1
|
Monteiro FDDO, Borges LPB, Cardoso TDS, Teixeira PPM, Filho DZ, Sartori VC, Pereira RN, Flores FN, Coelho CMM, Silva MAM, Valadão CAA. Animal Model of Video-Assisted Cecum and Ileum Instrumentation for Equine Visceral Pain Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 108:103799. [PMID: 34856499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe an animal model for studying equine visceral pain using minimally invasive and video-assisted cecum and ileum instrumentation. The access to the cecum and ileum was affected because of a previous typhlostomy. For video-assisted distention of the cecum and ileum, a distention device, which we developed using an endotracheal Rusch probe, was used, adapted, and coupled to a cuffometer to inflate and measure the pressure of the cuff attached to its distal portion. In a video-assisted manner, the distal portion of the device was introduced into the cecum and ileum, which contained the cuff in its distal portion, properly positioning it in the lumen. The cuff of the distension device was insufflated after the measurement of baseline physiological parameters of the animals and video-assisted confirmation of its right placement in the cecum and ileum lumen (M0). Was performed in one moment through two simultaneous cuff compressions and 1 minute of animal observation to evaluate the degree of abdominal discomfort manifestations (M1). To cease these stimuli, the cuff was deflated by disconnecting the extensor of the distension device attached to its proximal portion (M2). The procedure was easily performed in most cases. Slow and progressive insufflation allowed subjective adjustment of the intensity of the pain stimulus based on behavioral manifestations. Even with a low rate of complications, the model is feasible and reproducible for studies on visceral pain and the evaluation of analgesic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Pucci Bueno Borges
- Instituto of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silva Cardoso
- Instituto of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira
- Instituto of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Cibiac Sartori
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Scienses, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farrell A, Kersh K, Liepman R, Dembek KA. Development of a Colic Scoring System to Predict Outcome in Horses. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:697589. [PMID: 34692803 PMCID: PMC8531487 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute abdominal pain in the horse is a common emergency presenting to equine practices. The wide variety of etiologies makes prognosticating survival a challenge. A retrospective, multi-institutional clinical study was performed to determine clinical parameters associated with survival of horses with colic, and to use them to develop a colic survival scoring system. The scoring system was then validated using clinical data in the prospective portion of the study. Medical records from 67 horses presenting for acute abdominal pain were evaluated to develop the colic assessment score. Twenty eight variables were compared between survivors and non-survivors and entered into logistic regression models for survival. Of these, six variables were included in the colic assessment score. A total colic assessment score range was from 0 to 12, with the highest score representing the lowest probability of survival. The optimal cutoff value to predict survival was seven resulting in an 86% sensitivity and 64% specificity with a positive predictive value of 88% and a negative predictive value of 57%. Data from 95 horses presenting for abdominal pain to two equine hospitals was then collected prospectively to validate the colic assessment score. Horses from the prospective portion of the study that received a score >7 were classified as predicted to die and those with a score ≤7 were predicted to survive. The classification was compared to the actual outcome, of which the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the colic assessment score were 84, 62, 88, and 52%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Farrell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kevin Kersh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel Liepman
- Chaparral Veterinary Medical Center, Cave Creek, AZ, United States
| | - Katarzyna A Dembek
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shane SE, Langston VC, Wills RW, Denney WS, Knych H, Fontenot RL, Meyer RE, Natalini CC. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous continuous rate infusion and repeated intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine in standing horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:533-543. [PMID: 33576078 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ideal dexmedetomidine protocol has yet to be determined for standing sedation in horses. It was hypothesized that an IV bolus followed by CRI dexmedetomidine would have a quicker increase in plasma concentrations compared with repeated IM injections. In a crossover design, eight adult, female horses were randomly placed into two groups: the CRI group (IV bolus dexmedetomidine at 0.005 mg/kg followed by a CRI at 0.01 mg/kg/h for 15 min then 0.005 mg/kg/h for 60 min) and the IM group (dexmedetomidine at 0.01 mg/kg, followed by 0.005 mg/kg in 30-min intervals for 60 min). Clearance and elimination half-life were 134 ± 67.4 ml/kg/min and 44.3 ± 26.3 min, respectively, in the CRI group, and apparent clearance and half-life were 412 ± 306 ml/kg/min (Cl/F) and 38.9 ± 18.6 min, respectively, in the IM group. Analgesia was evaluated using mechanical pressure threshold. Intravenous dexmedetomidine produced faster onset of sedation and increased pressure threshold compared with IM administration. Individual horses had a large variability in dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations between CRI and IM administration. The odds of a decreased GI motility following IV administration was 12.34 times greater compared with IM administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Shane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Vernon C Langston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Robert W Wills
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Heather Knych
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robin L Fontenot
