myoepithelial markers positivity helped us for classification of this poorly differentiated tumour.

Lacrimal myoepithelial carcinoma ex recurrent pleomorphic adenoma: A clinicopathological report and review of the literature

Myoepithelial carcinoma is an uncommon malignant tumor of the lacrimal gland, composed of neoplastic myoepithelial cells with an infiltrative growth. The present study describes a unique case of progressive proptosis and blindness of the right eye in a 68-year-old woman following total tumor removal for lacrimal pleomorphic adenoma. Clinical study, surgical exploration, and pathology revealed lacrimal myoepithelial carcinoma ex recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, T2N0M0. In addition, 18 cases of lacrimal myoepithelial tumor that have been previously described in the literature are reviewed. The application of clinical, radiological, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical investigations may help to reach the definite diagnosis. Criteria for malignancy of lacrimal myoepithelial tumor should be the same as salivary myoepithelial tumor diagnosis, until long-term outcome data for a larger number of patients with lacrimal myoepithelial carcinoma become available.