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Lonchampt S, Gerber F, Aubry JM, Desmeules J, Besson M, Kosel M. TOP-ID: a Delphi technique-guided development of a prescription and deprescription tool for adults with intellectual disabilities. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039208. [PMID: 33148748 PMCID: PMC7643515 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adults with an intellectual disability (AWID) are often polymedicated because of somatic and psychiatric health problems. Besides, they may display challenging behaviours, leading to off-label prescription of psychotropic drugs, without efficacy and with numerous adverse effects. In this context, a prescription/deprescription tool (Tool for Optimising Prescription in Intellectual Disability/TOP-ID) was developed to improve the care of AWID. This paper describes how TOP-ID was designed. DESIGN Four-step consensus-based process involving a review of the literature, eight semistructured interviews and a two-round Delphi process. SETTING Seventeen general practices and university and general hospitals from Belgium, France and Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen French-speaking physicians from different domains of expertise participated in the Delphi process. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES For the Delphi iteration process, consensus was defined as at least a 65% agreement between the experts. RESULTS Two rounds were needed for the Delphi process. Eighty-one items of the tool were submitted to 18 out of 35 recruited French-speaking experts during the first round. Sixty-nine per cent of the items reached a rate of agreement of 65% or more in that round. Thirteen questions were reformulated and resubmitted for the second Delphi iteration round. All of the statements reached a rate of agreement of 65% or more in the second round. CONCLUSION TOP-ID is the first prescription-deprescription tool developed specifically for AWIDs in French. It is intended to help prescribers document patient care in order to reduce prescription errors and to improve safety. The next steps of the project include the development of an electronic version of TOP-ID and a utility study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lonchampt
- Psychopharmacology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive care, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit for Intellectual Disabilities and Autism in Adults, Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Geneva and Lausanne, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gerber
- Unit for Intellectual Disabilities and Autism in Adults, Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Aubry
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Geneva and Lausanne, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besson
- Psychopharmacology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive care, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive care and Pharmacology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kosel
- Unit for Intellectual Disabilities and Autism in Adults, Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gilchrist KH, Hegarty-Craver M, Christian RB, Grego S, Kies AC, Wheeler AC. Automated Detection of Repetitive Motor Behaviors as an Outcome Measurement in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 48:1458-1466. [PMID: 29164446 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive sensory motor behaviors are a direct target for clinical treatment and a potential treatment endpoint for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities. By removing the burden associated with video annotation or direct observation, automated detection of stereotypy would allow for longer term monitoring in ecologic settings. We report automated detection of common stereotypical motor movements using commercially available accelerometers affixed to the body and a generalizable detection algorithm. The method achieved a sensitivity of 80% for body rocking and 93% for hand flapping without individualized algorithm training or foreknowledge of subject's specific movements. This approach is well-suited for implementation in a continuous monitoring system outside of a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin H Gilchrist
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | | | - Robert B Christian
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonia Grego
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ashley C Kies
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Child and Family Development, Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Anne C Wheeler
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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Dutt A, Tan M, Alagumalai S, Nair R. Development and Validation of the Ability in Behavior Assessment and Interventions for Teachers Using Delphi Technique and Rasch Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:1976-1987. [PMID: 30637527 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-03887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and behavior interventions have been effective in the management of challenging behavior among children with developmental disabilities including autism spectrum disorders. Research suggests the need for valid measurement instruments for verifying, calibrating and scoring competence in FBA and behavior interventions. The validation for the Ability in Behaviour Assessment and Interventions for Teachers (ABAIT) adopted the Delphi method for developing consensus followed by the application of Rasch Measurement Model (RMM). RMM among 292 special educators reported appropriate infit (0.84-1.11), outfit (0.94-1.05), and item separation reliability (0.99), though some items reported low point-biserial correlation. The ABAIT was developed with expert consensus and was found to have a suitable fit with RMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dutt
- Psychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marilyn Tan
- Psychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Alagumalai
- School of Education, University of Adelaide, Floor/Room - 8/09, Nexus 10 Tower, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rahul Nair
- Adelaide Dental School, ARCPOH, University of Adelaide, Floor/Room WS9105.14, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia.
