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Mao Y, Di W, Zong D, Mu Z, He X. Machine learning-based radiomics nomograms to predict number of fields in postoperative IMRT for breast cancer. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024; 25:e14194. [PMID: 37910655 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Radiotherapy is an important part of the treatment for breast cancer, while setting proper number of fields dramatically affects the benefits one can receive. Machine learning and radiomics have been widely investigated in the management of breast cancer. This study aims to provide models to predict the best number of fields based on machine learning and improve the prediction performance by adding clinical factors. METHODS Two-hundred forty-two breast cancer patients were retrospectively enrolled for this study, all of whom received postoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy. The patients were randomized into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Radiomics shape features were extracted for eight machine learning algorithms to predict the number of fields. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were implemented to screen clinical factors. A combined model of rad-score and clinical factors were finally constructed. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve, precision, recall, F1 measure and accuracy were used to evaluate the model. RESULTS Random Forest outperformed from eight machine learning algorithms while predicting the number of fields. Prediction performance of the radiomics model was better than the clinical model, while the predictive nomogram combining the rad-score and clinical factors performed the best. CONCLUSIONS The model combining rad-score and clinical factors performed the best. Nomograms constructed from the combined models can be of reliable references for medical dosimetrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Mao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Di
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zong
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongde Mu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia He
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Nawapun S, Thamronganantasakul K, Semanukun K, Patthanasetpong P. Comparison of Mammographic Findings after Conventional Radiotherapy and forward Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Breast Conservative Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:265-272. [PMID: 38285793 PMCID: PMC10911708 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.1.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine and compare mammographic findings after conventional radiotherapy and forward intensity-modulated radiation therapy for breast conservation. METHODS Eighty-six patients with BCT (373 mammograms) were included between 2010-2015 and had post-treatment mammograms available for review. All mammograms were taken with an 18 × 24 cm detector and 0.070 mm pixel size (Selenia Dimensions, Hologic, Marlborough, Massachusetts, US). We documented the radiation technique, dose, and mammographic findings (e.g., edema, thickening, scarring, and calcification). We tracked the stability duration for each patient and grouped mammographic findings into 1-, 2, and 3 years post-treatment. SPSS version 26 and Stata version 18 were used for analysis. RESULTS The FIMRT group received a lower total radiation dose (p=0.030), a higher dose per fraction (p=0.030), and a lower maximum skin dose (p<0.001). The time to stable was shorter in the FIMRT group (975 days for CRT vs. 478 days for FIMRT; p=0.001). Among the 86 patients, the FIMRT group showed less breast parenchymal edema and noticeable scarring at 1, 2, and 3 years post-treatment than the CRT group, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In the FIMRT group, post-BCT mammographic findings, including breast parenchymal edema and marked scar appearance, were fewer than those in the CRT group, and the duration to stable was significantly reduced.
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Takabi FS, Broomand MA, Nickfarjam A, Asadi A, Namiranian N. Determination and comparison of dosimetric parameters of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, field in field, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques in radiotherapy of breast conserving patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:624-632. [PMID: 37470585 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_234_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Three radiation therapy techniques for breast are common, namely three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), Field-in-Field (FIF), and Intensıty-Modulated Radıotherapy (IMRT). The purpose of this study was to determine and compare dosimetric parameters of three different treatment planning planning types; 3D-CRT, FIF, and IMRT in target and normal tissues after breast-conserving surgery. Methods One hundred patients with left or right breast cancer cooperated in this study. They were divided into three categories (small, medium, and large size) based on breast volume. Three treatment planning techniques were carried out by planner for each patient in Prowess® 5.2 Treatment Planning System. The dosimetric parameters were obtained from dose-volume histograms using the CERR software (MATLAB Company, Washington, USA), which runs as an add-on in MATLAB software. Results 3D-CRT technique with the highest value of Dmax creates more hot spots than the other techniques in the tumor region (P = 0.013). IMRT and FIF showed the best uniformity compared to 3D-CRT in all groups with respect to the values of the parameters D98 and D2. IMRT provided the best coverage in the tumor compared to other methods (P < 0.001). 3D-CRT technique yielded a high volume receiving ≥107% of the prescription dose (P < 0.001). Among the three methods, the FIF method results in a lower dose to the lung for treatment based on the V5 and V20 parameters (P < 0.001). Homogeneity index for IMRT was better than FIF, as well as, conformity index (CI) for IMRT and FIF was better than 3D-CRT. Conclusion IMRT and FIF plans offered excellent target coverage and uniformity, whereas FIF had better protection of healthy tissues. Thus FIF method is an efficient method to improve the quality of treatment for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shirani Takabi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Broomand
