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Osteochondrosis (osteochondritis dissecans) in Lusitano horses: prevalence and characteristics. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 117:104063. [PMID: 35787450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Ramos S, Pinto A, Cardoso M, Alexandre N, Bettencourt E, Monteiro S, Gama LT. Prevalence of Radiographic Signs of Osteoarthritis in Lusitano Purebred Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 94:103196. [PMID: 33077091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiographic prevalence and correlation of radiographic findings has not been performed in Lusitano Purebred horses. The aim of this study was to (1) evaluate the prevalence of primary osteoarthritis radiographic findings in Lusitano Purebred horses; (2) to assess correlations between radiographic findings in different joints of the same limb and different limbs; and (3) elucidate the effect of age in the radiographic findings. A radiographic protocol of the stifle, tarsi, fetlocks and distal limbs was done in 98 Lusitanos and the classification of the radiographs was performed using a 0-4 scale developed and applied blindly by three veterinarians. The distal interphalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, tarsometatarsal, distal intertarsal, proximal intertarsal/, tibiotarsal and femorotibial-patellar joints were evaluated. Most joints presented no abnormal findings or minor abnormal radiographic findings (82.86% grade ≤1). The most affected joint was tarsometatarsal and more severe lesions were found in tarsometatarsal and distal intertarsal. Femorotibial-patellar radiographic changes were rare (2.13%). A strong/moderate correlation was found between contralateral joints with exception hindlimb fetlocks. A moderate correlation was found between fore and hindlimbs for distal limb joints. When analyzing ipsilateral as well as diagonal distal limbs, a strong/moderate correlation was also found. The total score progressed in 0.2 score points per each year of age, revealing that age can be a statistically significant predictor for radiographic changes. Overall, Lusitano horses presented a low prevalence of severe radiographic sings of primary osteoarthritis. Findings in contralateral joints tend to be correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ramos
- Veterinary Medicine Department, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
| | - António Pinto
- Veterinary Medicine Department, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Madalena Cardoso
- Veterinary Medicine Department, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alexandre
- Veterinary Medicine Department, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elisa Bettencourt
- Veterinary Medicine Department, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Susana Monteiro
- Veterinary Medicine Department, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Luis Telo Gama
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, CIISA - Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
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Adler DMT, Serteyn D, Franck T, Jørgensen E, Christophersen MT, Denwood M, Verwilghen DR. Effects of intra-articular administration of lidocaine, mepivacaine, and the preservative methyl parahydroxybenzoate on synovial fluid biomarkers of horses. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:479-487. [PMID: 32436793 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.6.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the extent of inflammation and catabolic collagen response in the middle carpal joints (MCJs) of healthy horses following intra-articular injection of 2% lidocaine, 2% mepivacaine, lactated Ringer solution (LRS), or 0.1% methyl parahydroxybenzoate. ANIMALS 17 adult horses. PROCEDURES In the first of 2 experiments, the left middle carpal joint (MCJ) of each of 12 horses was injected with 10 mL of 2% lidocaine (n = 3), 2% mepivacaine (3), or LRS (control; 6). After a 4-week washout period, the right MCJ of the horses that received lidocaine or mepivacaine was injected with 10 mL of LRS, and the right MCJ of horses that received LRS was injected with 10 mL of 2% lidocaine (n = 3) or 2% mepivacaine (3). In experiment 2, the left MCJ of each of 5 horses was injected with 10 mL of 0.1% methyl parahydroxybenzoate. After a 48-hour washout period, the right MCJ of each horse was injected with 10 mL of LRS. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were aseptically collected before and at predetermined times after each injection. Synovial fluid WBC count, neutrophil percentage, and total protein, neutrophil myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and Coll2-1 concentrations were compared among treatments. RESULTS Both lidocaine and mepivacaine induced SF changes indicative of inflammation and a catabolic collagen response, but the magnitude of those changes was more pronounced for lidocaine. Methyl parahydroxybenzoate did not cause any SF changes indicative of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that mepivacaine was safer than lidocaine for intra-articular injection in horses.