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Rispoli M, Ninci J, Burke MD, Zaini S, Hatton H, Sanchez L. Evaluating the Accuracy of Results for Teacher Implemented Trial-Based Functional Analyses. Behav Modif 2015; 39:627-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445515590456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) allows for the systematic and experimental assessment of challenging behavior in applied settings. The purposes of this study were to evaluate a professional development package focused on training three Head Start teachers to conduct TBFAs with fidelity during ongoing classroom routines. To assess the accuracy of the TBFA results, the effects of a function-based intervention derived from the TBFA were compared with the effects of a non-function-based intervention. Data were collected on child challenging behavior and appropriate communication. An A-B-A-C-D design was utilized in which A represented baseline, and B and C consisted of either function-based or non-function-based interventions counterbalanced across participants, and D represented teacher implementation of the most effective intervention. Results showed that the function-based intervention produced greater decreases in challenging behavior and greater increases in appropriate communication than the non-function-based intervention for all three children.
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Simó-Pinatella D, Font-Roura J, Alomar-Kurz E, Giné C, Matson JL. RETRACTED: Functional variables of challenging behavior in individuals with intellectual disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:2635-43. [PMID: 25041877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief, after review by an independent panel of experts, due to evidence of a compromised peer review process and the failure of one author to disclose significant conflicts of interest. An independent peer-review process is a cornerstone of scientific integrity that allows for research to be scrutinized before publication to ensure that conclusions are anchored in sound methodology and objective interpretation of the results. Equally important is that the readership of research is fully informed about any potential competing interests that may have influenced the research process. This article is being retracted because it did not include a declaration of a conflict of interest of one author in relation to diagnostic tools which the paper endorses. The same author was also the Editor in Chief of the journal at the time of publication and evidence indicates that the paper was accepted without any independent peer review by external reviewers. The article is therefore retracted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Elsevier: https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/publishing-ethics and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction-guidelines.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Climent Giné
- Ramon Llull University, c/ Císter, 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
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Lloyd BP, Kennedy CH. Assessment and Treatment of Challenging Behaviour for Individuals with Intellectual Disability: A Research Review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2014; 27:187-99. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Blair P. Lloyd
- Department of Special Education; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
| | - Craig H. Kennedy
- Department of Special Education; Vanderbilt University; Nashville TN USA
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Verdugo MA, Gómez LE, Arias B, Navas P, Schalock RL. Measuring quality of life in people with intellectual and multiple disabilities: validation of the San Martín scale. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:75-86. [PMID: 24246273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although there are numerous quality of life instruments in the, field of intellectual disability, most of them are addressed to those, people with the highest levels of functioning, while only a few are, suitable for people with the lowest levels (i.e., people with profound, and severe intellectual disabilities, or people with intellectual and, developmental disabilities and other significant medical conditions or, disabilities). This study provides reliability and validity evidence of, the San Martín Scale, a 95-item Likert scale questionnaire that is, completed by a third-party respondent. The validation sample was composed, of 1770 people from Spain with intellectual and developmental, disabilities that showed extensive or pervasive support needs (8.7% had, mild intellectual disability, 28.25% moderate, 41.6% severe, and 21.4%, profound). The age of the participants ranged between 16 and 77 years old, (M=7.78; SD=12.32). The results suggested that the eight quality of, life domains assessed on the scale are reliable (Cronbach's alpha ranging, from .821 to .933). Confirmatory Factor Analyses provided construct, validity evidences related to the internal structure of the San Martín, Scale, and indicated that the eight first-order factor solution provided, the best fit to the data over unidimensional and hierarchical solutions. Implications of these findings and guidelines for further research are, discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Verdugo
- Institute on Community Integration (INICO), University of Salamanca, Avda. de la Merced, 109-131, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.
