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Hanazono K, Itami T, Hayasaka I, Miyoshi K, Hori A, Kato K, Endoh D. Evaluation of Renal Blood Flow in Dogs during Short-Term Human-Dose Epoprostenol Administration Using Pulsed Doppler and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091175. [PMID: 35565601 PMCID: PMC9103000 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since there is a lack of information regarding how epoprostenol, a prostacyclin, affects canine renal blood flow (RBF), we investigated the effects of short-term administration of epoprostenol at human doses of 2, 5, and 10 ng/kg/min intravenously for 20 min on RBF in six healthy dogs under anesthesia. The effects of short-term administration were investigated. As the dose of epoprostenol increased, peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of the renal arteries, maximum and minimum venous flow velocities of the interlobular and renal veins, and heart rate all tended to increase. However, these increases were not significant. These results indicate that the administration of human doses of epoprostenol to dogs does not produce significant changes in renal or systemic circulation. Abstract Prostacyclin is an in vivo bioactive substance that regulates renal blood flow (RBF). Information regarding how epoprostenol, a prostacyclin preparation, affects RBF in dogs is lacking. We investigated the effects of short-term epoprostenol administration on RBF in six healthy dogs under anesthesia by administering it intravenously at human doses—2, 5, and 10 ng/kg/min for 20 min. RBF was evaluated before and during epoprostenol administration using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, and renal perfusion was evaluated using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Effects on renal and systemic circulation were evaluated by measuring systolic arterial, mean arterial, diastolic arterial, pulmonary arterial, mean right atrial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures; heart rate; and cardiac output. Kruskal–Wallis and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analyses. As epoprostenol dosage increased, the peak systolic and end diastolic velocity of the renal artery, maximum and minimum venous flow velocities of the interlobular and renal veins, and heart rate all tended to increase, although not significantly. Our results indicate that human-dose epoprostenol administration in dogs does not cause significant changes in renal or systemic circulation. However, the human doses used may have been too low to produce a clinical effect in dogs.
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Evangelista GCL, Viana AGDA, Neves MM, Reis ECC. Resistivity and pulsatility indexes in feline kidney disease: a systematic review. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:306-318. [PMID: 35576272 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Doppler ultrasonography is used in the evaluation of hemodynamics, and the resistivity (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indexes provide information about resistance to blood flow within a vessel. This systematic review was carried out to evaluate renal RI and PI in clinically healthy and nonsedated cats and as well as their usefulness in the evaluation of kidney disease in cats. An electronic search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was carried out using the terms "resistive index" or "resistivity index" or "pulsatility index;" "Doppler;" "renal" or "kidney;" and "cat" or "feline" in titles, abstracts, and keywords. Variables of interest related to experimental model features, research methods, and technical resources were extracted from the studies. The methodological quality was assessed with SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Thus, 14 studies involving healthy and sick cats were selected. Interestingly, the upper limits estimated for both RI and PI varied among studies. The upper limits of renal RI for healthy cats varied between 0.64 and 0.72, while for PI, the values varied from 1.06 to 1.29. A limited number of studies evaluated cats with kidney disease. In most studies, RI values of kidneys with different conditions were significantly different from kidneys of healthy animals, indicating that RI values increase with kidney disease. The parameters body weight, heart rate, and age seem to influence the RI values. Standardized studies regarding its realization and description are still necessary to define normal values and analyze its applicability in the clinical diagnostic routine.
