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Baptista JGB, Maksud I, Freire I. ["Revealing in the gerund": secrecy and stigma in practices of care for children and adolescents living with HIV/Aids]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e02102023. [PMID: 38896666 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024296.02102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This article analyzes practices of care and the HIV diagnosis disclosure process to children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. A case study was conducted in an outpatient clinic located in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with health professionals, and the consultation of documents produced by the professionals. The analysis, based on the sociology of Simmel and Goffman, points to the revelation of the diagnosis as a hallmark that accompanies all the care established with users and sheds light on issues such as secrecy, stigma and the possible understandings about the health condition established. As a result, institutionalized relationships contribute to a progressive contact with the condition of bearing a stigma and enable phases of a patient's life protected by information to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Gonçalves Barreto Baptista
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Criança, da Mulher e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Rui Barbosa 716, 22250-020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Ivia Maksud
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Criança, da Mulher e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Rui Barbosa 716, 22250-020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Imara Freire
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Criança, da Mulher e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Rui Barbosa 716, 22250-020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
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Ma H, Bu M, Zhai H, Li B, Xiong L. New Insight into HIV-Related Psychological Distress: A Concept Analysis. Clin Nurs Res 2023; 32:60-72. [PMID: 35259946 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a frequently reported outcome measure in HIV research. However, because of its poor conceptualization, many studies only partially capture it because they focus solely on depression or anxiety based on symptoms. This study undertook a concept analysis of HIV-related psychological distress (HRPD) using Walker and Avant's method. The findings include HRPD's (a) attributes, including changes to emotional status, symptom burden, HIV disclosure distress and HIV-related stigma; (b) antecedents, including HIV-related stressors, cognitive appraisal of stressors and difficulty coping with the disease or treatment; and (c) consequences, including poor health outcomes and posttraumatic growth. Lazarus and Folkman's theory and the conservation of resources theory were adapted to further understand HRPD. This article provides insight into HRPD and increases the awareness of how to screen and assess HRPD at an early stage. The findings indicate the need to develop specific and rigorous measures and to provide appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Ma
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengru Bu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zhai
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hendricks LA, Young T, Van Wyk SS, Matheï C, Hannes K. Storyboarding HIV Infected Young People's Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Lower- to Upper Middle-Income Countries: A New-Materialist Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11317. [PMID: 36141589 PMCID: PMC9517626 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Young people living with perinatal infections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (YLPHIV) face a chronic disease, with treatment including adherence to lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART). The aim of this QES was to explore adherence to ART for YLPHIV as an assemblage within the framework of the biopsychosocial model with a new materialist perspective. We searched up to November 2021 and followed the ENTREQ and Cochrane guidelines for QES. All screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal were done in duplicate. We analysed and interpreted the findings innovatively by creating images of meaning, a storyboard, and storylines. We then reported the findings in a first-person narrative story. We included 47 studies and identified 9 storylines. We found that treatment adherence has less to do with humans' preferences, motivations, needs, and dispositions and more to do with how bodies, viruses, things, ideas, institutions, environments, social processes, and social structures assemble. This QES highlights that adherence to ART for YLPHIV is a multisensorial experience in a multi-agentic world. Future research into rethinking the linear and casual inferences we are accustomed to in evidence-based health care is needed if we are to adopt multidisciplinary approaches to address pressing issues such as adherence to ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A. Hendricks
- Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 3000, South Africa
- Research Group SoMeTHin’K (Social, Methodological and Theoretical Innovation/Kreative), Faculty of Social Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taryn Young
- Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 3000, South Africa
| | - Susanna S. Van Wyk
- Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 3000, South Africa
| | - Catharina Matheï
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Hannes