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nickfarjam
- Department of Medical Physics; Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine; Radiotherapy Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Asadi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasim Namiranian
- Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Bataille B, Raoudha B, Le Tinier F, Basson L, Escande A, Langin H, Tresch E, Crop F, Darloy F, Carlier D, Lartigau E, Pasquier D. Prospective Study of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123852. [PMID: 33419316 PMCID: PMC7766204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tomotherapy is a modern intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique, whose aim is to reduce the high doses delivered to organs at risk. Thus, we conducted a prospective study evaluating the early and medium-term toxicities, the patient’s quality of life, and the aesthetic outcomes (evaluated by both physicians and patients) of tomotherapy for breast cancer. We wanted to show that this treatment is very well tolerated, with low-grade acute toxicities, and has only a moderate impact on patients’ quality of life and aesthetic outcome, in order to support its larger use in this very frequent situation. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and medium-term toxicities, the quality of life, and aesthetic results of patients with breast cancer (BC) treated with tomotherapy. This was a prospective study, including patients with BC treated by tomotherapy. Radiation therapy delivered 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the breast or chest wall and to lymph node areas, with a simultaneous integrated boost at a dose of 60 Gy at the tumor bed in cases of breast conservative surgery. We included 288 patients, 168 and 120 treated with breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy respectively. Two hundred sixty patients (90.3%) received lymph node irradiation. Median follow-up was 25 months (6–48). Acute dermatitis was observed in 278 patients (96.5%), mostly grade 1 (59.7%). The aesthetic aspect of the breast at one year was reported as “good” or “excellent” in 84.6% of patients. The patients’ quality of life improved over time, especially those treated with chemotherapy. The two-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 97.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 94.1–99.2%), and 93.4% (95% CI: 89.2–96.0%) respectively. Tomotherapy for locally advanced BC has acceptable toxicity, supporting its use in this indication; however, longer follow-up is needed to assess long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bataille
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Bennadji Raoudha
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Florence Le Tinier
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Laurent Basson
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Alexandre Escande
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Hélène Langin
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Tresch
- Methodology and Biostatistics Department, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France;
| | - Frederik Crop
- Medical Physics Department, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France;
| | - Franck Darloy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leonard De Vinci center, 59187 Dechy, France; (F.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Damien Carlier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leonard De Vinci center, 59187 Dechy, France; (F.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Eric Lartigau
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
- CRIStAL UMR CNRS 9189, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - David Pasquier
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, 59020 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.R.); (F.L.T.); (L.B.); (A.E.); (H.L.); (E.L.)
- CRIStAL UMR CNRS 9189, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-20-29-59-11; Fax: +33-3-20-29-59-72
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Hammond JB, Kosiorek HE, Cronin PA, Rebecca AM, Casey WJ, Wong WW, Vargas CE, Vern-Gross TZ, McGee LA, Pockaj BA. Capsular contracture in the modern era: A multidisciplinary look at the incidence and risk factors after mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction. Am J Surg 2020; 221:1005-1010. [PMID: 32988607 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture causes pain, poor cosmesis, and reoperations. This study analyzes its incidence and risk factors in a more modern treatment era. METHODS Patients undergoing mastectomy with implant reconstruction from 2010 to 18 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analysis evaluated rates and risk factors for capsular contracture. RESULTS Among 451 patients, the majority underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy (262, 58.1%) with one-stage reconstruction (283, 62.7%) utilizing subpectoral implants (353, 77.4%) and acellular dermal matrix (354, 78.5%). Overall capsular contracture incidence was 9.8%; the rate after post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) was 18.7%, and 7.5% for patients without PMRT. Significant factors included neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.006), hematoma (P = 0.047), and PMRT (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that PMRT increased risk of capsular contracture (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.55-6.26, P = 0.001), and adjuvant chemotherapy was protective (OR = 0.289, 95% CI 0.114-0.731, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Incidence of capsular contracture is lower than previously reported. Advancing therapeutic techniques may reduce the risk of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Hammond