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Azizi F, Nasrollahzadeh Masouleh M, Mashhadi Rafie S, Asghari A, Bokaie S. Effects of medetomidine on intra-renal arteries resistive and pulsatility indices in clinically normal adult domestic shorthair cats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2018; 9:137-143. [PMID: 30065802 PMCID: PMC6047583 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.30832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of intramuscular injection of medetomidine on intra-renal arteries resistive and pulsatility indices by duplex Doppler ultrasonography in clinically normal adult domestic shorthair cats. For this purpose, twenty-six neutered adult healthy domestic shorthair cats (13 females and 13 males) were evaluated. B-mode, color Doppler and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of right and left kidneys were performed to record the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of intra-renal arteries. To minimize statistical errors, the mean RI and PI were determined for each kidney by averaging three waveforms from the intra-renal arteries. Twenty-four hr later, the cats were sedated by 0.04 mg kg-1 intramuscular administration of medetomidine. All the Doppler measurements were repeated 15 min after drug administration. Mean ± standard deviation )SD( of PI and RI of the intra-renal arteries before administration of intramuscular medetomidine were 1.03 ± 0.08 and 0.61 ± 0.02, respectively. Fifteen min after medetomidine administration, the mean ± SD of PI and RI values were 1.04 ± 0.08 and 0.61 ± 0.02, respectively. Significant differences were not detected in mean PI and RI values before and 15 min after drug administration. Our findings showed that intramuscular administration of medetomidine does not cause significant hemodynamic changes in the intra-renal arteries after 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Azizi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Nasrollahzadeh Masouleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Seeyamak Mashhadi Rafie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Sousa F, Pessoa GT, Moura LS, Araújo JR, Rodrigues R, Barbosa M, Diniz AN, Souza AB, Silva EG, Lucena LU, Sanches MP, Silva-Filho OF, Guerra PC, Sousa JM, Neves WC, Alves FR. Organogenesis and foetal haemodynamics during the normal gestation of healthy black-rumped agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831) bred in captivity. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:60-66. [PMID: 27687997 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to define the patterns of organogenesis and foetal haemodynamics during the normal gestation of healthy agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) kept in captivity. Thirty pregnant agoutis that ranged in size from small to medium and weighed between 2.5 and 3 kg underwent B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography for the biometric evaluation of the foetal organs. The foetal aortic blood flow proved to be predominantly systolic, and the measured flow velocity was 78.89 ± 2.95 cm/s, with a maximum pressure gradient of 2.12 ± 0.27 mmHg. The liver was characterized by its large volume, occupying the entire cranial aspect of the abdominal cavity, and it was associated cranially with the diaphragm and caudally with the stomach. The flow velocity in the portal vein was estimated to equal 12.17 ± 2.37 cm/s, with a resistivity index of 0.82 ± 0.05. The gallbladder was centrally located and protruded cranially towards the diaphragm. The spleen was visualized as an elongated structure with tapered cranial and caudal extremities, and the foetal kidneys were visualized bilaterally in the retroperitoneal region, with the right kidney positioned slightly more cranially than the left. The morphological characterization and hemodynamic analysis of the foetal organs of black-rumped agoutis via B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography allow determination of the vascular network and of reference values for the blood flow required for perfusing the anatomical elements essential for maintaining the viability of foetuses at different gestational ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fca Sousa
- Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - G T Pessoa
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - L S Moura
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - J R Araújo
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Rps Rodrigues
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medicine Undergraduate Course, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Maps Barbosa
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Veterinary Medicine Undergraduate Course, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - A N Diniz
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - A B Souza
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - E G Silva
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - L U Lucena
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - M P Sanches
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - O F Silva-Filho
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Postgraduate Animal Science Program, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - P C Guerra
- Department of Clinical Science, Veterinary Medicine, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - J M Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - W C Neves
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - F R Alves
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Specialized Veterinary Imaging, Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Santarosa BP, Ferreira DO, Belotta AF, Dias A, Mamprim MJ, Gonçalves RC. B-Mode and pulsed Doppler sonography of kidney in healthy sheep according to age. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: There is no standardization in the literature of kidney length in sheep at different ages, as there are few studies about the access with the Doppler triplex ultrasound for the renal vascularization in this species. Eighty healthy sheep of three age groups of Ile de France and White Dorper breed were used: 20 lambs, 30 yearlings and 30 adults (8 rams and 22 ewes). Renal healthiness of the animals was confirmed by serum biochemical tests of urea and creatinine, and by observation of renal architecture with conventional ultrasound, besides measurement of vital parameters. A portable ultrasound (My LabTM30 Vet Gold Esaote®, Esaote Healthcare) device was used, with a convex transducer with 3.5MHz frequency. After identification of the kidneys in two-dimensional mode, the measurement of length in the sagittal section was performed in all sheep (n=80). Then color Doppler was activated for visualization of renal and interlobar arteries of the right kidney, and the resistivity index (RI) of the yearlings (n=30) and ewes (n=22) was measured. Biochemical tests remained within normal limits and renal architecture was preserved. The values of the right and left renal length were different between the groups, increasing with age (4.34cm and 4.31cm in lambs; 6.08cm and 6.23cm in yearlings; 7.57cm and 7.37cm in adults, respectively). Median values of RI of the renal artery were statistically different (p<0.05) between the groups of yearlings (0.57) and ewes (0.52). The median RI of the interlobar artery was similar in yearlings (0.58) and ewes (0.54).
