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Ndjembidouma BCM, James LG, Meye PO, Loembamouandza SY, Belembaogo E, Ben-Bolie GH. Assessment of rectal toxicities after radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: experience of the Akanda Cancer Institute in Gabon. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:636-645. [PMID: 38179290 PMCID: PMC10764052 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.97507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose was to evaluate the incidence of acute and late rectal toxicities and their correlation with the clinical and dosimetric parameters of patients who underwent curative radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer at the Akanda Cancer Institute, Gabon. Materials and methods Between 2013 and 2021, a cohort of 46 patients with clinically localized stage cT1c-T4 prostate cancer was treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) at the national cancer institute with doses ranging from 66 to 80 Gy. Post-radiation gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were classified and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events CTCAE v4.0. Results In our study, 17.4% (8/46) developed acute GI. Grades 1 and 3 acute GI complications were seen in 13.0% (6/46) and 4.3% (2/46), respectively. No patient developed acute grade 2 or grade higher than 3 complications. Late GI side effects were limited. The median time to the development of late GI Grade ≥ 1 toxicities was 12 months (range: 9-19 months). 10.9% (5/46) had experience late GI. Among them, grade 1 and 2 were seen in 6.5% (3/46), and 4.3% (2/46), respectively. There was no grade 3 or higher complications. Statistically, we did not find any correlation between the presence of rectal toxicity and clinical factors or the presence of comorbidity. On the dosimetric level, the Mann-Whitney statistical test found a correlation between the presence of late GI toxicity and rectal volume irradiated at the prescribed dose (p = 0.02). Conclusion Despite the high radiation doses involved, our results showed an acceptable complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaud Conrad Mabika Ndjembidouma
- Departement of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Akanda Cancer Institute, Libreville, Gabon
- Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | | | - Phillippe Ondo Meye
- General Directorate for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Ministery of Energy and Hydraulic Resources, Libreville Gabon
- Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | | | - Ernest Belembaogo
- Departement of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Akanda Cancer Institute, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Germain Hubert Ben-Bolie
- Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun
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Makino K, Sato Y, Takenaka R, Yamashita H, Akiyama Y, Yamada Y, Nakamura M, Kawai T, Yamada D, Suzuki M, Kume H. Cumulative Incidence and Clinical Risk Factors of Radiation Cystitis after Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. Urol Int 2022; 107:440-446. [PMID: 35290980 DOI: 10.1159/000521723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the cumulative incidence of overall and severe radiation cystitis following external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer and investigate the clinical factors predictive of radiation cystitis. METHODS This retrospective study comprised 246 patients who received external beam radiation therapy for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer between 2013 and 2016 in our institution. Of these, 189 received primary radiation therapy and 57 received adjuvant/salvage radiation therapy. Radiation cystitis was recorded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 definition, and severe radiation cystitis was defined as grade 3 or higher. All medical records were reviewed to calculate the cumulative incidence of radiation cystitis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate its association with clinicopathologic features. RESULTS The median follow-up period after radiation therapy was 56 months (range 5-81). The 5-year cumulative incidence of radiation cystitis and severe radiation cystitis was 16.2% and 3.0%, respectively. Multivariate analyses identified radiation therapy in the adjuvant/salvage setting was the sole risk factor associated with the development of radiation cystitis (hazard ratio: 2.75, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Radiation therapy in the post-prostatectomy setting was associated with increased risk of radiation cystitis compared with radiotherapy as the primary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Makino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takenaka
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideomi Yamashita