- Division of Surgical Oncology & Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Heidi E Kosiorek
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patricia A Cronin
- Division of Surgical Oncology & Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alanna M Rebecca
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - William J Casey
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Carlos E Vargas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lisa A McGee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Barbara A Pockaj
- Division of Surgical Oncology & Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Flores-Martinez E, Kim GY, Yashar CM, Cerviño LI. Dosimetric study of the plan quality and dose to organs at risk on tangential breast treatments using the Halcyon linac. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:58-67. [PMID: 31183967 PMCID: PMC6612683 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the plan quality and doses to the heart, contralateral breast (CB), ipsilateral lung (IL), and contralateral lung (CL) in tangential breast treatments using the Halcyon linac with megavoltage setup fields. Methods Radiotherapy treatment plans with tangential beams from 25 breast cancer patients previously treated on a C‐arm linac were replanned for Halcyon. Thirteen corresponded to right‐sided breasts and 12 to left‐sided breasts, all with a dose prescription of 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Plans were created with the following setup imaging techniques: low‐dose (LD) MVCBCT, high‐quality (HQ) MVCBCT, LD‐MV and HQ‐MV pairs and the imaging dose was included in the plans. Plan quality metric values for the lumpectomy cavity, whole‐breast and doses to the organs at risk (OARs) were measured and compared with those from the original plans. Results No significant differences in plan quality were observed between the original and Halcyon plans. An increase in the mean dose (Mean) for all the organs was observed for the Halcyon plans. For right‐sided plans, the accumulated Mean over the 25 fractions in the C‐arm plans was 0.4 ± 0.3, 0.2 ± 0.2, 5.4 ± 1.3, and 0.1 ± 0.1 Gy for the heart, CB, IL, and CL, respectively, while values in the MVCBCT‐LD Halcyon plans were 1.2 ± 0.2, 0.6 ± 0.1, 6.5 ± 1.4, and 0.4 ± 0.1 Gy, respectively. For left‐sided treatments, Mean in the original plans was 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.1 ± 0.0, 4.2 ± 1.2, and 0.0 ± 0.0 Gy, while for the MVCBCT‐LD Halcyon plans values were 1.9 ± 0.2, 0.6 ± 0.2, 5.1 ± 1.2, and 0.5 ± 0.2 Gy, respectively. Conclusions Plan quality for breast treatments using Halcyon is similar to the quality for a 6 MV, C‐arm plan. For treatments using megavoltage setup fields, the dose contribution to OARs from the imaging fields can be equal or higher than the dose from treatment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Flores-Martinez
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gwe-Ya Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Catheryn M Yashar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura I Cerviño
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Chan TY, Tang JI, Tan PW, Roberts N. Dosimetric evaluation and systematic review of radiation therapy techniques for early stage node-negative breast cancer treatment. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4853-4870. [PMID: 30425577 PMCID: PMC6205528 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is essential in treating women with early stage breast cancer. Early stage node-negative breast cancer (ESNNBC) offers a good prognosis; hence, late effects of breast RT becomes increasingly important. Recent literature suggests a potential for an increase in cardiac and pulmonary events after RT. However, these studies have not taken into account the impact of newer and current RT techniques that are now available. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the clinical evidence for each technique and determine the optimal radiation technique for ESNNBC treatment. Currently, six RT techniques are consistently used and studied: 1) prone positioning, 2) proton beam RT, 3) intensity-modulated RT, 4) breath-hold, 5) partial breast irradiation, and 6) intraoperative RT. These techniques show dosimetric promise. However, limited data on late cardiac and pulmonary events exist due to challenges in long-term follow-up. Moving forward, future studies are needed to validate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of these current techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Y Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Johann I Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Poh Wee Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Neill Roberts
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Lancellotta V, Iacco M, Perrucci E, Falcinelli L, Zucchetti C, de Bari B, Saldi S, Aristei C. Comparing four radiotherapy techniques for treating the chest wall plus levels III-IV draining nodes after breast reconstruction. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20160874. [PMID: 29474098 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the dosimetric outcomes of four radiotherapy (RT) techniques for treating the chest wall plus draining nodes after mastectomy and breast reconstruction. METHODS Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, linac-based intensity modulated RT, helical tomotherapy (HT) and direct tomotherapy treatments were planned for 40 breast cancer patients. Dose prescription was 50 Gy. Plans were compared in terms of doses to the planning target volume, organs at risk and the homogeneity index. The non-parametric Friedman test for paired data and the Conover post hoc analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS HT provided the highest D90 and D98% and the lowest HI, V107% and D2%. HT was associated with the lowest D2% and V25 Gy to the heart in left-sided treatments but the mean cardiac dose was highest. HT provided the highest V5 Gy and V20 Gy to the ipsilateral lung, but the V30 Gy was lower. The contralateral breast and lung were more exposed with HT. CONCLUSION The present dosimetric study together with daily use of CT-MV image guided RT have led us to opt for HT after mastectomy and breast reconstruction and to draw up a suitable protocol for treating the chest wall and levels III and IV draining nodes. Advances in knowledge: HT is a suitable for treating the chest wall and levels III and IV draining nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lancellotta