- Research Group SoMeTHin’K (Social, Methodological and Theoretical Innovation/Kreative), Faculty of Social Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Silva DPE, Oliveira DCD, Marques SC, Hipólito RL, Costa TLD, Machado YY. Social representations of the quality of life of the young people living with HIV. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 74:e20200149. [PMID: 34161539 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze the social representations of the quality of life of the young people living with HIV. METHODS qualitative survey, based on the Social Representations Theory, with 24 young people living with HIV, monitored in specialized services in Rio de Janeiro, through semi-structured interviews, and the analysis supported by the software IRAMUTEQ. RESULTS multidimensionality of the quality of life was observed unfolding the implications of living with HIV/aids concerning the familiar and social support network, time of diagnosis, healthcare services, antiretroviral therapy, and prejudice expressions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS a conceptual synthesis of quality of life is observed when it is associated with healthy lifestyle habits, interpersonal relationships, and health services and professional practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yndira Yta Machado
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Das M, Mathur T, Ravi S, Meneguim AC, Iyer A, Mansoor H, Kalon S, Hossain FN, Acharya S, Ferlazzo G, Isaakidis P, Thakur HP. Challenging drug-resistant TB treatment journey for children, adolescents and their care-givers: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248408. [PMID: 33690715 PMCID: PMC7946226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) still affects around 25000 children every year across the globe. Though the treatment success rates for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) in children are better than adults, children and adolescents face unique hurdles during DR-TB (MDR-TB, Pre-XDR TB and XDR-TB) treatment. This study aimed to understand the patients, guardians and healthcare providers' perspectives about DR-TB treatment journey of patients and caregivers. METHODS This is a qualitative study involving in depth-interviews of purposively selected adolescents (n = 6), patients guardians (for children and adolescents, n = 5) and health care providers (n = 8) of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) clinic, Mumbai, India. In-depth face to face interviews were conducted in English or Hindi language using interview guides during September-November 2019. The interviews were audio-recorded after consent. Thematic network analysis was used to summarize textual data. ATLAS.ti (version 7) was used for analysis. RESULT The age of adolescent patients ranged from 15-19 years and four were female. Five guardians (of three child and two adolescent patients) and eight healthcare providers (including clinicians- 2, DOT providers-2, counselors-2 and programme managers-2) were interviewed. The overarching theme of the analysis was: Challenging DR-TB treatment journey which consisted of four sub-themes: 1) physical-trauma, 2) emotional-trauma, 3) unavailable social-support and 4) non-adapted healthcare services. Difficulties in compounding of drugs were noted for children while adolescents shared experiences around disruption in social life due to disease and treatment. Most of the patients and caregivers experienced treatment fatigue and burnout during the DR-TB treatment. Participants during interviews gave recommendations to improve care. DISCUSSION The TB programmes must consider the patient and family as one unit when designing the package of care for paediatric DR-TB. Child and adolescent friendly services (paediatric-formulations, age-specific counselling tools and regular interaction with patients and caregivers) will help minimizing burnout in patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Das
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Mumbai, India
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Ferlazzo
- Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Southern Africa Medical Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Harshad P. Thakur
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
- National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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Nsibandze BS, Downing C, Poggenpoel M, Myburgh CP. “I have been rejected so many times” experiences of female adolescents living with HIV in rural Manzini, Eswatini: A case study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Prolonged Antiretroviral Therapy in Adolescents With Vertical HIV Infection Leads to Different Cytokine Profiles Depending on Viremia Persistence. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:1115-1120. [PMID: 31626046 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated immune activation, exhaustion markers and cytokine expression upon stimulation in adolescents with vertical HIV infection. METHODS Thirty adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for vertical HIV infection, including 12 with detectable viral load (HIV/DET), 18 with undetectable viral load (HIV/UND) and 30 control adolescents without HIV infection (CONTROL), were evaluated for immune activation and programmed cell death protein-1 expression by flow cytometry, and 21 cytokines by Luminex Multiple Analyte Profiling technology after in vitro peripheral blood phytohemagglutinin stimulation. RESULTS Lower CD4 T cells and higher T cell activation and exhaustion markers were noted on CD4 T and on CD8 T cells and memory subsets from HIV/DET group, who also produced lower in vitro IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-5 and IL-6 than HIV/UND group. HIV/UND were comparable with CONTROL group in respect to CD4 T cell counts and T cell activation and exhaustion markers, but with higher in vitro production of ITAC (a chemokine with leukocyte recruitment function), IL-4 and IL-23. An inverse correlation between cytokine production and programmed cell death protein-1 expression on CD4 T and CD8 T subsets was detected. CONCLUSIONS Persistent viremia despite ART leads to T cell activation and immune exhaustion with low cytokine production, whereas viral suppression by ART leads to parameters similar to CONTROL, although a different cytokine profile is observed, indicating residual HIV impact despite absence of detectable viremia.