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Kawai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motofumi Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Karaca S, Koca T, Sarpün İH, Tunçel N, Korcum Şahin AF. Hybrid Tomo-Helical and Tomo-Direct radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:136-143. [PMID: 34498363 PMCID: PMC8504587 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to present a new planning approach to provide better planning target volume (PTV) coverage and reduce bladder and rectum dose with hybrid Tomo-Helical (TH)/Tomo-Direct (TD) radiotherapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer (LPC). METHODS Twenty-five LPC patients were included in this retrospective study. TH plans, TD plans, and hybrid TH/TD plans were created. Lateral beams were used for the hybrid TD plan and the prescribed dose was 70 Gy in 28 fractions (hybrid plans were combined 45 Gy/ 18 fxs for TH and 25 Gy/10 fxs for TD). Doses of PTV (D2%, D98%, D50%, homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), coverage) and organs at risk (OARs) (V50%, V35%, V25%, V5%, and V95%) were analyzed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the difference in dosimetric parameters. p-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS TH plans showed better CI, and target coverage (p < 0.01) than TD and hybrid plans in all patient plan evaluations. However, TD plans D2%, D98%, and D50% doses were better than TH and hybrid plans. The HI values were similar between the three plans. Significant reductions in bladder and rectum V50%, V35%, and V25% doses (p < 0.001) were observed with hybrid plans compared to TH and TD. Penile bulb V95% and bowel V5% doses were better in the hybrid plans. Left and right femoral head V5% doses were higher in the hybrid plan compared to others (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Concurrently hybrid TH/TD RT plan can be a good option to reduce the doses of the rectum and bladder in the RT of LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Karaca
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Timur Koca
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - İsmail Hakkı Sarpün
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Nina Tunçel
- Department of Radiation OncologyFaculty of MedicineAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey
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4
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Ferini G, Pergolizzi S. A Ten-year-long Update on Radiation Proctitis Among Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Curative External Beam Radiotherapy. In Vivo 2021; 35:1379-1391. [PMID: 33910815 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive synopsis summarizes the most relevant information obtained from a systematic analysis of studies of the last decade on radiation proctitis, one of the most feared radioinduced side effects among prostate cancer patients treated with curative external beam radiotherapy. The present review provides a useful support to radiation oncologists for limiting the onset or improving the treatment of radiation proctitis. This work shows that the past decade was a harbinger of significant new evidence in technological advances and technical tricks to avoid radiation proctitis, in addition to dosimetric perspectives and goals, understanding of pathogenesis, diagnostic work-up and treatment. We believe that a well-rounded knowledge of such an issue is fundamental for its appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Eren MF, Çolpan Öksüz D, Sayan M, Karaçam S, Vergalasova I, Ay Eren A, Öner Dinçbaş F. Comparison of kV Orthogonal Radiographs and kV-Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Image-Guided Radiotherapy Methods With and Without Implanted Fiducials in Prostate Cancer. Cureus 2020; 12:e9916. [PMID: 32850264 PMCID: PMC7445001 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of kilovoltage (kV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based adjustments with respect to kV-orthogonal fiducial marker-based matching in a group of patients with prostate cancer. Methods Twenty prostate cancer patients were evaluated retrospectively: 10 with implanted fiducial markers and 10 without. Daily orthogonal kV imaging was recorded prior to radiation delivery. Images were evaluated in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions by matching either the implanted fiducials or going off bony anatomy, depending on the presence or absence of markers, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was also subsequently acquired and images were aligned with the planning CT. The couch shifts were calculated and the patient's position was adjusted accordingly. Standard deviations and random errors were also computed. Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to evaluate relationships between the datasets. Results A total of 240 images were evaluated. The Pearson correlation coefficient for shifts applied to patients with markers using kV and CBCT was 88.3%, 87.8%, and 94.5% for the LR, AP, and SI directions, respectively. For those without markers, the respective values for the LR, AP, and SI directions were: 39.3%, 22.4%, and 3.7%. A Bland-Altman analysis comparing kV and CBCT in patients with markers, revealed R2 values of 0.152, 0.282, and 0.097 in the LR, AP, and SI directions, respectively. The R2 values for patients without markers were 0.008, 0.01, and 0.057, in the LR, AP, and SI directions, respectively. Conclusions Our data suggest that CBCT can be a viable option for image-guidance in clinical settings where fiducial markers are unavailable such as situations of inaccessibility or medical contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet F Eren