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Mobasheri A, Lambert C, Henrotin Y. Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 as exemplars of collagen extracellular matrix turnover - biomarkers to facilitate the treatment of osteoarthritis? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:803-812. [PMID: 31327279 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1646641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. However, there are no structure or disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). Introducing personalized healthcare to patients and health-care practitioners is a high priority for the management of arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases. However, there are no biomarker tools that can be used for patient stratification, disease management, and drug development. Biomarkers are capable of diagnosing and prognosing some arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases. Cartilage-based biomarkers have the potential to be used in this context to guide the precision treatment of OA. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to focus on the pre-clinical and clinical utility of the Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 biomarkers as unique cartilage-based biomarkers that can guide the development of new treatments for OA. This expert report will begin with a background to collagens and their important biomechanical roles in the musculoskeletal system, but particularly cartilage, before exploring the data and scientific evidence to support the utility of Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 as unique biomarkers. Expert opinion: This review summarises the authors' expert view on the pre-clinical and clinical utility of the Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 biomarkers and their potential for use as drug development tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine , Vilnius , Lithuania.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , UK.,European Commission, The D-BOARD FP7 Consortium.,The APPROACH IMI Consortium.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Cecile Lambert
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropole Liège, Institute of Pathology, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Yves Henrotin
- European Commission, The D-BOARD FP7 Consortium.,The APPROACH IMI Consortium.,Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropole Liège, Institute of Pathology, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
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5
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Fradinho MJ, Mateus L, Bernardes N, Bessa RJB, Caldeira RM, Ferreira-Dias G. Growth patterns, metabolic indicators and osteoarticular status in the Lusitano horse: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219900. [PMID: 31314780 PMCID: PMC6636759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a healthy musculoskeletal system is of high concern for horse breeders and users. A longitudinal field study was performed in order to: (i) evaluate growth patterns and long-term changes on bone quality, bone metabolism, growth factors and metabolic variables in the Lusitano horse; and (ii) retrospectively assess whether these changes were related with radiographic findings regarding osteochondrosis-like lesions (OC) at the onset of training. Thirty-four Lusitano foals born and raised at four stud-farms, were periodically weighed (BW), and measured (withers height-WH) from birth to 36 months of age. On the same days, blood samples were collected for determination of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), leptin, insulin, glucose, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium plasma concentrations, and quantitative ultrasound measurements were performed on the right third metacarpal bone (McIII). At the end of the study horses underwent radiographic examination of the four fetlocks, hocks and stifles. According to their radiographic status (OC negative vs. OC positive), Richards growth function was adjusted to BW and WH data. Instantaneous BW and WH growth rates (BW IADG and WH IADG) were calculated for each foal, from the resolution of the first derivative of growth models for seven age-classes. The presence of radiographic findings compatible with OC at the onset of training was associated with changes in BW and WH growth rates. Positive horses presented higher BW IADG from six to 18 months of age and lower WH IADG before 45 days of age (P<0.001). Speed of sound measurements (SOS), bone markers, growth factors and other metabolic variables change markedly with age (P<0.01). OC positive horses tended to have lower SOS values at the lateral region of McIII, lower IGF-I, and higher insulin and PTH concentrations (P<0.1). This study provides indirect evidence that monitoring foals’ growth during the first year of life may be of assistance in managing the occurrence of OC. Further studies with a higher number of animals and a controlled feed intake should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Fradinho
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Luísa Mateus
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Caldeira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