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Robert E Meyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Claudio C Natalini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gomaa NA, Ibrahim HM, Ishii M, Nassif MN, El-khodery SA. Dose-dependent effects of mosapride citrate on duodenal and cecal motility in donkeys (Equus asinus). Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A. Gomaa
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Hussam M.M. Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mitsuo Ishii
- Large Animal Medicine Research Unit, Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Medhat N. Nassif
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Sabry A. El-khodery
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, 13662Tripoli, Libya
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salciccia A, Gougnard A, Grulke S, de la Rebière de Pouyade G, Libertiaux V, Busoni V, Sandersen C, Serteyn D. Gastrointestinal effects of general anaesthesia in horses undergoing non abdominal surgery: focus on the clinical parameters and ultrasonographic images. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:123-128. [PMID: 30884328 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ultrasonographic images of the gastrointestinal tract in horses can be influenced by fasting and sedation but the proper effect of general anaesthesia (GA) on them has not been determined yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GA on ultrasonographic images of the gastrointestinal tract in horses and to compare these effects with a clinical evaluation. Twenty horses undergoing non-abdominal surgeries were evaluated by ultrasonography before and 4 times within 24 h after GA. Each ultrasonographic exam focused on the stomach, the duodenum and on 5 locations on the jejunum. The four-quadrant auscultation and the postoperative faecal output were also recorded. Pre and post anaesthetic values were compared using linear mixed effects models. None of the horses presented colic signs or reduced faecal output. During the first 2 post anaesthetic evaluations, the gut sounds were significantly decreased and, when taking all jejunal locations together, the jejunal diameter and visualisation frequency significantly increased. No intestinal loop appeared thickened and most of their diameters remained within the normal range. Our results suggest that the effects of GA on the ultrasonographic images of the small intestine are mild and of short duration and can therefore be differentiated from a pathological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Salciccia
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alexandra Gougnard
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Grulke
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium
| | - Geoffroy de la Rebière de Pouyade
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Libertiaux
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium
| | - Valeria Busoni
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B 41, Avenue de Cureghem, 5D, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium; FARAH, Research Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
VanderBroek AR, Reef VB, Aitken MR, Stefanovski D, Southwood LL. Assessing gastrointestinal motility in healthy horses comparing auscultation, ultrasonography and an acoustic gastrointestinal surveillance biosensor: a randomised, blinded, controlled crossover proof of principle study. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:246-251. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. VanderBroek
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
| | - V. B. Reef
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
| | - M. R. Aitken
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
| | - D. Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
| | - L. L. Southwood
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lisowski ZM, Pirie RS, Blikslager AT, Lefebvre D, Hume DA, Hudson NPH. An update on equine post-operative ileus: Definitions, pathophysiology and management. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:292-303. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. M. Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - R. S. Pirie
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - A. T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - D. Lefebvre
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - D. A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
- Mater Research; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
| | - N. P. H. Hudson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Right dorsal colon ultrasonography in normal adult ponies and miniature horses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186825. [PMID: 29065146 PMCID: PMC5655355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the normal location, wall thickness and motility of the right dorsal colon in adult ponies and miniature horses. The abdominal ultrasonography examination was performed in a study group consisting of 23 ponies and miniature horses and in a control group comprising ten Thoroughbred horses. The procedure was performed in unsedated standing animals. The location and the thickness of the right dorsal colonic wall was examined on the right side of the abdomen between the 10th and the 14th intercostal space. The contractility was recorded in the 12th intercostal space. A comparative analysis between the study group and control group was carried out using the Student’s t-test. Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient was used to calculate the correlation between the thickness of the colonic wall as well as the number of peristaltic movements and age, wither height and body mass of the animals. The right dorsal colon was identified in all the horses in the 12th intercostal space. In all the intercostal spaces the mean ± standard deviation (SD) wall thickness of the right dorsal colon was 0.27 ± 0.03 cm in the horses from the study group and 0.37 ± 0.03 cm in the control horses. The mean number of peristaltic contractions was 4.05 ± 1.07 per minute in the animals from the study group and 1.7 ± 0.46 contractions per minute in the control group. The values of the ultrasonographic wall thickness and peristaltic motility in small breed horses in the present study were different from the values obtained for large breed horses. The study also found that the right dorsal colon in small breed horses is physiologically located in the 12th intercostal space. This suggests that different reference values should be used in small horse breeds when performing an ultrasound examination.
