Place de la chirurgie dans le cancer bronchique non à petites cellules métastatique

Lidocaine inhibited migration of NSCLCA549 cells via the CXCR4 regulation

BACKGROUND:

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that wildly used in surgical treatment and postoperative medical care for lung cancers. We hypothesized that lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration can inhibit CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-regulated cytoskeletal remodeling thereby reduce the migration of Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) cells.

METHODS:

We determined the effect of lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration on CXCL12-induced cell viability, apoptosis, cell death, monolayer cell wound healing rate, individual cell migration indicators, expression of CXCR4, CD44, and ICAM-1, intracellular Ca2+ level, and filamentous actin level alteration of NSCLC cells A549 and CXCR4-knocked down A549 cells using CCK-8, Bcl-2 ELISA, Cell death ELISA, wound healing assay, chemotaxis assay, western blotting, QPCR, Fura-2-based intracellular Ca2+ assay, and Fluorescein Phalloidin staining respectively.

RESULTS:

Lidocaine did not affect cell viability, apoptosis, and cell death but inhibited CXCL12-induced migration, intracellular Ca2+ releasing, and filamentous actin increase. Lidocaine decreased expression of CXCR4, increased CD44, but had no effect on ICAM-1. CXCL12 induced the increase of CD44 and ICAM-1 but did not affect CD44 in the presence of lidocaine. The knockdown of CXCR4 eliminated all the effects of lidocaine. The overexpression of CXCR4 promoted migration but the migration was inhibited by lidocaine.

CONCLUSION:

Lidocaine at clinical plasma concentrations inhibited CXCL12-induced CXCR4 activation, thereby reduced the intracellular Ca2+-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in slower migration of A549 cells.

Surgical Intervention Improves Survival for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Surgical intervention for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. This study sought to evaluate the clinical effects of surgical intervention on survival in patients with stage IV NSCLCs and to identify the cohort benefitting the most from surgery.A retrospective study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was performed to compare the survival of stage IV NSCLC patients who had undergone surgery with those who did not undergo surgery. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.The total number of eligible patients was 43,538, including 16.8% in the M1a stage and 83.2% in the M1b stage. The percentages of patients with no surgery (NONE), only metastatic tumor resection (MTR), only primary tumor resection (PTR), and both primary and metastatic tumor resection (PMTR) were 89.0%, 6.7%, 3.5%, and 0.8%, respectively; the corresponding 5-year survival rates were 2.0%, 4.0%, 13.0%, and 20.0%, respectively (P < 0.001); and the corresponding OS rates were 11.1 months, 14.7 months, 29.4 months, and 34.9 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Notably, the pairwise comparisons of 5-year survival rate and OS among the subgroups were all statistically significant. The multivariate analysis showed that surgical intervention was correlated with longer survival in patients with stage IV NSCLC. The stratified analysis showed significant differences in the OS on strata of the M1a stage and strata of the M1b stage. In the M1a stage, patients with PTR had significantly better OS than those with NONE (P < 0.001) or MTR (P < 0.001) but showed no significant differences compared with those with PMTR (P = 0.174); patients with MTR did not have prolonged survival compared with patients with NONE (P = 0.185), and they also did not have prolonged survival compared with patients with PMTR (P = 0.052). In the M1b stage, pairwise comparisons of OS were all statistically significant among the subgroups (P < 0.001).Surgical intervention can prolong survival to different degrees according to the modalities of surgery in stage IV NSCLC.

[Intrapericardial lung cancer metastases: Is a curative approach feasible?]

INTRODUCTION

Lung cancer metastases are classified M1a and M1b. Studies on patients with pleural invasion graded M1a have demonstrated the possibility of prolonged survival following multimodality treatment, but this has not been reported for M1a pericardial involvement.

CASE REPORT

A 59-year-old man underwent lung surgery for a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma TTF1+ with K-ras mutation. He was staged as pT4N0 because of a nodule in another ipsilateral lobe. A pericardial effusion with imminent tamponade occurred during the postoperative course necessitating drainage leading to the discovery of pericardial metastases and restaging as pT4N0M1a. Adjuvant treatment was performed and the patient remains alive and disease free 3 years later.

CONCLUSIONS

Management of pericardial M1a might be refined as has been the case in pleural M1a disease. Biological data might allow more precise classification and treatment. N0-N1 and non-T3-T4 by invasion patients might in selected cases benefit from surgery included as part of multimodal therapy.

[Pleural lymphatics and effusions]

The pleural lymphatic system has a great absorption capacity. Its most known function is fluid resorption. The pleura which cover the lungs (visceral pleura), the mediastinum, diaphragm and thoracic wall (parietal pleura) are formed by a mesothelial cell layer (mesothelium). This permeable layer is in direct contact with the vascular endothelium. The mesothelium is based over a connective tissue (interstitium) containing the blood and lymphatic vessels. The primary lymphatic vessels drain interstitium but are also in direct contact with pleural space by the stoma or openings, situated in the lower parts of parietal pleura, i.e: diaphragm, over lower ribs and mediastinum but not existing in the adjacent visceral pleura. In addition, a part of interstitial pulmonary fluid entered in the pleural cavity by passing the visceral pleura would be absorbed by these openings. The resorption process is active and directly related to the function of smooth muscles of lymphatic vessels. Besides resorption, we must emphasize that this "pumping" activity is permanent and the origin of negative pressure (the pleural void) in pleural cavity, a unique property. The other resorbed elements are molecules, bacterial and cellular debris, cells, red blood and cancer cells.