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The Most Commonly Reported Behavior Analytic Methods in Early Intensive Autism Treatments. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-013-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lanovaz MJ, Argumedes M, Roy D, Duquette JR, Watkins N. Using ABC narrative recording to identify the function of problem behavior: a pilot study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:2734-2742. [PMID: 23787117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many professionals report using ABC narrative recording to identify the function of problem behavior in children with developmental disabilities, but research has not established whether their analyses yield valid results. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether the function identified by expert reviewers using ABC narrative recordings would match the one identified by a functional analysis (FA) and the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF) scale in four children with developmental disabilities. The functions identified by all twelve experts using the ABC narrative recordings matched at least one of the functions identified by the FA for three of four participants. The experts' analyses also agreed with the informant-based assessment at a statistically significant level for two of three participants with a conclusive QABF. Altogether, the results suggest that ABC narrative recording may be useful to generate hypotheses to identify the function of problem behavior, but that more research is needed before recommending its use as a standalone functional behavior assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Lanovaz
- École de psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Tureck K, Matson JL, May A, Turygin N. Externalizing and tantrum behaviours in children with ASD and ADHD compared to children with ADHD. Dev Neurorehabil 2013; 16:52-7. [PMID: 23030259 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2012.719245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare rates of externalizing in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms to children with ADHD. METHOD Parents/caregivers of 85 children with ASD and/or ADHD were surveyed about their children's behaviours using the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Children and the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Behaviour Problem for Children. RESULTS Specific main effects analyses were then conducted. Children with ASD exhibited a higher number of externalizing (F(1, 83) = 83.34, p < 0.001) and tantrum behaviours (F(1,83) = 781.86, p < 0.001) than children without ASD. CONCLUSIONS ASD exacerbates the externalizing symptoms of ADHD during childhood. This study adds to the literature on the importance of assessing for a wide-range of possible behaviour problems in children presenting with ADHD symptomatology. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of other research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Tureck
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803,
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Belva BC, Matson JL. An examination of specific daily living skills deficits in adults with profound intellectual disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:596-604. [PMID: 23123873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While some researchers have investigated daily living skills deficits in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) as a whole, research on specific daily living skills in a profound ID population is limited. Two hundred and four adults with profound ID residing in two large developmental centers in the southeast portion of the United States were studied. Data were collected on these individuals' daily living skills, utilizing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). Three dependent t-tests were conducted comparing the proportion of items endorsed by informants on each of the three subdomains of daily living skills on the VABS (personal, domestic, and community). A significantly larger proportion of Personal Subdomain items were endorsed compared to Domestic or Community Subdomain items. Additionally, participants exhibited a significantly larger proportion of Domestic Skills Subdomain items compared to Community Skills Subdomain items which is consistent with theoretical models suggesting that institutional living may curb broader community skill sets. No gender differences were found in daily living skills. Lastly, individuals between the ages 30 and 39 exhibited significantly more Personal Subdomain skills than individuals who were 60 or older, while participants between the ages 30 and 39 exhibited significantly more Domestic Subdomain skills than individuals between the ages 60 and 69.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Belva
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Matson JL, Neal D, Kozlowski AM. Treatments for the challenging behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2012; 57:587-92. [PMID: 23072949 DOI: 10.1177/070674371205701002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview and critical assessment of common problems and best evidence practice in treatments for the challenging behaviours (CBs) of adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs). METHOD Commonly observed problems that present obstacles to successful treatment plans are discussed, followed by an analysis of available research on the efficacy of behavioural and pharmacological therapies. RESULTS Behavioural and pharmacological interventions are most commonly used when addressing CBs in people with IDs. However, within each of these techniques, there are methods that have support in the literature for efficacy and those that do not. As clinicians, it is important to follow research so that we are engaging in best practices when developing treatment plans for CBs. CONCLUSIONS One of the most consuming issues for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals who work with people who evince developmental disabilities, such as IDs, are CBs. These problems are very dangerous and are a major impediment to independent, less restrictive living. However, there is a major gap between what researchers show is effective and much of what occurs in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Radstaake M, Didden R, Oliver C, Allen D, Curfs LMG. Functional analysis and functional communication training in individuals with Angelman syndrome. Dev Neurorehabil 2012; 15:91-104. [PMID: 22494082 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2011.651537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the functions of challenging behaviour