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Li X, Li S, Xie P, Chen X, Chu Y, Chang H, Sun J, Li Q, Ren N, Ho SH. Advanced wastewater treatment with microalgae-indigenous bacterial interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 20:100374. [PMID: 38283868 PMCID: PMC10821166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal-indigenous bacterial wastewater treatment (MBWT) emerges as a promising approach for the concurrent removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Despite its potential, the prevalent use of MBWT in batch systems limits its broader application. Furthermore, the success of MBWT critically depends on the stable self-adaptation and synergistic interactions between microalgae and indigenous bacteria, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we explore the viability and microbial dynamics of a continuous flow microalgae-indigenous bacteria advanced wastewater treatment system (CFMBAWTS) in processing actual secondary effluent, with a focus on varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The research highlights a stable, mutually beneficial relationship between indigenous bacteria and microalgae. Microalgae and indigenous bacteria can create an optimal environment for each other by providing essential cofactors (like iron, vitamins, and indole-3-acetic acid), oxygen, dissolved organic matter, and tryptophan. This collaboration leads to effective microbial growth, enhanced N and P removal, and energy generation. The study also uncovers crucial metabolic pathways, functional genes, and patterns of microbial succession. Significantly, the effluent NH4+-N and P levels complied with the Chinese national Class-II, Class-V, Class-IA, and Class-IB wastewater discharge standards when the HRT was reduced from 15 to 6 h. Optimal results, including the highest rates of CO2 fixation (1.23 g L-1), total energy yield (32.35 kJ L-1), and the maximal lipid (33.91%) and carbohydrate (41.91%) content, were observed at an HRT of 15 h. Overall, this study not only confirms the feasibility of CFMBAWTS but also lays a crucial foundation for enhancing our understanding of this technology and propelling its practical application in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yuhao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Central Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Central Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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Wichaphian A, Sriket N, Sensupa S, Pekkoh J, Pathom-Aree W, Chromkaew Y, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Cheirsilp B, Srinuanpan S. Value-added green biorefinery co-products from ultrasonically assisted DES-pretreated Chlorella biomass. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106628. [PMID: 37793201 PMCID: PMC10550610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study pursued the goal of creating value-added co-products through an environmentally friendly biorefinery approach, employing ultrasonically assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES)-pretreated Chlorella biomass. The primary focus was on generating enriched biodiesel feedstock with exceptional fuel properties and developing hydroponic biofertilizer. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of a two-step process involving a 5-minute ultrasound-assisted DES pretreatment followed by ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction, which efficiently extracted lipids from Chlorella biomass, yielding biodiesel-quality lipids with good cetane number (59.42) and high heating value (40.11 MJ/kg). Notably, this two-step approach (78.04 mg-lipid/g-microalgal biomass) led to a significant 2.10-fold increase in lipid extraction compared to a one-step process (37.15 mg-lipid/g-microalgal biomass) that combined ultrasound-assisted DES pretreatment and solvent extraction. Importantly, the aqueous extract derived from lipid-extracted microalgal biomass residues (LMBRs) showed promise as a component in hydroponic biofertilizer production, supporting lettuce growth in hydroponic deep water culture system. Consequently, microalgae biorefinery co-products hold tremendous potential in enhancing the profitability and sustainability of interconnected sectors, encompassing renewable energy, agriculture, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antira Wichaphian
- Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Research Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nanthakrit Sriket
- Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Research Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sritip Sensupa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Research Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-Aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yupa Chromkaew
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Program of Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Research Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Rawindran H, Khoo KS, Ethiraj B, Suparmaniam U, Leong WH, Raksasat R, Liew CS, Sahrin NT, Lam MK, Kiatkittipong W, Lim JW, Zango ZU, Shahid MK, Abdelghani HTM, Ng HS. Fundamental alteration of cellular biochemicals from attached microalgae onto palm kernel expeller waste upon optimizing the growth environment in forming adhesion complex. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116533. [PMID: 37394167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Changing the growth environment for microalgae can overall lead to the fundamental alteration in cellular biochemicals whilst attaching onto palm kernel expeller (PKE) waste to form adhesion complex in easing harvesting at stationary growth phase. This study had initially optimized the PKE dosage, light intensity and photoperiod in maximizing the attached microalgal productivity being attained at 0.72 g/g day. Lipid content increased progressively from pH 3 to pH 11, with the highest value observed at pH 11. Meanwhile, in terms of protein and carbohydrate contents, the highest values were obtained by cultivation medium of pH 5 with 9.92 g and 17.72 g, respectively followed by pH 7 with 9.16 g and 16.36 g, respectively. Moreover, the findings also suggested that the low pH mediums utilized polar interactions in the formation of complexes between PKE and microalgae, whereas at higher pH levels, the non-polar interactions became more significant. The work of attachment was thermodynamically favourable towards the attachment formation with values greater than zero which was also aligned with the microscopic surface topography, i.e., revealing a clustering pattern of microalgae colonizing the PKE surface. These findings contribute to comprehensive understanding of optimizing growth condition and harvesting strategy of attached microalgae in attaining the cellular biochemical components, facilitating the development of efficient and sustainable bioresource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemamalini Rawindran
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Uganeeswary Suparmaniam
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Wai Hong Leong
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Algal Bio Co. Ltd, Todai-Kashiwa Venture Plaza, 5-4-19 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0082, Japan
| | - Ratchaprapa Raksasat
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Seng Liew
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Tasnim Sahrin
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Worapon Kiatkittipong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Kashif Shahid
- Research Institute of Environment & Biosystem, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heba Taha M Abdelghani
- Department of Physiology of Physical Activity, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sniegoňová P, Szotkowski M, Holub J, Sikorová P, Márová I. The Effect of Oil-Rich Food Waste Substrates, Used as an Alternative Carbon Source, on the Cultivation of Microalgae-A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1621. [PMID: 37512794 PMCID: PMC10383527 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are mostly phototrophic microorganisms present worldwide, showcasing great adaptability to their environment. They are known for producing essential metabolites such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, sterols, lipids, and many more. This study discusses the possibility of the mixotrophic abilities of microalgae in the presence of food waste oils. The utilization of food waste materials is becoming more popular as a research subject as its production grows every year, increasing the environmental burden. In this work, waste frying oil and coffee oil were tested for the first time as a nutrition source for microalgae cultivation. Waste frying oil is produced in large amounts all over the world and its simple purification is one of its greatest advantages as it only needs to be filtered from leftover food pieces. Coffee oil is extracted from waste spent coffee grounds as a by-product. The waste frying oil and coffee oil were added to the basic algal media as an alternative source of carbon. As a pilot study for further experimentation, the effect of oil in the medium, algal adaptability, and capability to survive were tested within these experiments. The growth and production characteristics of four algae and cyanobacteria strains were tested, of which the strain Desmodesmus armatus achieved exceptional results of chlorophyll (8.171 ± 0.475 mg/g) and ubiquinone (5.708 ± 0.138 mg/g) production. The strain Chlamydomonas reindhartii showed exceptional lipid accumulation in the range of 30-46% in most of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Sniegoňová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Szotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Holub
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Sikorová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Márová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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