- Radiation Oncology, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Didem Çolpan Öksüz
- Radiation Oncology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Mutlay Sayan
- Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Songül Karaçam
- Radiation Oncology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Irina Vergalasova
- Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Ayfer Ay Eren
- Radiation Oncology, Saglik Bilimleri University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Fazilet Öner Dinçbaş
- Radiation Oncology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, TUR
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González-San Segundo C, Gómez-Iturriaga A, Couñago F. Are all prostate cancer patients "fit" for salvage radiotherapy? World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:1-10. [PMID: 31976305 PMCID: PMC6935690 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The indication for salvage radiotherapy (RT) (SRT) in patients with biochemically-recurrent prostate cancer after surgery is based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at the time of biochemical recurrence. Although there are clear criteria (pT3-pT4 disease and/or positive margins) for the use of adjuvant radiotherapy, no specific clinical or tumour-related criteria have yet been defined for SRT. In retrospective series, 5-year biochemical progression-free survival (PFS) ranges from 35%-85%, depending on the PSA level at the start of RT. Two phase 3 trials have compared SRT with and without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), finding that combined treatment (SRT+ADT) improves both PFS and overall survival. Similar to adjuvant RT, the indication for ADT is based on tumour-related factors such as PSA levels, tumour stage, and surgical margins. The number of patients referred to radiation oncology departments for SRT continues to rise. In the present article, we define the clinical, therapeutic, and tumour-related factors that we believe should be evaluated before prescribing SRT. In addition, we propose a decision algorithm to determine whether the patient is fit for SRT. This algorithm will help to identify patients in whom radiotherapy is likely to improve survival without significantly worsening quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid 28003, Spain
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Antico M, Prinsen P, Fracassi A, Isola A, Cobben D, Fontanarosa D. Comparison between Conventional IMRT Planning and a Novel Real-Time Adaptive Planning Strategy in Hypofractionated Regimes for Prostate Cancer: A Proof-of-Concept Planning Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2019; 7:healthcare7040153. [PMID: 31810236 PMCID: PMC6956044 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), intra-fraction prostate drifts may compromise the treatment efficacy by underdosing the target and/or overdosing the organs at risk. In this study, a recently developed real-time adaptive planning strategy for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer was evaluated in hypofractionated regimes against traditional treatment planning based on a treatment volume margin expansion. The proposed workflow makes use of a “library of plans” corresponding to possible intra-fraction prostate positions. During delivery, at each beam end, the plan prepared for the position of the prostate closest to the current one is selected and the corresponding beam delivered. This adaptive planning strategy was compared with the traditional approach on a clinical prostate cancer case where different prostate shift magnitudes were considered. Five, six and fifteen fraction hypofractionated schemes were considered for each of these scenarios. When shifts larger than the treatment margin were present, using the traditional approach the seminal vesicles were underdosed by 3–4% of the prescribed dose. The adaptive approach instead allowed for correct target dose coverage and lowered the dose on the rectum for each dosimetric endpoint on average by 3–4% in all the fractionation schemes. Standard intensity-modulated radiation therapy planning did not always guarantee a correct dose distribution on the seminal vesicles and the rectum. The adaptive planning strategy proposed resulted insensitive to the intra-fraction prostate drifts, produced a dose distribution in agreement with the dosimetric requirements in every case analysed and significantly lowered the dose on the rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antico
- Philips Research, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (P.P.); (A.F.); (A.I.)
- Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peter Prinsen
- Philips Research, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (P.P.); (A.F.); (A.I.)
| | - Alice Fracassi
- Philips Research, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (P.P.); (A.F.); (A.I.)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Isola
- Philips Research, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.A.); (P.P.); (A.F.); (A.I.)
