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Wahabi JM, Abu Hanifah NZH, Hashim S, Bradley D. Modified irradiation technique for transfusable blood using a clinical linear accelerator. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Hoseinnezhad Zarghani E, Geraily G, Haddad P, Esfahani M, Farzin M, Rastjoo A, Amini MK. Dosimetric comparison of AP/PA and bilateral geometries for total body irradiation treatment. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:663-672. [PMID: 34487229 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-021-00933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) is an external radiotherapy technique. Its aim is to deliver a therapeutic dose uniformly within ± 10% of the absorbed dose to the prescription point. In the present study, the TBI technique was implemented in anterior/posterior (AP/PA), and bilateral geometry with photons from a 6 [Formula: see text] and 18 [Formula: see text] accelerator. The TBI technique was implemented on an Alderson Rando phantom at 312 [Formula: see text] source surface distance. During bilateral fraction, rice bags were applied as tissue compensators. To reduce the lung's absorbed dose to the acceptance level, in AP/PA geometry lung blocks made of Cerrobend were used. The required monitor unit (MU) for each fraction was calculated regarding depending on the prescribed dose and beam output. Gafchromic EBT3 films were used for dosimetry between the phantom layers in eight selected points. It is demonstrated that dose uniformity for AP/PA geometry with 6 [Formula: see text] and 18 [Formula: see text] photons was within ± 10%. In contrast, for the bilateral geometry the dose uniformity was not acceptable for both studied energies; However, the results for 18 [Formula: see text] were better than those for 6 [Formula: see text]. Dose accuracy for all measurements was within ± 5 of the prescribed dose. The absorbed dose to the lungs was successfully reduced using the lung blocks. By combining different therapeutic geometries and energies over six fractions, the results of uniformity and accuracy of dose delivery could be improved. It is concluded that the introduced TBI method achieved good dose accuracy and acceptable dose uniformity. Lungs absorbed dose was lower than 10 [Formula: see text] using the lungs blocks. Based on these results, the TBI technique can now be implemented in radiotherapy at Tehran's Imam Hospital. The approach developed in the present study can be used and adapted to match with the conditions at other hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hoseinnezhad Zarghani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Peiman Haddad
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbod Esfahani
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farzin
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rastjoo
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Amini
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Hoseinnezhad Zarghani E, Geraily G, Hadisinia T. Comparison of different TBI techniques in terms of dose homogeneity - review study. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:380-389. [PMID: 33431295 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) is a kind of external beam radiotherapy, used in conjunction with chemotherapy with the purpose of immunosuppression. Since the target in TBI is the whole body, so achieving uniform dose distribution throughout the entire body during TBI is necessary. As recommended by AAPM dose variation must be within ±10% of the prescription dose. With the evidences from literature there is limited substantiation to consider a treatment method better than others, but with regard to the size of the treatment room, workload of the radiotherapy department and prevalent technology used within each treatment department it is recommended to make the suitable and optimum method in each department. In this work, a review study was performed on different TBI techniques with the purpose of assessment and comparison of dose distribution homogeneity in these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoseinnezhad Zarghani
- Medical Physics and Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Geraily
- Medical Physics and Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - T Hadisinia
- Medical Physics and Engineering Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shi L, Lu X, Deng D, Yang L, Zhao H, Shen J, Wang X, Xie C, Liu A, Cao Y, Xiong Y. The safety and efficacy of a novel hypo-fractionated total marrow and lymphoid irradiation before allogeneic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma and acute leukemia. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 26:42-46. [PMID: 33305023 PMCID: PMC7708691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Total body irradiation (TBI) has been widely utilized as part of the conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but is associated with significant toxicities. Targeted TBI using helical Tomotherapy allows precise and homogeneous tumor coverage and excellent sparing of organs at risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a novel hypo-fractionation strategy for patients receiving total marrow and involved lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) as part of the conditioning regimen before HSCT. Methods and Materials 61 patients (7 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 33 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 18 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 3 mixed acute leukemia (MAL)) received conditioning radiation treatment with TMLI (8 Gy to bone marrow, 10 Gy to involved field in 2 fractions per day) in conjunction with chemotherapy before transplantation. Results The median age of 61 patients with TMLI was 24 (4-54) years. The prescribed dose covered the entire bone and involved target volume, and the dose of organs at risk (OAR) was reduced by 28%-78% of the prescription dose. Grade 1-2 nausea and vomiting occurred in 12 patients and grade 1-2 pain in 6 patients during radiotherapy. Fatigue occurred in 16 patients. 2 patients had diarrhea, enteritis, and 1 patient had fever. None of patient had grade 3-4 non-hematologic adverse reactions. Late (30 days after HSCT) grade 2 toxicities including reversible enteritis occurred in 3 patients. 5 patients developed infectious pneumonia. The 2 years progression-free survival (PFS) was 64.1% (95% CI: 0.16-0.22) and overall survival (OS) was 74.7% (95% CI: 0.19-0.24) for the 61 patients who had received their planned HSCT. The 2-year non-relapse mortality was significantly reduced to 5% in this patient cohort. Conclusions This study demonstrates that hypo-fractionated TMLI (8 Gy to bone marrow, 10 Gy to involved field in a single day) as a conditioning regimen for lymphoma and acute leukemia was feasible and the clinical outcomes were acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Deng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiuling Shen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology & Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Springer A, Hammer J, Winkler E, Track C, Huppert R, Böhm A, Kasparu H, Weltermann A, Aschauer G, Petzer AL, Putz E, Altenburger A, Gruber R, Moser K, Wiesauer K, Geinitz H. Total body irradiation with volumetric modulated arc therapy: Dosimetric data and first clinical experience. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:46. [PMID: 27000180 PMCID: PMC4802832 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To implement total body irradiation (TBI) using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). We applied the Varian RapidArc™ software to calculate and optimize the dose distribution. Emphasis was placed on applying a homogenous dose to the PTV and on reducing the dose to the lungs. METHODS From July 2013 to July 2014 seven patients with leukaemia were planned and treated with a VMAT-based TBI-technique with photon energy of 6 MV. The overall planning target volume (PTV), comprising the whole body, had to be split into 8 segments with a subsequent multi-isocentric planning. In a first step a dose optimization of each single segment was performed. In a second step all these elements were calculated in one overall dose-plan, considering particular constraints and weighting factors, to achieve the final total body dose distribution. The quality assurance comprised the verification of the irradiation plans via ArcCheck™ (Sun Nuclear), followed by in vivo dosimetry via dosimeters (MOSFETs) on the patient. RESULTS The time requirements for treatment planning were high: contouring took 5-6 h, optimization and dose calculation 25-30 h and quality assurance 6-8 h. The couch-time per fraction was 2 h on day one, decreasing to around 1.5 h for the following fractions, including patient information, time for arc positioning, patient positioning verification, mounting of the MOSFETs and irradiation. The mean lung dose was decreased to at least 80 % of the planned total body dose and in the central parts to 50 %. In two cases we additionally pursued a dose reduction of 30 to 50 % in a pre-irradiated brain and in renal insufficiency. All high dose areas were outside the lungs and other OARs. The planned dose was in line with the measured dose via MOSFETs: in the axilla the mean difference between calculated and measured dose was 3.6 % (range 1.1-6.8 %), and for the wrist/hip-inguinal region it was 4.3 % (range 1.1-8.1 %). CONCLUSION TBI with VMAT provides the benefit of satisfactory dose distribution within the PTV, while selectively reducing the dose to the lungs and, if necessary, in other organs. Planning time, however, is extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Springer
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Josef Hammer
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Erwin Winkler
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Christine Track
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Roswitha Huppert
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Böhm
- />Internal Department I - Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen Linz, Linz, Austria
- />Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Hedwig Kasparu
- />Internal Department I - Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Ansgar Weltermann
- />Internal Department I - Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen Linz, Linz, Austria
- />Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Gregor Aschauer
- />Internal Medicine I - Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas L. Petzer
- />Internal Medicine I - Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Linz, Austria
- />Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Ernst Putz
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Altenburger
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Rainer Gruber
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Karin Moser
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Karin Wiesauer
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Hans Geinitz
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Linz, Seilerstätte 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
- />Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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Portu AM, Rossini AE, Gadan MA, Bernaola OA, Thorp SI, Curotto P, Pozzi ECC, Cabrini RL, Martin GS. Experimental set up for the irradiation of biological samples and nuclear track detectors with UV C. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2014; 21:129-34. [PMID: 26933396 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In this work we present a methodology to produce an "imprint" of cells cultivated on a polycarbonate detector by exposure of the detector to UV C radiation. BACKGROUND The distribution and concentration of (10)B atoms in tissue samples coming from BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) protocols can be determined through the quantification and analysis of the tracks forming its autoradiography image on a nuclear track detector. The location of boron atoms in the cell structure could be known more accurately by the simultaneous observation of the nuclear tracks and the sample image on the detector. MATERIALS AND METHODS A UV C irradiator was constructed. The irradiance was measured along the lamp direction and at different distances. Melanoma cells were cultured on polycarbonate foils, incubated with borophenylalanine, irradiated with thermal neutrons and exposed to UV C radiation. The samples were chemically attacked with a KOH solution. RESULTS A uniform irradiation field was established to expose the detector foils to UV C light. Cells could be seeded on the polycarbonate surface. Both imprints from cells and nuclear tracks were obtained after chemical etching. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to yield cellular imprints in polycarbonate. The nuclear tracks were mostly present inside the cells, indicating a preferential boron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Mariana Portu
- Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Eugenio Rossini
- Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Alberto Gadan
- Department of Instrumentation and Control, CNEA, Presbítero Juan González Aragón, B1802AYA Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Alberto Bernaola
- Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Thorp
- Department of Instrumentation and Control, CNEA, Presbítero Juan González Aragón, B1802AYA Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Curotto
- Department of Research and Production Reactors, CNEA, Presbítero Juan González Aragón, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano César Cayetano Pozzi
- Department of Research and Production Reactors, CNEA, Presbítero Juan González Aragón, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rómulo Luis Cabrini
- Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, C1122AAH, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Saint Martin
- Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Khan Y, Villarreal-Barajas JE, Udowicz M, Sinha R, Muhammad W, Abbasi AN, Hussain A. Clinical and Dosimetric Implications of Air Gaps between Bolus and Skin Surface during Radiation Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.47147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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