in four children with Angelman syndrome (AS) and to study the effects of functional communication training (FCT) with precursor-based prompting. This study builds on and extends the study of Allen et al. METHOD Experimental functional analysis assessed behavioural functions. FCT was implemented within an ABAB design and effect sizes were calculated. Burst analyses depict tendencies in (precursor) behaviours surrounding target behaviours. RESULTS Results show challenging behaviour to be aimed at receiving attention, tangibles or escape. Burst analysis designated physical and eye contact and reaching for tangibles as precursors. Effects of FCT ranged from small to large. CONCLUSION Behavioural functions for challenging behaviour were found and FCT was effective in reducing its frequency, when precursors were used as the onset of prompting. Functional equivalence between challenging and communicative behaviour was found. Implementing treatment for challenging behaviour based on precursors is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Radstaake
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Inclusive School Settings. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Horovitz M, Matson JL, Sipes M. The relationship between parents' first concerns and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Dev Neurorehabil 2012; 14:372-7. [PMID: 22136121 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2011.617322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between parents' first concerns and early Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms. METHODS Symptoms of ASD were compared in 1393 toddlers with and without a diagnosis of an ASD, based on the area of parents' first concerns. Communication and behaviour problems were examined in the current study, as they are the most frequently reported first concerns in the literature. A series of one-way, between-subjects ANOVAs were conducted on each sub-scale of the BISCUIT Part-1. RESULTS Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) significant differences were found between most groups on all sub-scales. On the Socialization/Non-verbal Communication and Repetitive Behaviour/Restricted Interest sub-scales, those with ASD and behaviour concerns had the highest scores. On the Communication sub-scale, those with ASD and communication concerns had the highest scores. CONCLUSIONS A significant relationship exists between early ASD symptoms and area of first concern. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Horovitz
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Matson JL, Tureck K, Rieske R. The Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF): current status as a method of functional assessment. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2012; 33:630-4. [PMID: 22155537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Functional assessment has now entered the mainstream for evaluation and to aid in the treatment of challenging behaviors, while experimental functional analysis was at the forefront of this movement, this particular methodology has proven to be impractical, and thus has limited utility in real world settings. As a result of these factors standardized test have become a popular alternative for making a functional assessment. The most extensively studied of these scales to date is the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF). This paper reviews the available research on this scale, its current status, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Sipes M, Rojahn J, Turygin N, Matson JL, Tureck K. Comparison of problem behaviours in atypically developing infants and toddlers as assessed with the baby and infant screen for children with aUtIsm traits (BISCUIT). Dev Neurorehabil 2012; 14:261-6. [PMID: 21810015 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2011.577050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compares infants and toddlers with intellectual and developmental conditions in regard to the presence of challenging behaviour. METHODS Parents and caregivers to 140 children ranging from 17-35 months with five different conditions (Down syndrome (n = 23), developmental delay (n = 18), prematurity (n = 56), Cerebral Palsy (n = 15) and Seizure disorder (n = 28)) were administered the BISCUIT-Part 3. An ANOVA on overall scores and a MANOVA on the sub-scale scores were conducted to determine if groups differed significantly. RESULTS Results found no significant differences on total scores or differences on the sub-scales of the BISCUIT-Part 3: Aggressive/Destructive, Stereotypic and Self-Injurious. Some trends in individual item endorsement were found. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that differences among individuals with these disorders are not apparent until later in life. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring challenging behaviours in all at-risk infants and toddlers to ensure that early interventions to treat these challenging behaviours are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sipes
- Psychology Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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Hattier MA, Matson JL, Belva B, Kozlowski A. The effects of diagnostic group and gender on challenging behaviors in infants and toddlers with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome or seizures. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2012; 33:258-264. [PMID: 22093672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Challenging behaviors are frequently studied in individuals with various developmental disabilities, although specific conditions are rarely compared to one another. Such data would be informative to clinicians who assess and develop treatment plans for children with these disabilities. For that reason, the current study's aim was to analyze problem behavior deficits in infants and toddlers diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP), Down syndrome (DS), and a history of seizures/seizure disorder. Seventy six children participated in this study and were administered the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits-Part 2 (BISCUIT-Part 2). Inspection of the Tantrum/Conduct Behavior subscale of this measure revealed that children with a history of seizures/seizure disorder exhibited significantly higher scores, indicating greater impairment, than those with CP or DS. Children with DS and those diagnosed with CP did not significantly differ from one another. Additionally, there was no significant main effect by gender. The CP and DS groups also had fewer endorsements on all 18 items of the subscale as compared to the seizures group. Implications of these results are discussed.