- 1 Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy.,2 Medical Physics Unit, Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy
| | - Martina Iacco
- 1 Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy.,2 Medical Physics Unit, Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Falcinelli
- 3 Radiation Oncology Division, Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy
| | - Claudio Zucchetti
- 1 Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy.,2 Medical Physics Unit, Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy
| | - Berardino de Bari
- 4 Department of radiation Oncology, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, INSERM U1098 EFS/BFC , Besançon , France
| | - Simonetta Saldi
- 5 Radiation Oncology Section, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Cynthia Aristei
- 1 Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy.,2 Medical Physics Unit, Perugia General Hospital , Perugia , Italy
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Chung MJ, Kim SH, Lee JH, Suh YJ. A Dosimetric Comparative Analysis of TomoDirect and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Early Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2015; 18:57-62. [PMID: 25834612 PMCID: PMC4381124 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2015.18.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare dosimetric parameters of intensity-modulated mode of TomoDirect and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with early breast cancer. METHODS TomoDirect and 3D-CRT planning were carried out for 26 patients with early breast cancer who had received breast-conserving surgery. A total of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions were prescribed to the planning target volume. The organs at risk (OAR) such as lung and heart were contoured. Planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage, radiation conformity index (RCI), radical dose homogeneity index (rDHI), and irradiation dose of organs at risk were compared between TomoDirect and 3D-CRT planning. RESULTS The mean PTV dose (51.65±0.37 Gy) and V47.8 (100%) in TomoDirect were significantly higher than the mean PTV dose (50.88±0.65 Gy) and V47.8 (89.23%±0.06%) in 3D-CRT (all, p<0.001). The RCI value in TomoDirect was significantly better than that in 3D-CRT (1.00 vs. 1.13, p<0.001). However, the rDHI value in TomoDirect was not significantly better than that in 3D-CRT (0.72 vs. 0.67, p=0.056). The mean lung dose and V10, V20, V30, and V40 values of ipsilateral lung in TomoDirect were significantly lower than those in 3D-CRT (all, p<0.05). There is no significant difference in the V10, V20, V30, and V40 values of heart between TomoDirect and 3D-CRT. And the mean dose for heart in TomoDirect was marginally lower than that in 3D-CRT (1.05 Gy vs. 1.62 Gy, p=0.085). The mean dose for left anterior descending coronary artery in left breast cancer was significantly lower in TomoDirect than in 3D-CRT (7.2 Gy vs. 12.1 Gy, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Compared to 3D-CRT, TomoDirect could result in favorable target coverage while reducing the irradiation dose of the ipsilateral lung for patients with early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Joo Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Jin Suh
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Doses in organs at risk during head and neck radiotherapy using IMRT and 3D-CRT. Radiol Oncol 2012; 46:328-36. [PMID: 23412761 PMCID: PMC3572895 DOI: 10.2478/v10019-012-0050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND.: Treatment planning for head and neck (H&N) cancer is complex due to the number of organs at risk (OAR) located near the planning treatment volume (PTV). Distant OAR must also be taken into consideration. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) are both common H&N treatment techniques with very different planning approaches. Although IMRT allows a better dose conformity in PTV, there is much less evidence as to which technique less dose to OAR is delivered. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare IMRT to 3D-CRT treatment in terms of dose distribution to OAR in H&N cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS.: This was a prospective study of a series of 25 patients diagnosed with stage cT(3-4)N(0-2) laryngeal cancer. All patients underwent total laryngectomy and bilateral selective neck dissections. In all cases, patients were treated with IMRT, although a 3D-CRT treatment plan was also developed for the comparative analysis. To compare doses to specific OAR, we developed a new comparative index based on sub-volumes. RESULTS.: In general, IMRT appears to deliver comparable or greater doses to OAR, although the only significant differences were found in the cerebellum, in which 3D-CRT was found to better spare the organ. CONCLUSIONS.: Organs located outside of the IMRT beam (i.e., distant organs) are generally thought to be well-spared. However, the results of this study show that, in the case of the cerebellum, this was not true. This finding suggests that larger studies should be performed to understand the effects of IMRT on distant tissues. Anthropomorphic phantom studies could also confirm these results.
