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Dada A, Elhassan K, Bawayan RM, Albishi G, Hefni L, Bassi S, Sobahy T, Cupler E, AlBaz N, Wali G, Alraddadi B, Alshukairi AN. SARS-COV-2 triggers the development of class I and class II HLA antibodies in recovered convalescent plasma donors. Intervirology 2022; 65:230-235. [PMID: 35378533 PMCID: PMC9148903 DOI: 10.1159/000524016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is a highly immunogenic virus. It is known that different types of immunogenic viral pathogens could trigger the formation of HLA antibodies. Therefore, there is a concern that the SARS-CoV-2 could also induce the development of HLA antibodies in volunteers, who donate convalescent plasma after their recovery from COVID-19. HLA antibodies have been identified as the main cause for transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), a well-documented life-threatening complication of transfusions. The TRALI risk could be high in COVID-19 patients who need convalescent plasma, as such patients usually have already an impaired respiratory system affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we screened 34 convalescent plasma donors on the presence of antibodies against HLA class I and II antigens. All included donors have no any history of sensitization events such as blood transfusions, pregnancy, or previous transplants. We found a high rate of HLA antibody formation in convalescent plasma donors. The frequency of positivity for HLA antibodies for class I, class II, class I and II, and the overall reactivity was 23%, 31%, 46%, and 76%, respectively. The presented data suggest a closed correlation between SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the development of HLA antibodies in recovered convalescent plasma donors. This finding might have the potential to reduce the risk of TRALI and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients by implementing HLA diagnostic strategies before the administration of convalescent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Dada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Ashraf Dada,
| | - Khalid Elhassan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Mohammed Bawayan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Albishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Hefni
- Research Center of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Bassi
- Research Center of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Sobahy
- Research Center of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward Cupler
- Research Center of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeela AlBaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan Wali
- Section Infection Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Alraddadi
- Section Infection Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N. Alshukairi
- Section Infection Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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