1
|
Sheikh MS, Sarder MJ, Bhuiyan A, Rahman MJ. Structural and optical behaviours of methyl acrylate-vinyl acetate composite thin films synthesized under dynamic low-pressure plasma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18524. [PMID: 37520999 PMCID: PMC10374916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-pressure (33.33 Pa) plasma polymerized methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate composite thin films with various monomer compositions were deposited onto glass substrates. Under the same plasma conditions, the homopolymer thin films were also prepared. The thickness of the composite films was observed to vary between 117 and 213 nm depending on the monomer ratio. The composite films exhibit a smooth, pinhole-free, and immaculate surface morphology, surpassing that of the homopolymers. The energy dispersive x-ray study shows that the films contain mainly carbon and oxygen with 26.09-37.20 at% and 35.03 - 40.10 at%, respectively. The composite films contain more carbon contents which enhance the film stability. The appearance of some broad absorption bands in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates structural changes in the PP films caused by the restructuring or dilapidation of monomer molecules while forming the polymer. The UV-visible spectra analysis reveal that the composite films exhibited a tunable optical band gap by adjusting the monomer ratio. The decrease of methyl acrylate monomer reduces the direct and indirect optical band-gap values of composite films from 3.15 to 3.00 eV and 2.35 to 1.74 eV, respectively. While Urbach energy values increases from 0.33 eV to 0.90 eV. All the films showed good transmittance properties (86 - 96%) in the visible range wavelength (550 - 800 nm). Other optical parameters are also found better in composite films which indicates the aptness of the composite films in various optoelectronic or electronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saddam Sheikh
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Juel Sarder
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - A.H. Bhuiyan
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
- University of Information Technology and Sciences, Baridhara, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jellur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Naggar AM, Brnawi SZ, Kamal AM, Albassam AA, Heiba ZK, Mohamed MB. Structural, Optical, and Electrical Parameters of Doped PVA/PVP Blend with TPAI or THAI Salt. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2661. [PMID: 37376307 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 70% polyvinyl alcohol/30% polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) polymer blends, with different weight ratios of tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) or tetrahexylammonium iodide (THAI) salt, were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to trace the crystalline nature of the formed blends. The SEM and EDS techniques were applied to figure out the morphology of the blends. The variation in the FTIR vibrational bands was used to investigate the chemical composition and the effect of different salt doping on the functional groups of the host blend. The influence of the salt type (TPAI or THAI) and its ratio on the linear and nonlinear optical parameters for the doped blends were investigated in detail. Absorbance and reflectance are highly enhanced in the UV region reaching a maximum for the blend with 24% TPAI or THAI; so, it can be employed as shielding materials for UVA and UVB types. The direct (5.1 eV) and indirect (4.8 eV) optical bandgaps were reduced continuously to (3.52, 3.63 eV) and (3.45, 3.51 eV) while increasing the content of TPAI or THAI, respectively. The blend doped with 24% wt TPAI exhibited the highest refractive index (around 3.5 in 400-800 nm). The DC conductivity is affected by the content and type of salt, its dispersion, and blend-salt interaction. The activation energies of different blends were obtained by applying the Arrhenius formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M El-Naggar
- Research Chair of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Applications in Saudi Arabia, Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadia Z Brnawi
- Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Kamal
- Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Albassam
- Research Chair of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Applications in Saudi Arabia, Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zein K Heiba
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bakr Mohamed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Naggar AM, Heiba ZK, Kamal AM, Abd-Elkader OH, Mohamed MB. Impact of ZnS/Mn on the Structure, Optical, and Electric Properties of PVC Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092091. [PMID: 37177234 PMCID: PMC10181163 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most efficient way to create novel materials that may be used in a variety of optoelectronic applications is thought to be doped mixed polymers with appropriate fillers. Undoped and doped PVC polymers with ZnS/Mn formed at different temperatures were fabricated using the casting method. The Rietveld method was used to discover the structure and microstructure of Zn0.95Mn0.05S prepared at T = 300, 400, and 500 °C. The distribution and existence of the nanofiller over the PVC matrix were determined via XRD, FTIR, EDS, and SEM techniques. The effect of the preparation temperatures of the ZnS/Mn nanofiller on the absorption, transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant, AC conductivity, electrical modulus, and DC conductivity activation energy data of the PVC polymer was studied using the diffused reflectance technique. Doping PVC with ZnS/Mn (prepared at 300 °C) lowered the direct and indirect optical band gaps from 5.4 and 4.52 eV to minimum values of 4.55 and 3.63 eV. The fluorescence intensity of pure PVC is greatly enhanced upon loading with ZnS/Mn. The PVC exhibited two near UV peaks, one violet and one blue color, while, in addition, the doped polymers exhibited green and orange colors. The corresponding CIE diagram for all the samples was also determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M El-Naggar
- Research Chair of Exploitation of Renewable Energy Applications in Saudi Arabia, Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zein K Heiba
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - A M Kamal
- Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar H Abd-Elkader
- Physics & Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bakr Mohamed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Şolomonea BG, Jinga LI, Antohe VA, Socol G, Antohe I. Cadmium Ions' Trace-Level Detection Using a Portable Fiber Optic-Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080573. [PMID: 36004969 PMCID: PMC9405698 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution with cadmium (Cd) is a major concern worldwide, with prolonged exposure to this toxic heavy metal causing serious health problems, such as kidney damage, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases, only to mention a few. Herein, a gold-coated reflection-type fiber optic--surface plasmon resonance (Au-coated FO-SPR) sensor is manufactured and functionalized with (i) bovine serum albumin (BSA), (ii) chitosan, and (iii) polyaniline (PANI), respectively, for the sensitive detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+) in water. Then, the three sensor functionalization strategies are evaluated and compared one at a time. Out of these strategies, the BSA-functionalized FO-SPR sensor is found to be highly sensitive, exhibiting a limit of detection (LOD) for Cd2+ detection at nM level. Moreover, the presence of Cd2+ on the FO-SPR sensor surface was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique and also quantified consecutively for all the above-mentioned functionalization strategies. Hence, the BSA-functionalized FO-SPR sensor is sensitive, provides a rapid detection time, and is cheap and portable, with potential applicability for monitoring trace-level amounts of Cd within environmental or potable water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca-Georgiana Şolomonea
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomiştilor Street 409, 077125 Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania; (B.-G.Ş.); (L.-I.J.)
- Faculty of Physics, Research and Development Center for Materials and Electronic & Optoelectronic Devices (MDEO), University of Bucharest, Atomiştilor Street 405, 077125 Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Luiza-Izabela Jinga
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomiştilor Street 409, 077125 Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania; (B.-G.Ş.); (L.-I.J.)
| | - Vlad-Andrei Antohe
- Faculty of Physics, Research and Development Center for Materials and Electronic & Optoelectronic Devices (MDEO), University of Bucharest, Atomiştilor Street 405, 077125 Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania;
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Socol
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomiştilor Street 409, 077125 Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania; (B.-G.Ş.); (L.-I.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Iulia Antohe
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomiştilor Street 409, 077125 Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania; (B.-G.Ş.); (L.-I.J.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), Splaiul Independenţei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alamry KA, Khan A, Hussein MA, Alfaifi SY. Sensitive electrochemical detection of toxic nitro-phenol in real environmental samples using enzymeless oxidized-carboxymethyl cellulose-sulfate/sulfated polyaniline composite based electrode. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|