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Barroso SM, Sousa KCR. Neurocognitive Disorder and Emotional Symptoms in HIV+ Brazilian Elderly: Influence of Gender, Income, Diet, and Sleep. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:721029. [PMID: 34594195 PMCID: PMC8477800 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.721029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and symptoms of anxiety and depression in HIV+ Brazilian elderly on antiretroviral treatments. The study included 112 HIV+ elderly who completed a questionnaire, tests for cognitive screening, attention, problem solving, processing speed, visual perception, memory, and anxiety and depression scales. The results showed presence of HAND (89.3%), pathological anxiety (48.2%) and depression (58%) in the sample. Higher income was a protective factor for HAND (OR = 0.33). Waking up well-rested (OR = 0.63) and better diet quality (OR = 0.62) reduced the chance of pathological anxiety. Higher education (OR = 0.74) and waking up well-rested (OR = 0.61) reduced the chance of depression. Being female (OR = 7.73) increased the chance of depression. It can be concluded that it is important to evaluate cognitive and emotional aspects of HIV+ elders and to consider social and educational status, diet, and sleep in interventions, paying special attention to elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Martins Barroso
- Psychological Assessment and Health Investigations Center, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Ramira Sousa
- Psychological Assessment and Health Investigations Center, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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Martinez-Banfi M, Vélez JI, Mebarak Chams MR, Arcos-Holzinger M, Acosta-López JE, García R, Perea MV, Arcos-Burgos M, Ladera V. Utility of a Short Neuropsychological Protocol for Detecting HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Patients with Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1037. [PMID: 34439656 PMCID: PMC8394998 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a chronic disease that affects ~40 million people worldwide. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common in individuals with HIV-1 Infection, and represent a recent public health problem. Here we evaluate the performance of a recently proposed short protocol for detecting HAND by studying 60 individuals with HIV-1-Infection and 60 seronegative controls from a Caribbean community in Barranquilla, Colombia. The short evaluation protocol used significant neuropsychological tests from a previous study of asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients and a group of seronegative controls. Brief screening instruments, i.e., the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), were also applied. Using machine-learning techniques, we derived predictive models of HAND status, and evaluated their performance with the ROC curves. The proposed short protocol performs exceptionally well yielding sensitivity, specificity, and overall prediction values >90%, and better predictive capacity than that of the MMSE and IHDS. Community-specific cut-off values for HAND diagnosis, based on the MMSE and IHDS, make this protocol suitable for HAND screening in individuals from this Caribbean community. This study shows the effectivity of a recently proposed short protocol to detect HAND in individuals with asymptomatic HIV-1-Infection. The application of community-specific cut-off values for HAND diagnosis in the clinical setting may improve HAND screening accuracy and facilitate patients' treatment and follow-up. Further studies are needed to assess the performance of this protocol in other Latin American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Martinez-Banfi
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia;
| | - Jorge I. Vélez
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | | | - Mauricio Arcos-Holzinger
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.A.-H.); (M.A.-B.)
| | - Johan E. Acosta-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia;
| | - Ricardo García
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (R.G.); (M.V.P.); (V.L.)
| | - María Victoria Perea
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (R.G.); (M.V.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.A.-H.); (M.A.-B.)
| | - Valentina Ladera
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (R.G.); (M.V.P.); (V.L.)
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González-Andrade A, García-Torres A, Pérez-García M, Vergara-Moragues E. Assessment of executive functions as a measure of impairments in everyday functioning in persons with HIV. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1443-1449. [PMID: 33586548 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1883691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Persons with HIV can often present cognitive disorders such as those related to executive functioning, which could affect the daily life activities. The present study was designed to explore the predictive relationship between executive functions according to Miyake's model and the basic and instrumental skills of everyday functioning in a group of persons with HIV (PWH). Participants were recruited from outpatient treatment Hospital and assessed using a neuropsychological battery, a modified version of the Lawton and Brody basic and instrumental activities of daily life (ADL) scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results showed a low score in the executive function and significant relationship between executive functioning and the instrumental skills of the patients, with set-shifting being one of the most powerful predictors. The processes of executive functioning, particularly set-shifting, are related to the level of functioning in the skills required for independent living in the community, but not the skills of independent living in the home. This study seems to suggest the utility of assessing executive functions as a preventive measure for the development of dependencies in normal daily instrumental skills and as the focus of interdisciplinary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González-Andrade
- Departamento de Psicología de la Educación y Psicobiología, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Amalia García-Torres
- Hogar GERASA, Unidad Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Cádiz, Sapin.,Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esperanza Vergara-Moragues
- Hogar GERASA, Unidad Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Cádiz, Sapin.,Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Torres AG, González-Andrade A, Fernández Muñoz JJ, García MP, Vergara-Moragues E. Objective memory as an indicator of functional impairment in native Spanish-speaking patients with HIV infection. AIDS Care 2019; 31:1540-1547. [PMID: 30957528 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1601673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective memory is one of the most affected cognitive areas in patients with HIV and perhaps one of the best predictors of daily functioning problems. Its relationship with biological markers, mood symptoms, and cognitive complaint is unclear and has received little attention in native Spanish-speakers. The goal of this study is to explore the relationships between the above-mentioned variables and their prediction of objective memory performance in native Spanish-speakers. HIV-related biological markers, mood symptoms, cognitive complaint, and objective memory were assessed in a sample native Spanish-speaking HIV patient with possible cognitive impairment. The results revealed deficit in short- and long-term memory while recognition was retained. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the combination of independent variables significantly predicted performance in recognition, indicating that the pattern of impairment in short- and long-term memory is related to a difficulty to learn new information discriminately. The non-prediction of short- and long-term memory performance may be related to the inability to estimate the deficit in objective memory. These results show the need to perform specific interventions in mnesic processes, in view of the relation between this cognitive process and patients' daily functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia García Torres
- Hogar GERASA, Unidad Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Juan José Fernández Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Area of Behavioral Sciences Methodology, Rey Juan Carlos University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez García
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Esperanza Vergara-Moragues
- Hogar GERASA, Unidad Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real , Cádiz , Spain.,Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR) , Logroño , Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Madrid , Spain
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Neuropsychological functioning in methadone maintenance patients with HIV. REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rlp.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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