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Sipes M, Matson JL, Belva B, Turygin N, Kozlowski AM, Horovitz M. The relationship among side effects associated with anti-epileptic medications in those with intellectual disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:1646-1651. [PMID: 21458227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Seizures are fairly common in those with intellectual disabilities. In order to treat these seizures, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are often used and in many cases are effective. However, these medications often create a variety of associated side effects. In order to monitor these side effects, measures such as the SEIZES-B have been used. While many side effects have been found to occur with the use of AEDs, research has not explored if certain side effects are more likely to co-occur. For the current study, 281 people with intellectual disability were administered the SEIZES-B to monitor side effects associated with AEDs. Correlations between side effect subscales were then computed. Several subscales were found to be significantly correlated: hepatic disturbance with dermatological changes and cognitive disturbance; respiratory disturbance with dermatological changes, sedation, and electrolyte disturbance; and cognitive disturbance with sedation and dermatological disturbance. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sipes
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Tsakanikos E, Underwood L, Sturmey P, Bouras N, McCarthy J. Psychometric properties of the Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS) for behavior problems: an independent investigation. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:653-658. [PMID: 21208774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study employed the Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS) to assess problem behaviors in a large sample of adults with ID (N=568) and evaluate the psychometric properties of this instrument. Although the DAS problem behaviors were found to be internally consistent (Cronbach's α=.87), item analysis revealed one weak item ('Objectional habits') with item-total biserial correlation of only .20. An exploratory factor analysis revealed two main factors. The first factor consisted of items relating to disruptive/distractive problems. The second factor consisted of items relating to antisocial/delinquent problems. Disruptive/distractive problems were specifically associated with low ID level. Antisocial/delinquent behaviors were specifically associated with male gender, schizophrenia, hospital admission and troubles with police. For patients who had both disruptive/distractive problems and antisocial/delinquent behaviors, personality disorders and autism were more frequent, where as anxiety and depression were less frequent. On the basis of the obtained results, two new DAS subscales for assessing challenging behavior were proposed. Both subscales had good levels of internal consistency, as well as face and criterion validity. Overall, the new DAS subscales were shown to have acceptable psychometric properties and have therefore potential for use in both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Tsakanikos
- Estia Center, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Matson JL, Horovitz M, Kozlowski AM, Sipes M, Worley JA, Shoemaker ME. Person characteristics of individuals in functional assessment research. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:621-624. [PMID: 21211941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a review of person characteristics that were present in 173 studies that were reviewed on functional assessment. The purpose was to give the reader an idea about the types of individuals for which functional assessment is appropriate and to outline persons and their characteristics which have the best research support. The majority of participants were diagnosed with intellectual disability and/or autism. Additionally more males that females were included and children were frequently studied versus adolescents and older adults. Finally, while the majority of studies employed experimental functional analysis, the number of participants per study was small. Conversely, functional analysis scales were used in far fewer studies, but with much larger sample sizes. Thus, relatively equal numbers of individuals have been studied with both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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Bronsard G, Botbol M, Tordjman S. Aggression in low functioning children and adolescents with autistic disorder. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14358. [PMID: 21200441 PMCID: PMC3006199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents, caregivers and mental health professionals have often reported violence and aggression in children or adolescents with autistic disorder. However, most of these observations derived from anecdotal reports, and studies on frequency and characterization of aggression in autism remain limited. Our objective was to better characterize and understand the different types of aggressive behaviors displayed by a large group of individuals with autism in different observational situations. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS The study was conducted on 74 children and adolescents with autism and 115 typically developing control individuals matched for sex, age and pubertal stage. Other-Injurious Behaviors (OIB) were assessed in three observational situations (parents at home, two caregivers at day-care, a nurse and a child psychiatrist during blood drawing) using validated scales. The frequency of OIB was significantly higher in individuals with autism compared to typically developing control individuals during the blood drawing (23% vs. 0%, P<0 .01). The parents observed significantly less OIB in their children than caregivers (34% vs. 58%, P<0.05). In addition, the most frequent concurrent behaviors occurring just before the appearance of OIB in individuals with autism were anxiety-related behaviors and excitation according to the parental as well as the caregiver observation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that in a stressful situation, such as the blood drawing, individuals with autism release their stress through behaviors such as OIB, whereas typically developing individuals regulate and express their stress through cognitive skills such as mental coping strategies, symbolization skills with representation and anticipation of the stressful situation, social interaction and verbal or non-verbal communication. The findings underline also the key role of the environment in assessing OIB and developing therapeutic perspectives, with an individual who modulates his/her behavior according to the environment, and an environment that perceives this behavior and reacts to it with different tolerance thresholds according to the observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bronsard