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Costa VT, Meirelles BHS. ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT OF YOUNG ADULTS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPLEX THINKING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objetive: to understand the adherence to treatment of young adults with HIV/AIDS treated in a specialized care service from the perspective of complex thinking. Method: a qualitative study, with the data grounded theory approach. Twelve young adults aged from 15 to 24 years old living with HIV/AIDS, nine health professionals and four mothers participated in the study. Data was obtained from interviews conducted between April and September 2016 and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: the adherence to treatment of young adults with HIV/AIDS has been understood as a dynamic, multifactorial and constantly changing phenomenon. This process involves multiple aspects, including fear of becoming ill, physical and social death, discrimination and stigma. It was found that even in the face of these difficulties, young adults decide to continue their treatment in search of normalization of health, a long and common life like other young people who do not live with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: it was considered that in view of the complex and changing phenomenon, adherence to treatment of young adults with HIV/AIDS should be understood and managed by health professionals.
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Sehnem GD, Pedro ENR, Ressel LB, Vasquez MED. Adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids: experiências de sexualidade. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2018.2017-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as experiências de adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids acerca da sexualidade. MÉTODO Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um Serviço de Atendimento Especializado, de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, com 15 adolescentes que vivem com HIV/aids, no ano de 2014. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio da proposta operativa de Minayo. RESULTADOS As primeiras interações afetivas dos adolescentes foram experienciadas por meio do ficar e namorar, fortemente, influenciadas pela valência diferencial de gênero nas construções familiares. As experiências de relações sexuais foram decorrentes da dimensão afetiva do relacionamento e não se davam sem preocupação para os adolescentes. Administrar a condição de soropositividade em seus relacionamentos afetivos mobilizava o seu cotidiano. CONCLUSÃO O aprendizado da sexualidade extrapola o acesso às informações, decorrendo das experiências vivenciadas, do momento e dos distintos cenários em que elas se inserem.
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Agostini R, Maksud I, Franco T. “Essa doença para mim é a mesma coisa que nada”: reflexões socioantropológicas sobre o descobrir-se soropositivo. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902017170072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Nas quase quatro décadas da epidemia de HIV/aids, sua administração clínica sofreu mudanças consideráveis. O atual alargamento temporal impõe aos sujeitos HIV+ (re)posicionamentos no agenciamento da vida e da enfermidade a partir da perspectiva de uma doença de longa duração que sugere adequação dos hábitos e comportamentos, frequente interação com serviços e profissionais da saúde e uso contínuo de medicamentos - além da convivência com os impactos sociais, subjetivos e físicos da enfermidade. A pesquisa discute, a partir de dados de uma pesquisa com jovens soropositivos, os processos de revelação do diagnóstico. Foram seis entrevistas abertas, a partir de uma questão norteadora, com jovens entre 18 e 22 anos, de camadas populares, de ambos os sexos e transmissão materno-infantil. A perspectiva teórica que ancorou nossas digressões foi a socioantropológica. Entre esses jovens a normalidade figura como eixo estruturante do diagnóstico, o que contrastou, entre outras coisas, com o fato de que a maioria dos entrevistados preferia manter segredo sobre sua sorologia. Família e serviço alternaram-se como responsáveis pela revelação. Além disso, o ativismo aparece como forma de encontrar lugar para a sorologia no curso da vida e como estratégia acionada para lidar com o cotidiano após o diagnóstico.
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