| | - David Cobben
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- The Christie National Health Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Davide Fontanarosa
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)4-03862724
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8
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Tullio A, Magli A, Moretti E, Valent F. Why we should take care of the competing risk bias in survival analysis: A phase II trial on the toxicity profile of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2019; 24:511-519. [PMID: 31516397 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study is to evaluate and quantify the bias of competing risks in an Italian oncologic cohort comparing results from different statistical analysis methods. Background Competing risks are very common in randomized clinical trials and observational studies, in particular oncology and radiotherapy ones, and their inappropriate management causes results distortions widely present in clinical scientific articles. Materials and methods This is a single-institution phase II trial including 41 patients affected by prostate cancer and undergoing radiotherapy (IMRT-SIB) at the University Hospital of Udine.Different outcomes were considered: late toxicities, relapse, death.Death in the absence of relapse or late toxicity was considered as a competing event. Results The Kaplan Meier method, compared to cumulative incidence function method, overestimated the probability of the event of interest (toxicity and biochemical relapse) and of the competing event (death without toxicity/relapse) by 9.36%. The log-rank test, compared to Gray's test, overestimated the probability of the event of interest by 5.26%.The Hazard Ratio's and cause specific hazard's Cox regression are not directly comparable to subdistribution hazard's Fine and Gray's modified Cox regression; nonetheless, the FG model, the best choice for prognostic studies with competing risks, found significant associations not emerging with Cox regression. Conclusions This study confirms that using inappropriate statistical methods produces a 10% overestimation in results, as described in the literature, and highlights the importance of taking into account the competing risks bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Tullio
- Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Eugenia Moretti
- Department of Medical Physics, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Valent
- Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Cumulative incidence and predictive factors of radiation cystitis in patients with localized prostate cancer. Actas Urol Esp 2018; 42:256-261. [PMID: 29169704 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the cumulative incidence of overall and severe radiation cystitis in a high volume cohort of patients and to investigate its potential predictive factors. METHODS We have performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and treated with radiotherapy at our institution (June 2005-January 2013), and quantified the cumulative incidence of radiation cystitis. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were computed to evaluate the determinants of radiation cystitis. RESULTS Data from 783 patients was retrieved (557 treated with primary radiotherapy, 188 with adjuvant and 38 with salvage). Median follow-up time was 49 months (P25-P75: 31.8-69.3). At 5 years of follow-up, cumulative incidence of overall and severe radiation cystitis was 9.1 and 1.6%, respectively. No association was found between the incidence of radiation cystitis and age, tumor T stage, baseline PSA level, Gleason score, D'Amico risk classification, radiotherapy setting (primary versus adjuvant versus salvage) or radiation dose applied. CONCLUSIONS Within our cohort, radiation cystitis is an uncommon complication of prostatic radiotherapy treatment, and severe cases requiring hospitalization are even more infrequent. We found no association between tumor characteristics, radiotherapy setting or radiation dose and the cumulative incidence of radiation cystitis.
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10
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Martínez-Arribas CM, González-San Segundo C, Cuesta-Álvaro P, Calvo-Manuel FA. Predictors of urinary and rectal toxicity after external conformed radiation therapy in prostate cancer: Correlation between clinical, tumour and dosimetric parameters and radical and postoperative radiation therapy. Actas Urol Esp 2017. [PMID: 28625534 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine rectal and urinary toxicity after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), assessing the results of patients who undergo radical or postoperative therapy for prostate cancer (pancreatic cancer) and their correlation with potential risk factors. METHOD A total of 333 patients were treated with EBRT. Of these, 285 underwent radical therapy and 48 underwent postoperative therapy (39 cases of rescue and 9 of adjuvant therapy). We collected clinical, tumour and dosimetric variable to correlate with toxicity parameters. We developed decision trees based on the degree of statistical significance. RESULTS The rate of severe acute toxicity, both urinary and rectal, was 5.4% and 1.5%, respectively. The rate of chronic toxicity was 4.5% and 2.7%, respectively. Twenty-seven patients presented haematuria, and 9 presented haemorrhagic rectitis. Twenty-five patients (7.5%) presented permanent limiting sequela. The patients with lower urinary tract symptoms prior to the radiation therapy presented poorer tolerance, with greater acute bladder toxicity (P=0.041). In terms of acute rectal toxicity, 63% of the patients with mean rectal doses >45Gy and anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy developed mild toxicity compared with 37% of the patients with mean rectal doses <45 Gy and without anticoagulant therapy. We were unable to establish predictors of chronic toxicity in the multivariate analysis. The long-term sequelae were greater in the patients who underwent urological operations prior to the radiation therapy and who were undergoing anticoagulant therapy. CONCLUSIONS The tolerance to EBRT was good, and severe toxicity was uncommon. Baseline urinary symptoms constitute the predictor that most influenced the acute urinary toxicity. Rectal toxicity is related to the mean rectal dose and with anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy. There were no significant differences in severe toxicity between radical versus postoperative radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Martínez-Arribas
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Fundación Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, España.