- Maison Départementale de l'Adolescent et Centre Médico-Psycho-Pédagogique (Conseil Général des Bouches-du-Rhône), Laboratoire de Santé Publique (EA3279) de la Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Botbol
- Ecole des Psychologues Praticiens, Paris Catholic University, Société Psychanalytique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Tordjman
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, UMR 8158 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, and Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, France
- * E-mail:
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Matson JL, Neal D, Fodstad JC, Hess JA. The relation of social behaviours and challenging behaviours in infants and toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Dev Neurorehabil 2010; 13:164-9. [PMID: 20450465 DOI: 10.3109/17518420903270683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Challenging behaviours are a commonly co-occuring problem in children with ASD and are often present during the toddler years. The relationship that these challenging behaviours have with core features of ASD, specifically social behaviours, was examined in this study. METHOD This study analysed the relationship between socialization and challenging behaviours among 153 toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Social behaviour was evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition and challenging behaviours were assessed using Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits, Part 3. RESULT Lower levels of adult interaction and peer interaction were associated with higher levels of stereotypic behaviour, aggressive/destructive behaviour and to a lesser extent self-injury. CONCLUSIONS The nature of the relationships between socialization and challenging behaviours likely interact in several ways. A better understanding of these relationships is essential to early identification and treatment of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Psychology, Louisiana State University, Psychology, Baton Rouge, 70816, USA.
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Horovitz M, Kozlowski AM, Matson JL. Compliance Training in an Adult With Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type and Down Syndrome. Clin Case Stud 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650110368262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the treatment of noncompliance and public stripping in a 53-year-old man with Down syndrome and dementia. On the basis of a review of the relevant literature and a comprehensive functional behavioral analysis, an intervention procedure utilizing contingent reinforcement of compliance is conducted. Compliance with requests to allow assistance getting dressed is reinforced with a combination of verbal praise, physical contact, and edible reinforcers. Noncompliance decreases by 85.22% at follow-up. Factors responsible for intervention success and implications for clinicians are discussed.
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Matson JL, Wilkins J, Fodstad JC. Children with autism spectrum disorders: a comparison of those who regress vs. those who do not. Dev Neurorehabil 2010; 13:37-45. [PMID: 20067344 DOI: 10.3109/17518420903107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a group of similar conditions, considerable heterogeneity in symptoms of these neurodevelopmental disorders have been noted. One of the most important, yet least studied, of these factors is developmental regression. METHODS One-hundred and twenty-five children were studied and broken down into the following three groups: ASD children with and without substantial regression and typically developing children. In study one, the three groups were compared on global measures of ASD symptomatology, comorbid psychopathology, challenging behaviour and social skills. In study two, the two ASD groups were compared on each individual item from the dependent measures. RESULTS Mean age when regression occurred was 27.76 months. The ASD children as a whole differed from the typically developing controls, showing more symptoms of ASD, as would be expected, and poorer social skills, while differences were also noted between the two ASD groups. CONCLUSIONS It was determined that children with ASD who regress present with a distinct behavioural profile when compared to children with ASD who do not regress, which included greater levels of impairment on global measures of ASD symptomatology, comorbid psychopathology, challenging behaviour and social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Louisiana State University, Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Horovitz M, Kozlowski AM, Matson JL. Compliance Training in an Adult With Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type and Down Syndrome. Clin Case Stud 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650109357784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the treatment of noncompliance and public stripping in a 53-year-old man with Down syndrome and dementia. Based on a review of the relevant literature and a comprehensive functional behavioral analysis, an intervention procedure utilizing contingent reinforcement of compliance was conducted. Compliance with requests to allow assistance getting dressed was reinforced with a combination of verbal praise, physical contact, and edible reinforcers. Noncompliance had decreased by 85.22% at follow-up. Factors responsible for intervention success and implications for clinicians are discussed.
