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Bouhamdi A, Es-Sabbahi B, Amiali R, Serraj M, Biaz M, Benjelloun MC, Amara B. Thirteen Cases of Pulmonary Pneumocystis in HIV-Negative Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e43409. [PMID: 37706120 PMCID: PMC10496727 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report 13 cases of pulmonary pneumocystis (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients. Of eight males and five females, with a mean age of 55 years, one had breast neoplasia, two had common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), one had an autoimmune disease "Goodpasture's syndrome", and one had idiopathic fibrosis (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis (NIP)) undergoing prolonged corticosteroid therapy for two years, with no known immunosuppression in the remaining cases. The clinical picture was characterized by constant dyspnea and severe hypoxia in 11 cases. Lymphopenia was present in nine cases with an average rate of 920.76 elements/mm3. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCJ) from induced sputum, except in two cases where analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was required. With trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and corticosteroid therapy, the course was favorable in all cases. Prophylactic treatment was indicated in three cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Bouhamdi
- Pulmonology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, MAR
| | - Btissame Es-Sabbahi
- Pulmonology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, MAR
| | - Rajae Amiali
- Pulmonology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, MAR
| | - Mounia Serraj
- Pulmonology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, MAR
| | - Mohamed Biaz
- Pulmonology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, MAR
| | - Mohamed Chakib Benjelloun
- Pulmonology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, MAR
| | - Bouchra Amara
- Pulmonology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, MAR
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Zhang Z, Li Q, Shen X, Liao L, Wang X, Song M, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Yang Y. The medication for pneumocystis pneumonia with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:957376. [PMID: 36160421 PMCID: PMC9490050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.957376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunity acquired infection, which is usually easy to occur in patients with AIDS, organ transplantation, and immunosuppressive drugs. The prevention and treatment must be necessary for PCP patients with immunocompromise. And the oxidants are currently a typical regimen, including sulfanilamide, dapsone, primaquine, etc. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked gene-disease that affects about 400 million people worldwide. The lack of G6PD in this population results in a decrease in intracellular glutathione synthesis and a weakening of the detoxification ability of the oxidants. As a result, oxidants can directly damage haemoglobin in red blood cells, inducing methemoglobin and hemolysis. When patients with G6PD deficiency have low immunity, they are prone to PCP infection, so choosing drugs that do not induce hemolysis is essential. There are no clear guidelines to recommend the drug choice of this kind of population at home and abroad. This paper aims to demonstrate the drug choice for PCP patients with G6PD deficiency through theoretical research combined with clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Li
- Department of Medical, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lankai Liao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ziyang People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yulian Zhu, ; Yong Yang,
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yulian Zhu, ; Yong Yang,
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Lakoh S, Orefuwa E, Kamara MN, Jiba DF, Kamara JB, Kpaka S, Denning DW. The burden of serious fungal infections in Sierra Leone: a national estimate. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211027996. [PMID: 34262759 PMCID: PMC8252340 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211027996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sierra Leone is a small, resource-limited country that has a low national prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a very high burden of tuberculosis (TB). Fungal diseases are probably common, but poorly documented. In this article, we reviewed the existing literature on fungal epidemiology in Sierra Leone using national, regional, and international data, identified knowledge gaps, and propose solutions to address the challenges on the prevention and control of fungal diseases in Sierra Leone and similar countries. In advanced HIV disease, we estimate 300 cryptococcal meningitis, 640 Pneumocystis pneumonia, and over 4000 esophageal candidiasis cases annually. Chronic lung disease is common, with an estimated 6000 cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, many mistaken for TB, 5000 adults with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating asthma, and probably over 6600 cases of severe asthma with fungal sensitization. Invasive aspergillosis is estimated at 478 cases. None of these diagnoses are made in Sierra Leone at present. Major burdens are recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (85,400) and tinea capitis in children (266,450). Improvement in fungal disease diagnosis in Sierra Leone will enable better estimates to be made and reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, New England, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Emma Orefuwa
- Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matilda N Kamara
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Darlinda F Jiba