| | - C González-San Segundo
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - P Cuesta-Álvaro
- Servicios Informáticos, Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - F A Calvo-Manuel
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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11
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Zaleska A, Bogaczyk K, Piotrowski T. Influence of optimizing protocol choice on the integral dose value in prostate radiotherapy planning by dynamic techniques - Pilot study. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2017; 22:415-419. [PMID: 28855852 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to compare the values of integral dose, calculated for treatment plans of dynamic radiotherapy techniques prepared with two different optimization protocols. BACKGROUND Delivering radiation by IMRT, VMAT and also HT techniques has an influence on the low dose deposition of large areas of the patient body. Delivery of low dose can induce injury of healthy cells. In this situation, a good solution would be to reduce the area, which receives a low dose, but with appropriate dose level for the target volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS To calculate integral dose values of plans structures, we used 90 external beam radiotherapy plans prepared for three techniques (intensity modulated radiotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy and helical tomotherapy). One technique includes three different geometry combinations. 45 plans were prepared with classic optimization protocol and 45 with rings optimization protocol which should reduce the low doses in the normal tissue. RESULTS Differences in values of the integral dose depend on the geometry and technique of irradiation, as well as optimization protocol used in preparing treatment plans. The application of the rings optimization caused the value of normal tissue integral dose (NTID) to decrease. CONCLUSION It is possible to limit the area of low dose irradiation and reduce NTID in dynamic techniques with the same clinical constraints for OAR and PTV volumes by using an optimization protocol other than the classic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaleska
- Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Piotrowski
- Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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12
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Gestaut MM, Swanson GP. Long term clinical toxicity of radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2017; 22:77-82. [PMID: 27920612 PMCID: PMC5126147 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study's aim was to examine the clinical impact of radiation therapy (RT) on GI toxicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. BACKGROUND IBD has long been considered a risk factor for increased bowel toxicity from RT; however, minimal evidence exists on patients with prostate cancer (PC) and IBD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tumor registry was queried for patients with IBD and PC from the years 1990-2013. A retrospective review was conducted for patients who received RT. Radiation treatment and toxicity data were collected. RESULTS Average length of follow-up was 12 years (median 9.54, range 0.42-19.9). The majority had well controlled baseline bowel function on medical management. Prior to radiation, 60% of patients (9/15) and 40% (6/15) reported grade 0 (G0) and grade (G1) diarrhea at baseline, respectively. No baseline proctitis existed. Following radiation treatment, 78% (14/18) of patients experienced G0 diarrhea while 22% (4/18) reported G1 diarrhea. No patients suffered from greater than G1 diarrhea. Sixty-six percent (12/18), 17% (3/18) and 17% (3/18) of patients experienced G0, G1, and G2 proctitis, respectively. No patients suffered post-radiation stricture formation, and all patients with G2 proctitis received 3dCRT. CONCLUSIONS Limited published data is available exploring RT for patients with PC and IBD. This analysis offers valuable insight into appropriate counseling for a rare patient subset. Radiation improved late G1 diarrhea rates. Grade 2 proctitis was only encountered in 3dCRT patients. No post-radiation complications occurred. Our findings suggest that IBD patients experience minimal toxicity in the era of IMRT based RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Gestaut
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