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Matson JL, Neal D. Psychotropic medication use for challenging behaviors in persons with intellectual disabilities: an overview. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 30:572-86. [PMID: 18845418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Challenging behaviors in persons with intellectual disabilities are primary target for treatment in mental health clinics and institutions. Furthermore, an increasing number of people are receiving psychotropic medications for the management of their challenging behaviors. Many people are often treated with high doses of multiple psychotropic medications for extended periods of time with little or no data collected to determine treatment efficacy. Similarly, data demonstrating treatment effectiveness is at best questionable at this time. It is for these reasons that controversy exists regarding the use of psychotropic medication for challenging behaviors. The purpose of this paper was to summarize past and current studies of drug related interventions for challenging behaviors for persons with intellectual disabilities. Based on the results of this review, the effectiveness of psychotropic medications in managing challenging behaviors is best described as minimal and a need exists for controlled studies of higher scientific quality in this area. Considering alternative psychologically based interventions and careful functional assessments appear to be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Matson JL, Boisjoli JA. An overview of developments in research on persons with intellectual disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2009; 30:587-591. [PMID: 18950985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disabilities (ID) are one of the largest, most complex, and frequently studied of the mental health and medical specialty areas. Thousands of papers have been published dating back to the early work on IQ testing more than a century ago. Many reviews have been published on specific topics with the field of ID, but to date no papers have appeared providing an overview of trends in this vast literature. In this paper we looked at studies published in referred journals from 1979 to 2008. Fifty-six thousand, three hundred and twenty studies were identified using the terms mental retardation and ID. The number of papers published per year ranged from 1038 to 2075 with the fewest papers published in 1980 and the greatest number of studies appearing in 2005. Genetics was by far the most frequently studied topic. The implication of these and related trends in the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Matson JL, Boisjoli JA. Restraint Procedures and Challenging Behaviours in Intellectual Disability: An Analysis of Causative Factors. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Matson JL, Fodstad JC, Rivet TT. The convergent and divergent validity of the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side-effects (MEDS) and the Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale (DISCUS). JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY 2008; 33:337-344. [PMID: 19039694 DOI: 10.1080/13668250802478799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication side-effects such as tardive dyskinesia (TD) are known to occur in individuals with a history of psychotropic drug use. This study aimed to contribute to the development of measures for assessing TD by examining the validity of the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side-effects (MEDS) with the Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale (DISCUS) in 163 adults with intellectual disability (ID). METHOD To establish convergent validity, the relationship between the MEDS and the DISCUS in identifying TD was examined. To establish divergent validity, the ability of the MEDS to differentiate between TD and other side-effects was investigated. RESULTS The MEDS demonstrated convergent validity with the DISCUS on the Central Nervous System--Parkinsonism/Dyskinesia (CNS-PD) Subscale. The MEDS showed divergent validity with the DISCUS in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side-effects, Parkinsonism symptoms (i.e., tremor, mask-like face), dystonia, and akathisia. DISCUSSION The MEDS appears to have significant clinical utility in measuring tardive dyskinesia and other medication side-effects in individuals with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Thorson RT, Matson JL, Rojahn J, Dixon DR. Behaviour problems in institutionalised people with intellectual disability and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY 2008; 33:316-322. [PMID: 19039691 DOI: 10.1080/13668250802441649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although our understanding of dual diagnosis has improved, a deficit still exists in our knowledge of how schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) manifest themselves in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). In addition, little is known about the relationship between behaviour problems and psychopathology in this population. METHOD Utilising the Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI), three areas of problem behaviour (self-injurious, stereotyped, and aggressive/destructive) were assessed in 58 individuals with ID divided into three groups (with SSD, with a diagnosis of psychopathology other than SSD, and with ID only) and a total BPI score was calculated for each. RESULTS The SSD group was unique when compared to the Control group (ID only) for frequency of stereotyped behaviours. Further, severity of stereotyped behaviours in the SSD group was unique compared to the Psychopathology and Control groups. CONCLUSION The SSD group was unique compared to the other two groups, particularly for severity of stereotyped behaviours. Many specific behavioural differences were also related to either SSD or general psychopathology.