Collapse
|
9
|
Curtis L, Burford JH, Thomas JSM, Curran ML, Bayes TC, England GCW, Freeman SL. Prospective study of the primary evaluation of 1016 horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain by veterinary practitioners, and the differentiation of critical and non-critical cases. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:69. [PMID: 26444675 PMCID: PMC4596518 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of research on the evaluation of horses with colic is focused on referral hospital populations. Early identification of critical cases is important to optimise outcome and welfare. The aim of this prospective study was to survey the primary evaluation of horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain by veterinary practitioners, and compare the initial presentation of critical and non-critical cases. RESULTS Data from 1016 primary evaluations of horses presenting with clinical signs of colic were submitted by 167 veterinary practitioners across the United Kingdom over a 13 month period. The mean age of the study population was 13.5 years (median 12.0, range 0-42). Mean heart rate on primary presentation was 47 beats/min (median 44, range 18-125), mean respiratory rate was 20 breaths/min (median 16, range 6-100), and median gastrointestinal auscultation score (0-12, minimum-maximum) was 5 (range 0-12). Clinical signs assessed using a behavioural severity score (0-17, minimum-maximum), were between 0 and 6 in 70.4 % of cases, and 7-12 for 29.6 % of cases. Rectal examination was performed in 73.8 % of cases. Cases that responded positively to simple medical treatment were categorised retrospectively as 'non-critical'; cases that required intensive medical treatment, surgical intervention, died or were euthanased were categorised as 'critical'. Eight-hundred-and-twenty-two cases met these criteria; 76.4 % were 'non-critical' and 23.6 % were 'critical'. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify features of the clinical presentation associated with critical cases. Five variables were retained in the final multivariable model: combined pain score: (OR 1.19, P < 0.001, 95 % CI 1.09-1.30), heart rate (OR 1.06, P < 0.001, 95 % CI 1.04-1.08), capillary refill time >2.5 s (OR 3.21, P = 0.046, 95 % CI 1.023-10.09), weak pulse character (OR 2.90, P = 0.004, 95 % CI 1.39-5.99) and absence of gut sounds in ≥1 quadrant (OR 3.65, P < 0.001, 95 % CI 2.08-6.41). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study comparing the primary presentation of critical and non-critical cases of abdominal pain. Pain, heart rate, gastrointestinal borborygmi and simple indicators of hypovolaemia were significant indicators of critical cases, even at the primary veterinary examination, and should be considered essential components of the initial assessment and triage of horses presenting with colic.
Collapse
|
10
|
Elfenbein JR, Robertson SA, MacKay RJ, KuKanich B, Sanchez L. Systemic and anti-nociceptive effects of prolonged lidocaine, ketamine, and butorphanol infusions alone and in combination in healthy horses. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10 Suppl 1:S6. [PMID: 25238633 PMCID: PMC4123056 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-s1-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged drug infusions are used to treat horses with severe signs of pain, but can be associated with altered gastrointestinal transit. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prolonged constant rate infusions (CRI) of lidocaine (L), butorphanol (B), and ketamine (K) alone and in combination on gastrointestinal transit, behavior, and thermal nociceptive threshold in healthy horses. Methods Eight healthy adult horses were used in a randomized, cross-over, blinded, prospective experimental trial. Interventions were saline, L, K, B, LK, LB, BK, and LBK as an intravenous CRI for 96 hours. Drugs were mixed or diluted in saline; following a bolus, CRI rate was 0.15mL/kg/hr with drug doses as follows: L – 1.3 mg/kg then 3 mg/kg/hr; B – 0.018 mg/kg then 0.013 mg/kg/hr; K – 0.55 mg/kg then 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Two-hundred plastic beads were administered intragastrically by nasogastric tube immediately prior to the bolus. Feces were collected every 2 hours, weighed, and beads manually retrieved. Behavior was scored every 2 hours, vital parameters every 6 hours, and thermal nociceptive threshold every 12 hours for 96 hours. Drug concentrations in the LBK solution were tested every 6 hours for 72 hours. Results Four of 64 trials (3 LBK, 1 BK) were discontinued early due to signs of abdominal discomfort. There were no apparent differences between groups in vital parameters or thermal threshold. Transit time was delayed for LB and LBK with a corresponding decrease in fecal weight that was most severe in the final 24 hours of infusion. Significant changes in behavior scores, vital parameters, or thermal threshold were not observed. The concentration of each drug in the combined solution declined by less than 31% over the sampling period. Conclusions Drug combinations containing butorphanol cause an apparent delay in gastrointestinal transit in healthy horses without substantially affecting somatic nociception at the doses