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Baltazar PI, Da Silva Moura L, Pessoa GT, De Sá Rodrigues RP, Sanches MP, Das Neves Diniz A, Das Chagas Araújo Sousa F, Guerra PC, Neves WC, Giglio RF, De Jesus Rosa Pereira Alves J, De Assis Leite Souza F, Braga JFV, Alves FR. Comparative B-mode and Doppler renal ultrasonography with histopathological findings in dogs positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:637-45. [PMID: 27194210 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphological parameters and renal flow were assessed and measured in six clinically healthy dogs with negative serological and parasitological examinations for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and six dogs with CVL-positive serological and parasitological tests and asymptomatic condition of the disease. Kidney length and diameter were measured and compared with the aorta/kidney ratio. Alterations in flow were measured using the flow velocity (cm/s) and resistance index (RI). Renal function was assessed by serum biochemical examination (urea, creatine, total proteins, albumin, and globulin) and urinalysis. CVL-positive animals presented heterogeneous kidney echotexture, reduced vascular flow, hypoperfusion, lesser visualization of the arcuate arteries, high RI values (1.06 ± 0.28 for the right kidney and 1.10 ± 0.30 for the left kidney), reduced diastolic flow, and high systolic peak. They also presented positive creatine/RI correlation and between the renal artery vascular flow and kidney diameter. Histopathological analysis of CVL-positive animals was compatible and confirmed hemodynamic changes observed by Doppler ultrasound. The findings in the present study showed that Doppler ultrasonography is a valid method to assess and detect alterations in flow in renal pathological processes with kidney vascular damage, as in the case of leishmaniasis, and can help in the diagnosis of animals with this infection. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:637-645, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Irene Baltazar
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Laecio Da Silva Moura
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Gerson Tavares Pessoa
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Renan Paraguassu De Sá Rodrigues
- Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Marina Pinto Sanches
- Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Anaemilia Das Neves Diniz
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Francisco Das Chagas Araújo Sousa
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Porfírio Candanedo Guerra
- Health Department Clinics, State University of Maranhão, Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65055-310, Brazil
| | - Willams Costa Neves
- Department of Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Robson Fortes Giglio
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | | | | | - Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio Ribeiro Alves
- Department of Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
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Chetboul V, Daste T, Gouni V, Concordet D, Trehiou-Sechi E, Serres F, Pouchelon J, Germain C, Layssol-Lamour C, Lefebvre H. Renal Resistive Index in 55 Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 26:101-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. Gouni
- Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons-Alfort
| | - D. Concordet
- Université de Toulouse; INPT; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse; F-31076 Toulouse & INRA; Toulouse
| | - E. Trehiou-Sechi
- Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons-Alfort
| | - F. Serres
- Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons-Alfort
| | - J.L. Pouchelon
- UMR INSERM U955; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons-Alfort
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Champion T, Pereira Neto GB, Camacho AA. Effects of acute normovolemic anemia on hemodynamic parameters and Acid-base balance in dogs. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:829054. [PMID: 21547226 PMCID: PMC3087501 DOI: 10.4061/2011/829054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and acid-base status of dogs subjected to acute normovolemic anemia. The dogs (n = 10) were evaluated 15 minutes and 24 hours after induction of anemia (hematocrit below 18%) with blood withdrawal and simultaneously replacement of same volume of Ringer's lactate solution and hydroxyethyl starch-based solution in a 2 : 1 ratio. The cardiac output was measured by Doppler echocardiography and blood pressure by oscillometric device, and posteriorly hemodynamic parameters were calculated. The anemic groups had increase in cardiac index (P < .05) (3.82 ± 1.05 to 5.86 ± 1.49 and 5.81 ± 1.63 L/min × m2) and decreases (P < .05) in the indices of total peripheral resistance (6797.81 ± 3060.22 to 3220.14 ± 1275.02 and 3887.74 ± 1394.89 dina·seg/cm5 × m2) and oxygen delivery (7942.84 ± 3344.00 to 4021.68 ± 1627.00 and 4430.82 ± 1402.61 mL/min × m2), respectively. There were no significant changes in pH, but PaO2 and SaO2 values were increased, and PaCO2 reduced in anemic dogs (P < .05). Therefore, acute normovolemic anemia can create significant hemodynamic changes and despite some hemogasometric changes, there were no changes in the acid-base status in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Champion
- Department of Animal Surgery and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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