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NAKANO TAITO, IZUMI KOUJI, MAOLAKE AERKEN, NATSAGDORJI ARIUNBOLD, IWAMOTO HIROAKI, KITAGAWA YASUHIDE, KADONO YOSHIFUMI, KONAKA HIROYUKI, MIZOKAMI ATSUSHI, NAMIKI MIKIO. Aplastic anemia associated with severe hemorrhagic cystitis following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:794-796. [DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gacci M, Saleh O, Giannessi C, Detti B, Livi L, Monteleone Pasquetti E, Masoni T, Finazzi Agro E, Li Marzi V, Minervini A, Carini M, Gravas S, Oelke M, Serni S. Sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate replenishment therapy can improve nocturia in men with post-radiation cystitis: results of a prospective pilot study. BMC Urol 2015; 15:65. [PMID: 26148853 PMCID: PMC4493946 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is one of the treatment options for prostate cancer (PCa) but up to 25 % of men report about severe nocturia (nocturnal voiding). The combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) resembles glycosaminoglycan (GAG) replenishment therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of HA and CS on nocturia, in men with nocturia after PCa radiotherapy. Methods Twenty-three consecutive patients with symptomatic cystitis after external radiotherapy for PCa were enrolled. Patients underwent bladder instillation therapy with HA and CS weekly for the first month and, afterwards, on week 6, 8 and 12. Nocturnal voiding frequency was assessed by item 3 (Q3) of the Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms Index (ICSI) and item 2 (Q2) of the Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICPI). Data were analyzed with paired-samples T-test and adjusted for age. Results Eighteen patients (78 %) reported about nocturia. Pre- and post-treatment ICSI-Q3 was 2.13 ± 0.28 and 1.61 ± 0.21 (−24.4 %, p = 0.001). With logistic regression analysis, both age and baseline ICSI-Q3 had a significant impact on nocturnal voiding frequency (r = 0.293, p = 0.011 and r = 0.970, p < 0.001). Pre- and post-treatment ICPI-Q2 was 1.87 ± 0.26 and 1.30 ± 0.25 (−30.5 %, p = 0.016); logistic regression analysis was without significant findings. Conclusion Bladder instillation treatment with a combination of HA and CS was effective in reducing nocturnal voiding frequency in men with post-radiation bladder pain for PCa. Randomized, controlled trials with sham treatment are needed to confirm our result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gacci
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Urologic Clinic San Luca, Florence, 50100, Italy.
| | - Omar Saleh
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Urologic Clinic San Luca, Florence, 50100, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giannessi
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Urologic Clinic San Luca, Florence, 50100, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Tatiana Masoni
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Enrico Finazzi Agro
- Department of Urology, Tor Vergata University, Via di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Li Marzi
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Urologic Clinic San Luca, Florence, 50100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Urologic Clinic San Luca, Florence, 50100, Italy.
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Urologic Clinic San Luca, Florence, 50100, Italy.
| | - Stavros Gravas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Matthias Oelke
- Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sergio Serni
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, Urologic Clinic San Luca, Florence, 50100, Italy.
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Postoperative radiotherapy in prostate cancer: Analysis of prognostic factors in a series of 282 patients. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2015; 20:113-22. [PMID: 25859400 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the outcomes of patients treated with postoperative RT in relation to the possible prognostic factors. BACKGROUND Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) has been proved to reduce the risk of biochemical recurrence in high-risk prostate cancer patients. Baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA), pathological Gleason score (GS), positive surgical margins, nodal status and seminal vesicle invasion are independent predictors of biochemical relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical records of 282 patients who underwent postoperative RT were retrospectively reviewed. The prognostic value of postoperative PSA, preoperative risk class, nodal status, pathological GS, margins status, and administration of hormonal therapy (HT) was analyzed. RESULTS Postoperative RT was delivered with a median dose to the prostatic fossa of 66 Gy (range 50-72) in 1.8-2 Gy/fraction. Median follow-up was 23.1 months (range 6-119). Five-year actuarial biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) and overall survival rates were 76% and 95%, respectively. Higher bDFS was found for patients with postoperative PSA <0.02 ng/ml (p = 0.03), low preoperative risk class (p = 0.01), pN0 (p = 0.003), GS 4-6 (p = 0.0006), no androgen deprivation therapy (p = 0.02), and irrespective of surgical margin status (p = 0.10). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative PSA and Gleason score had a significant impact on bDFS (p = 0.039 and p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative RT with a dose of 66 Gy offers an acceptable toxicity and an optimal disease control after radical prostatectomy in patients with different risk features. A postoperative PSA >0.02 ng/ml could be considered as a prognostic factor and a tool to select patients at risk for progression.
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