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Matson JL, Rivet TT. Characteristics of challenging behaviours in adults with autistic disorder, PDD-NOS, and intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY 2008; 33:323-329. [PMID: 19039692 DOI: 10.1080/13668250802492600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenging behaviours are frequently a problem for people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). A better understanding of which individuals display which behaviours, at what rates, and the relationship of these behaviours to comorbid psychopathology would have important implications. METHOD A group of 161 adults with ASD (autistic disorder or Pervasive Developmental Disorder--Not Otherwise Specified [PDD-NOS]) and 159 matched controls with ID only residing in two large residential facilities in Southeastern United States, were studied using the Autism Spectrum Disorders--Behavior Problems for Adults (ASD-BPA). RESULTS In all four categories of challenging behaviour measured by the ASD-BPA (Aggression/Destruction, Stereotypy, Self-Injurious Behavior, and Disruptive Behavior), frequency of challenging behaviours increased with severity of autistic symptoms. The greatest group differences were found for Stereotypy (repeated/unusual vocalisations/body movements and unusual object play), Self-Injurious Behavior (harming self and mouthing/swallowing objects), Aggression/Destruction (banging on objects), and Disruptive Behavior (elopement). CONCLUSIONS Challenging behaviours in people with ASD and ID are barriers to effective education, training, and social development, and often persist throughout adulthood. Thus, programs designed to remediate such behaviours should continue across the life-span of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Matson JL, LoVullo SV, Boisjoli JA, Gonzalez ML. The Behavioral Treatment of an 11-Year-Old Girl With Autism and Aggressive Behaviors. Clin Case Stud 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650107312243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the assessment and treatment of an 11-year-old girl who presented with autism and aggressive behaviors. Based on a functional analysis and review of relevant literature, differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO), compliance training, extinction, and functional communication were used as the primary intervention strategies. This case also illustrates the importance of creating a plan for generalization and the challenges parents face when trying to incorporate treatment strategies into the home environment. The importance of an accurate diagnosis and appropriate behavioral treatment are emphasized as a protection against the misuse of psychotropic medications and psychological interventions.
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Rojahn J, Bienstein P. [Self-injurious-behavior in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2008; 35:411-22. [PMID: 18357971 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917.35.6.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
10% of the children and teenagers with intellectual disability develop self-injurious behavior during lifespan. The causes for this are investigated, often various and reach from learn-theoretical up to neurobiological conditions. The available work gives overview of the current state of research to the etiology, further factors of influence as well as the process of self-injurious behavior by intellectual disability. Beyond that current diagnostics procedures, standard of treatment of the last thirty years and their effectiveness are presented and discussed finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rojahn
- Center for Behavioral & Cognitive Development, George Mason University, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Matson JL, Boisjoli JA. Cutoff Scores for the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills for Individuals With Severe Retardation (MESSIER) for Adults With Intellectual Disability. Behav Modif 2008; 32:109-20. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445507307466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social skills are defining aspects of intellectual disability (ID). Additionally, their presence or absence can be a major impediment to independent living, and they correlate with other problems in the ID population, such as comorbid psychopathology. To date, little has been done to develop scales to measure these problems, particularly for adults. One exception has been the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills for the Severely Retarded ( MESSIER). The scale has well established reliability, however many of its psychometric properties have yet to be explored. This study was designed to establish cutoff scores for the total score and factors and to explore the relationship of individual items to severity of social deficits. Participants are adults with severe or profound ID, assessed on the MESSIER. Specific psychometrics for the test including cutoff scores are established. The implications of these data for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
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