- University of Sierra Leone Teaching Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Joseph B Kamara
- University of Sierra Leone Teaching Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Sylaju Kpaka
- School of Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | - David W Denning
- Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
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Luque Paz D, Jouneau S, Tattevin P, Ricordel C. Pneumocystis in metastatic lung cancer, a pragmatic approach in support of prophylaxis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e232895. [PMID: 34183310 PMCID: PMC8240585 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer prognosis has improved in the last decade, including in patients with brain metastasis. However, few of these patients who receive corticosteroids have a primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). We report the case of an 80-year-old man diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and concomitant symptomatic brain metastases, treated with 50 mg/day of prednisolone without any prophylaxis, who presented an acute PJP. After 72 hours of unsuccessful treatment of PJP, the patient died. In our review of this case and the existing literature, we emphasise the importance of a wide use of prophylaxis for PJP, especially in advanced lung cancer treated with corticosteroid therapy. We discuss this issue and report current evidence for primary prophylaxis by trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Luque Paz
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stephane Jouneau
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Tattevin
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Charles Ricordel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
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Wu HY, Wu KS, Huang YL, Dai SH, Chang DY, Kuo SH, Chen SY, Chou CC, Weng YW, Tseng YT, Chen JK, Sy CL, Tsai HC, Lee SSJ, Chen YS. Identifying predictors for bacterial and fungal coinfection on chest computed tomography in patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:701-709. [PMID: 32660889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection with high mortality in individuals with decreased immunity. Pulmonary coinfections with PCP are associated with poor prognosis. The study aims to identify radiological predictors for pulmonary coinfections in patients with PCP and risk factors for mortality. METHODS This is a retrospective, five-year study was conducted in a medical center, enrolling patients diagnosed with PCP, who received a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. The radiological findings and medical records of all participants were reviewed carefully by 2 independent doctors. Univariable and multivariable analysis was performed to identify radiological predictors for pulmonary coinfection and clinical risk factors for poor prognosis. RESULTS A total of 101 participants were included, of which 39 were HIV-infected and 62 were non-HIV-infected. In multivariable analysis, radiologic predictors on chest CT for coinfection with bacteria pneumonia included lack of ground glass opacity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03-19.77; p = 0.001) and presence of pleural effusion (aOR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.27-10.99; p = 0.017). Predictors for fungal pneumonia included diffuse consolidation (adjusted OR, 6.27; 95% CI, 1.72-22.86; p = 0.005) and presence of pleural effusion (adjusted OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 1.44-19.17; p = 0.012). A significantly higher in-hospital mortality was associated with older age, recent corticosteroid exposure, cytomegalovirus coinfection, and acute respiratory failure. CONCLUSION Early identification of pulmonary coinfections in PCP using radiological features on the CT scans, will enable appropriate treatment which is crucial to improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yi Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Sheng Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Luan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shr-Hau Dai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yu Chang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Kuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Chou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wei Weng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Kuang Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Len Sy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chin Tsai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shin-Jung Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Cillóniz C, Dominedò C, Álvarez-Martínez MJ, Moreno A, García F, Torres A, Miro JM. Pneumocystis pneumonia in the twenty-first century: HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:787-801. [PMID: 31550942 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1671823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) has classically been described as a serious complication in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the emerging number of conditions associated with immunosuppression has led to its appearance in other patient populations. Areas covered: This article reviews the most recent publications on PcP in the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected population, focusing on epidemiology, diagnostic, therapy and prevention. The data discussed here were mainly obtained from a non-systematic review using Medline and references from relevant articles including randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, observational studies and clinical reviews. Expert opinion: The growing incidence of Pneumocystis infection in the HIV-uninfected population suggests the need for new global epidemiological studies in order to identify the true scale of the disease in this population. These data would allow us to improve diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and clinical management. It is very important that both patients and physicians realize that HIV-uninfected patients are at risk of PcP and that rapid diagnosis and early initiation of treatment are associated with better prognosis. Currently, in-hospital mortality rates are very high: 15% for HIV-infected patients and 50% in some HIV-uninfected patients. Therefore, adequate preventive measures should be implemented to avoid the high mortality rates seen in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cillóniz