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Algara M, Arenas M, De Las Peñas Eloisa Bayo D, Muñoz J, Carceller JA, Salinas J, Moreno F, Martínez F, González E, Montero A. Radiation techniques used in patients with breast cancer: Results of a survey in Spain. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2012; 17:122-8. [PMID: 24377012 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the resources and techniques used in the irradiation of patients with breast cancer after lumpectomy or mastectomy and the status of implementation of new techniques and therapeutic schedules in our country. BACKGROUND The demand for cancer care has increased among the Spanish population, as long as cancer treatment innovations have proliferated. Radiation therapy in breast cancer has evolved exponentially in recent years with the implementation of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy, image guided radiotherapy and hypofractionation. MATERIAL AND METHODS An original survey questionnaire was sent to institutions participating in the SEOR-Mama group (GEORM). In total, the standards of practice in 969 patients with breast cancer after surgery were evaluated. RESULTS The response rate was 70% (28/40 centers). In 98.5% of cases 3D conformal treatment was used. All the institutions employed CT-based planning treatment. Boost was performed in 56.4% of patients: electrons in 59.8%, photons in 23.7% and HDR brachytherapy in 8.8%. Fractionation was standard in 93.1% of patients. Supine position was the most frequent. Only 3 centers used prone position. The common organs of risk delimited were: homolateral lung (80.8%) and heart (80.8%). In 84% histograms were used. An 80.8% of the centers used isocentric technique. In 62.5% asymmetric fields were employed. CTV was delimited in 46.2%, PTV in 65% and both in 38.5%. A 65% of the centers checked with portal films. IMRT and hypofractionation were used in 1% and in 5.5% respectively. CONCLUSION In most of centers, 3D conformal treatment and CT-based planning treatment were used. IMRT and hypofractionation are currently poorly implemented in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Algara
- Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Spanish Group (GEORM), Spain
| | | | | | - Julia Muñoz
- Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Spanish Group (GEORM), Spain
| | | | - Juan Salinas
- Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Spanish Group (GEORM), Spain
| | - Ferran Moreno
- Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Spanish Group (GEORM), Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Montero
- Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Spanish Group (GEORM), Spain
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Semaniak A, Jodkiewicz Z, Skowrońska-Gardas A. Segmented photon beams technique for irradiation of postmastectomy patients. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2012; 17:85-92. [PMID: 24377005 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To present the segmented photon beams technique (SPBT) for irradiation of postmastectomy patients. BACKGROUND In majority of techniques for irradiation of posmastectomy patients, a few adjacent photon or electron beams were usually implemented in order to encompass different parts of the target. In the presented SPBT technique, the radiotherapy plan consists of 6 isocentric photon beams and the area CTV includes both the chest wall and the supraclavicular area. This makes it possible to provide a uniform dose to the CTV with no hot and cold points and enables the determination of doses for the entire volume of critical organs. METHODS AND MATERIAL The treatment forward-IMRT plan comprises six isocentric 4 and 15 MV photon beams. Modulation of the dose distribution for each field was obtained by applying three segments on average. The total dose of 45 Gy was administered in 20 fractions. Dose distributions in target volume and organs at risk were evaluated for 70 randomly chosen patients. RESULTS On average, 94.8% of the CTV volume received doses within 95-107% of the prescribed dose. The average volume of the heart receiving a dose of 30 Gy and lager was 2% for patients with left breast cancer. The average dose to the lung on the irradiation side was always lower than 15.5 Gy and the average V20 Gy was below 35.5%. CONCLUSIONS The SPBT complies with requirements for high dose homogeneity within the target volume and satisfactory level of sparing of organs at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Semaniak
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Skłodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Centre-Institute, Wawelska 15, 00-973 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jodkiewicz
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Skłodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Centre-Institute, Wawelska 15, 00-973 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skowrońska-Gardas
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Skłodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Centre-Institute, Wawelska 15, 00-973 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Tomotherapy - a different way of dose delivery in radiotherapy. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2012; 16:16-25. [PMID: 23788850 PMCID: PMC3687380 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2012.27332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Helical tomotherapy is one of the methods of radiotherapy. This method enables treatment implementation for a wide spectrum of clinical cases. The vast array of therapeutic uses of helical tomotherapy results directly from the method of dose delivery, which is significantly different from the classic method developed for conventional linear accelerators. The paper discusses the method of dose delivery by a tomotherapy machine. Moreover, an analysis and presentation of treatment plans was performed in order to show the therapeutic possibilities of the applied technology. Dose distributions were obtained for anaplastic medulloblastoma, multifocal metastases to brain, vulva cancer, tongue cancer, metastases to bones, and advanced skin cancer. Tomotherapy treatment plans were compared with conventional linear accelerator plans. RESULTS Following the comparative analysis of tomotherapy and conventional linear accelerator plans, in each case we obtained the increase in dose distribution conformity manifested in greater homogeneity of doses in the radiation target area for anaplastic medulloblastoma, multifocal metastases to brain, vulva cancer, metastases to bones, and advanced skin cancer, and the reduction of doses in organs at risk (OAR) for anaplastic medulloblastoma, vulva cancer, tongue cancer, and advanced skin cancer. The time of treatment delivery in the case of a tomotherapy machine is comparable to the implementation of the plan prepared in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique for a conventional linear accelerator. In the case of tomotherapy the application of a fractional dose was carried out in each case during one working period of the machine. For a conventional linear accelerator the total value of the fractional dose in the case of anaplastic medulloblastoma and metastases to bones was delivered using several treatment plans, for which a change of set-up was necessary during a fraction. CONCLUSION The obtained results confirm that tomotherapy offers the possibility to obtain precise treatment plans together with the simplification of the therapeutic system.
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Slosarek K, Grządziel A, Osewski W, Dolla L, Bekman B, Petrovic B. Beam rate influence on dose distribution and fluence map in IMRT dynamic technique. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2012; 17:97-103. [PMID: 24377007 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the impact of beam rate on dose distribution in IMRT plans and then to evaluate agreement of calculated and measured dose distributions for various beam rate values. BACKGROUND Accelerators used in radiotherapy utilize some beam rate modes which can shorten irradiation time and thus reduce ability of patient movement during a treatment session. This aspect should be considered in high conformal dynamic techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dose calculation was done for two different beam rates (100 MU/min and 600 MU/min) in an IMRT plan. For both, a comparison of Radiation Planning Index (RPI) and MU was conducted. Secondly, the comparison of optimal fluence maps and corresponding actual fluence maps was done. Next, actual fluence maps were measured and compared with the calculated ones. Gamma index was used for that assessment. Additionally, positions of each leaf of the MLC were controlled by home made software. RESULTS Dose distribution obtained for lower beam rates was slightly better than for higher beam rates in terms of target coverage and risk structure protection. Lower numbers of MUs were achieved in 100 MU/min plans than in 600 MU/min plans. Actual fluence maps converted from optimal ones demonstrated more similarity in 100 MU/min plans. Better conformity of the measured maps to the calculated ones was obtained when a lower beam rate was applied. However, these differences were small. No correlation was found between quality of fluence map conversion and leaf motion accuracy. CONCLUSION Execution of dynamic techniques is dependent on beam rate. However, these differences are minor. Analysis shows a slight superiority of a lower beam rate. It does not significantly affect treatment accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Slosarek
- Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy Planning Department, Center of Oncology - MSC Memorial Institute, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grządziel
- Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy Planning Department, Center of Oncology - MSC Memorial Institute, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Wojciech Osewski
- Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy Planning Department, Center of Oncology - MSC Memorial Institute, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dolla
- Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy Planning Department, Center of Oncology - MSC Memorial Institute, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Barbara Bekman
- Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy Planning Department, Center of Oncology - MSC Memorial Institute, Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Borislava Petrovic
- Radiotherapy Department, Institute of Oncology Vojvodine, Sremska Kamienica, Serbia
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15
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Adamczyk M, Piotrowski T, Adamiak E. Evaluation of combining bony anatomy and soft tissue position correction strategies for IMRT prostate cancer patients. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2012; 17:104-9. [PMID: 24377008 PMCID: PMC3863327 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy treatment requires delivering high homogenous dose to target volume while sparing organs at risk. That is why accurate patient positioning is one of the most important steps during the treatment process. It reduces set-up errors which have a strong influence on the doses given to the target and surrounding tissues. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of combining bony anatomy and soft tissue imaging position correction strategies for patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study based on pre-treatment position verification results determined for 10 patients using kV images and CBCT match. At the same patients' position, two orthogonal kV images and set of CT scans were acquired. Both verification methods gave the information about patients' position changes in vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions. RESULTS For 93 verifications, the mean values of kV shifts in vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions equaled: -0.11 ± 0.54 cm, 0.26 ± 0.38 cm and -0.06 ± 0.47 cm, respectively. The same values achieved for CBCT matching equaled: 0.07 ± 0.62 cm, 0.22 ± 0.36 cm and -0.02 ± 0.45 cm. Statistically significant changes between the values of shifts received during the first week of treatment and the rest time of the irradiation process were found for 2 patients in the lateral direction and 2 patients in vertical direction among kV results and for 3 patients in the longitudinal direction among CBCT results. A significant difference between kV and CBCT match results was found in the vertical direction. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice, CBCT combined with kV or even portal imaging improves precision and effectiveness of prostate cancer treatment accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piotrowski
- Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Adamiak
- Radiotherapy Ward I, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznań, Poland
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Konopacka M, Rogoliński J, Slosarek K. Bystander effects induced by direct and scattered radiation generated during penetration of medium inside a water phantom. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2011; 16:256-61. [PMID: 24376990 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological effects of ionizing radiation have long been thought to results from direct targeting of the nucleus leading to DNA damage. Over the years, a number of non-targeted or epigenetic effects of radiation exposure have been reported where genetic damage occurs in cells that are not directly irradiated but respond to signals transmitted from irradiated cells, a phenomenon termed the "bystander effects". AIM We compared the direct and bystander responses of human A 549, BEAS-2-B and NHDF cell lines exposed to both photon (6 MV) and electron (22 MeV) radiation inside a water phantom. The cultures were directly irradiated or exposed to scattered radiation 4 cm outside the field. In parallel, non-irradiated cells (termed bystander cells) were incubated in ICM (irradiation conditioned medium) collected from another pool of irradiated cells (termed donor cells). MATERIALS AND METHODS In directly irradiated cells as well as ICM-treated cells, the frequency of micronuclei and condensation of chromatin characteristic for the apoptotic process were estimated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. RESULTS In all tested cell lines, radiation induced apoptosis and formation of micronuclei. A549 and BEAS-2B cells cultured in ICM showed increased levels of micronuclei and apoptosis, whereas normal human fibroblasts (NHDF line) were resistant to bystander response. In A549 and BEAS-2B cells placed outside the radiation field and exposed to scattered radiation the formation of micronuclei and induction of apoptosis were similar to that after ICM-treatment. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the genetic damage in cells exposed to scattered radiation is caused by factors released by irradiated cells into the medium rather than by DNA damage induced directly by X rays. It seems that bystander effects may have important clinical implications for health risk after low level radiation exposure of cells lying outside the radiation field during clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Konopacka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jacek Rogoliński
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Slosarek
- Department of Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy Treatment Planning, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
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17
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Ayata HB, Güden M, Ceylan C, Kücük N, Engin K. Comparison of dose distributions and organs at risk (OAR) doses in conventional tangential technique (CTT) and IMRT plans with different numbers of beam in left-sided breast cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2011; 16:95-102. [PMID: 24376964 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to improve dose distribution to the left breast and to determine the dose received by the ipsilateral lung, heart, contralateral lung and contralateral breast during primary left-sided breast irradiation by using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques compared to conventional tangential techniques (CTT). At the same time, different beams of IMRT plans were compared to each other in respect to CI, HI and organs at risk (OAR) dose. BACKGROUND Conventional early breast cancer treatment consists of lumpectomy followed by whole breast radiation therapy. CTT is a traditional method used for whole breast radiotherapy and includes standard wedged tangents (two opposed wedged tangential photon beams). The IMRT technique has been widely used for many treatment sites, allowing both improved sparing of normal tissues and more conformal dose distributions. IMRT is a new technique for whole breast radiotherapy. IMRT is used to improve conformity and homogeneity and used to reduce OAR doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with left-sided breast carcinoma were treated between 2005 and 2008 using 6, 18 or mixed 6/18 MV photons for primary breast irradiation following breast conserving surgery (BCS). The clinical target volume [CTV] was contoured as a target volume and the contralateral breast, ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung and heart tissues as organs at risk (OAR). IMRT with seven beams (IMRT7), nine beams (IMRT9) and 11 beams (IMRT11) plans were developed and compared with CTT and among each other. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and doses to OAR were compared to each other. RESULTS ALL OF IMRT PLANS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED CI (CTT: 0.76; IMRT7: 0.84; IMRT9: 0.84; IMRT11: 0.85), HI (CTT: 1.16; IMRT7: 1.12; IMRT9: 1.11; IMRT11: 1.11), volume of the ipsilateral lung receiving more than 20 Gy (>V20 Gy) (CTT: 14.6; IMRT7: 9.08; IMRT9: 8.10; IMRT11: 8.60), and volume of the heart receiving more than 30 Gy (>V30 Gy) (CTT: 6.7; IMRT7: 4.04; IMRT9: 2.80; IMRT11: 2.98) compared to CTT. All IMRT plans were found to significantly decrease >V20 Gy and >V30 Gy volumes compared to conformal plans. But IMRT plans increased the volume of OAR receiving low dose radiotherapy: volume of contralateral lung receiving 5 and 10 Gy (CTT: 0.0-0.0; IMRT7: 19.0-0.7; IMRT9: 17.2-0.66; IMRT11: 18.7-0.58, respectively) and volume of contralateral breast receiving 10 Gy (CTT: 0.03; IMRT7: 0.38; IMRT9: 0.60; IMRT11: 0.68). The differences among IMRT plans with increased number of beams were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION IMRT significantly improved conformity and homogeneity index for plans. Heart and lung volumes receiving high doses were decreased, but OAR receiving low doses was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Bas Ayata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Güden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Cemile Ceylan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nadir Kücük
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kayihan Engin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Deantonio L, Masini L, Loi G, Gambaro G, Bolchini C, Krengli M. Detection of setup uncertainties with 3D surface registration system for conformal radiotherapy of breast cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2011; 16:77-81. [PMID: 24376961 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical application of a technique for patient set-up verification in breast cancer radiotherapy based on a 3D surface image registration system. BACKGROUND Accurate and reproducible patient set-up is a prerequisite to correctly deliver fractionated radiotherapy. Various approaches are available to verify and correct patient setup for 3D image acquisition in a radiation treatment room. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study analyzed the setup reproducibility of 15 patients affected by breast cancer and candidates for conformal radiotherapy by using the AlignRT system (VisionRT, London, UK). At the initial setup, electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images were compared with Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) and a reference three-dimensional (3D) surface image was obtained by AlignRT. Surface images were acquired prior to every subsequent setup procedure. The systematic and random errors along longitudinal and vertical directions were measured and compared for the two systems. RESULTS The procedure for surface registration, image acquisition and comparison with the reference image took less than 1 min on average. The T test for systematic error showed no significant difference between the 2 verification systems along the longitudinal (p = 0.69) and vertical (p = 0.67) axes. The T-test for random error showed a significant difference between the 2 systems along the vertical axis (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION AlignRT is fast, simple, non-invasive and seems to be reliable in detecting patient setup errors. Our results suggest that it could be used to assess the setup reproducibility for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Deantonio
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Masini
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Loi
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambaro
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Cesare Bolchini
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Krengli
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of "Piemonte Orientale", Novara, Italy
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Verification in the water phantom of the irradiation time calculation done by the algorithm used in intraoperative radiotherapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2010; 15:132-7. [PMID: 24376939 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The investigation of the irradiation time calculation accuracy of the GGPB algorithm used for IORT. BACKGROUND Conventionally, breast conserving therapy consists of breast conserving surgery followed by postoperative whole breast irradiation and boost. The use of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) enables the boost to be delivered already during the surgery. In this case, the treatment dose for IORT can be calculated by use of General Gaussian Pencil Beam (GGPB) algorithm, which is implemented in TPS Eclipse. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDDs and OFs for electron beams from Mobetron and all available applicators were measured in order to configure the GGPB algorithm. Afterwards, the irradiation times for the prescribed dose of 3 Gy were calculated by means of it. The results of calculations were verified in the water phantom using the Marcus ionization chamber. RESULTS The results differed between energies. For 6 MeV the irradiation times calculated by the GGPB algorithm were correct, for the energy of 9 MeV they were too small and for the energy of 4 MeV they were too large for applicators with smaller diameters, while acceptable for the remaining ones. CONCLUSION The GGPB algorithm can be used in intraoperative radiotherapy for energy and applicator sets for which no significant difference between the measured and the prescribed dose was obtained. For the rest of energy-applicator sets the configuration should be verified and possibly repeated.
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