studied. Combinations of lidocaine and ketamine may have less impact on gastrointestinal transit than infusions combined with butorphanol. Further work is needed to determine the effects of these drugs in painful or critically ill patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Banse H, Holbrook T. Use of duodenal ultrasonography to detect alterations in intestinal motility of endurance horses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/cep13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colic is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the endurance horse. Detection of ileus may promote earlier intervention, preventing progression to colic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 50 mile (80.46 km) endurance ride on duodenal motility in endurance horses using trans-abdominal (duodenal) ultrasonography, and compare duodenal motility to gastrointestinal motility as assessed by gastrointestinal auscultation. 29 horses competing in five different 50 mile rides were included in this prospective study. Signalment, experience level, and ride performance data were recorded. Physical examination findings were recorded before and at completion of the ride. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography was performed before and within 90 min of completion of the ride to assess duodenal contractility. Duodenal motility assessed via ultrasonography decreased from before to after the race in horses undergoing ultrasound evaluation within 60 min of completion (P=0.03). Gastrointestinal motility assessed via auscultation decreased significantly after the race (P=0.03). Duodenal motility was negatively correlated with physical examination findings of dehydration and altered metabolic status. These findings indicate that gastrointestinal motility in horses is decreased by endurance exercise. Ultrasonography appears to be a useful method for objective assessment of motility in endurance horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H.E. Banse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - T.C. Holbrook
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sundra TM, Harrison JL, Lester GD, Raidal SL, Phillips JK. The influence of spasmolytic agents on heart rate variability and gastrointestinal motility in normal horses. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1426-33. [PMID: 22683390 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hyoscine-N-butylbromide (hyoscine) and propantheline-bromide (propantheline) on heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contractions in the normal horse were determined. Five adult horses had ECG recordings for 180 min after treatment with propantheline (100mg), hyoscine (120 mg) or saline. Both propantheline and hyoscine reduced GIT sounds, with propantheline having a longer duration of effect (≥120 min). Both drugs elevated HR relative to the control baseline period (P<0.05), with the effects of propantheline again being of longer duration. HRV analysis indicated that propantheline suppressed Total Power (P<0.05), and both the high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) components of the power spectral analysis for up to 60-90 min post treatment. Hyoscine had no effect on HRV Total Power but reduced the HF component for 30 min after drug injection. Time domain variables correlated with Total Power and HF data (P<0.01). The marked effect of these compounds on parasympathetic control of cardiac and GIT function in normal horses should be taken into consideration when evaluating a clinical response to these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Sundra
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150 WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
WILLIAMS S, TUCKER CA, GREEN MJ, FREEMAN SL. Investigation of the effect of pasture and stable management on large intestinal motility in the horse, measured using transcutaneous ultrasonography. Equine Vet J 2011:93-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Okamura K, Sasaki N, Kikuchi T, Murata A, Lee I, Yamada H, Inokuma H. Effects of mosapride on motility of the small intestine and caecum in normal horses after jejunocaecostomy. J Vet Sci 2009; 10:157-60. [PMID: 19461212 PMCID: PMC2801111 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prokinetic effects of mosapride with non-invasive assessment of myoelectrical activity in the small intestine and caecum of healthy horses after jejunocaecostomy. Six horses underwent celiotomy and jejunocaecostomy, and were treated with mosapride (treated group) at 1.5 mg/kg per osos once daily for 5 days after surgery. The other six horses did not receive treatment and were used as controls (non-treated group). The electrointestinography (EIG) maximum amplitude was used to measure intestinal motility. Motility significantly decreased following surgery. In the treated group, the EIG maximum amplitude of the small intestine was significantly higher than in the controls from day 6 approximately 31 after treatment. These findings clearly indicate that mosapride could overcome the decline of intestinal motility after jejunocaecostomy in normal horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Okamura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|