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona; SGR 911; Biomedical Research Networking Centres in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cristina Dominedò
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Asunción Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona; SGR 911; Biomedical Research Networking Centres in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - José M Miro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Lee EH, Kim EY, Lee SH, Roh YH, Leem AY, Song JH, Kim SY, Chung KS, Jung JY, Kang YA, Kim YS, Chang J, Park MS. Risk factors and clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2094. [PMID: 30765832 PMCID: PMC6375945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid malignancies are associated with the development of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for PJP among patients with lung cancer. This retrospective case-control study compared patients who had lung cancer with PJP (n = 112) or without PJP (n = 336) matched according to age, sex, histopathology, and stage. PJP definition was based on (i) positive PCR or direct immunofluorescence results for pneumocystis, (ii) clinical symptoms and radiological abnormalities that were consistent with a pneumonic process, and (iii) received targeted PJP treatment. The development of PJP was associated with radiotherapy (RTx), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRTx), lymphopenia, and prolonged high-dose steroid therapy (20 mg of prednisolone equivalent per day for ≥3 weeks). Multivariate analysis revealed independent associations with prolonged high-dose steroid therapy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-3.63; p = 0.032) and CCRTx (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.27-3.43; p = 0.004). Steroid use was frequently related to RTx pneumonitis or esophagitis (29 patients, 43.3%). Prolonged high-dose steroid therapy and CCRTx were risk factors for PJP development among patients with lung cancer. As these patients had a poor prognosis, clinicians should consider PJP prophylaxis for high-risk patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ho Roh
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Leem
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Song
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yee Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ae Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mu XD, Jia P, Gao L, Su L, Zhang C, Wang RG, Wang GF. Relationship between Radiological Stages and Prognoses of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non-AIDS Immunocompromised Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2020-5. [PMID: 27569225 PMCID: PMC5009582 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.189068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although radiological features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) immunocompromised patients have been reported by other authors, there were no studies on the radiological stages of PCP previously. This study aimed to elucidate the radiological stages and prognoses of PCP in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of radiological manifestations and prognoses of 105 non-AIDS PCP immunocompromised patients from August 2009 to April 2016 was conducted. Chest radiograph was divided into three stages: early stage (normal or nearly normal chest radiograph), mid stage (bilateral pulmonary infiltrates), and late stage (bilateral pulmonary consolidations); chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was also divided into three stages: early stage (bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacity [GGO]), mid stage (bilateral diffuse GGO and patchy consolidations), and late stage (bilateral diffuse consolidations). Results: The case fatality rate (CFR) of all patients was 34.3% (36/105), all of them took routine chest X-ray (CXR), and 84 underwent chest CT examinations. According to the CXR most near the beginning of anti-PCP therapy, 18 cases were at early stage and CFR was 0 (0/18, P < 0.01), 50 cases were at mid stage and CFR was 28.0% (14/50, P > 0.05), and 37 cases were at late stage and CFR was 59.5% (22/37, P < 0.01). According to the chest HRCT most near the beginning of anti-PCP therapy, 40 cases were at early stage and CFR was 20.0% (8/40, P > 0.05), 34 cases were at mid stage and CFR was 47.1% (16/34, P > 0.05), and 10 cases were at late stage and CFR was 80.0% (8/10, P < 0.05); barotrauma, including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumohypoderma, was found in 18 cases and the CFR was 77.8% (14/18, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Based on the radiological manifestations, the course of PCP in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients can be divided into three stages: early stage, mid stage, and late stage. The prognoses of patients treated at early stage are good, and those at late stage are poor. Furthermore, the CFR of patients with barotrauma is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ren-Gui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guang-Fa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Bouguerba A, Ayed S, Roux A, Bornstain C, Vincent F. Questions non résolues sur la pneumocystose pulmonaire chez les patients VIH négatifs. Rev Mal Respir 2016; 33:555-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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