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Joostens Z, Evrard L, Busoni V. Unipodal stance influences radiographic evaluation of foot balance in horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:273-279. [PMID: 30864267 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifting the contralateral forelimb (unipodal stance) is often used as a method of restraint in horses. This experimental one group pretest, posttest study was conducted to evaluate the effects of unipodal stance on quantitative radiographic parameters in equine forefeet. Seven nonlame horses were randomly selected. Lateromedial (LM) and dorsopalmar (DP) projections were acquired for both forefeet, squarely placed on blocks, using two X-ray generators. Radiographs of each foot were acquired first in a bipodal stance, immediately followed by the same radiographic projections obtained in a unipodal stance. The following measurements were recorded for each stance: distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) space width on both projections; mediolateral joint balance as the difference between lateral and medial DIPJ space widths on DP projections; extensor process-to-middle phalangeal condyle distance; and deep digital flexor tendon angle on LM projections. A matched pairs design and Student's t-test with a 95% confidence level were used to test for statistical significance. Compared to a bipodal stance, lateral DIPJ space width was significantly reduced on unipodal DP views, whereas mediolateral joint imbalance and to a lesser extent medial DIPJ space width were significantly increased. On unipodal LM views, there was a significant higher degree of DIPJ flexion. These findings suggest that stance should be carefully taken into consideration when measuring radiographic parameters in equine forefeet, especially if assessing foot balance and conformation, as unipodal stance significantly affects the mediolateral balance of the DIPJ on DP radiographs and significantly alters the phalangeal axis on LM radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Joostens
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Evrard
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valeria Busoni
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Turlo AJ, Cywinska A, Frisbie DD. Revisiting predictive biomarkers of musculoskeletal injury in thoroughbred racehorses: longitudinal study in polish population. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:66. [PMID: 30808359 PMCID: PMC6390350 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in racehorses and its impact on horse welfare and racing economics call for improved measures of injury diagnosis and prevention. Serum biomarkers of bone and cartilage metabolism have previously shown promise in prediction of musculoskeletal injuries in horses. This study aimed to re-evaluate usability of the predictive serum biomarkers identified in North American Thoroughbred racehorses in a geographically distinct group of Polish Thoroughbreds. RESULTS Serum concentrations of bone and cartilage biomarkers: osteocalcin, c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, total glycosaminoglycans (GAG), chondroitin sulfate epitope and c-propeptide of type II procollagen (CPII) were evaluated in the beginning and the next 3 months of one racing season in a cohort of twenty-six 2-year-old Polish racehorses. Exit criteria were diagnosis of musculoskeletal injury, leading to > 5 days off training (n = 8), or completion of 3 study months with no training interruptions (n = 18). Normalized results and matching archival data from 35 2-year-old North American racehorses was used for logistic regression analysis to identify universal predictors of injury. Mean GAG and CPII levels were lower in injured group comparing to control, which is consistent with previous findings in racehorses. These biomarkers were also identified as predictors of injury in the mixed population model. Population origin had no significant effect on predictive value of evaluated biomarkers (Wald test p = 0.137). Decreased osteocalcin and increased c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels in injured horses comparing to controls were specific for Polish population and signalized disruption in bone turnover homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Changes in serum GAG and CPII in racehorses at risk of injury appear to be similar across distinct populations while dynamics of serum bone marker is more population-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Turlo
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.,Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Anna Cywinska
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David D Frisbie
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Fawzy RM, Hashaad NI, Mansour AI. Decrease of serum biomarker of type II Collagen degradation (Coll2-1) by intra-articular injection of an autologous plasma-rich-platelet in patients with unilateral primary knee osteoarthritis. Eur J Rheumatol 2017. [PMID: 28638679 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.160076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of one dose of intra-articular injection of (PRP) in the knee joint on a specific osteoarthritis (OA) serum biomarker of cartilage degeneration, Collagen 2-1 (Coll2-1), over a short period of 3 months. The aim extended to clarify the effect of PRP on the functional status of the osteoarthritic knee joint. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with primary unilateral knee OA were enrolled in this study. They were subdivided according to Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale (KL) into (Group I): including patients with KL grade < 3 and (Group II): including patients with KL grade ≥3. Patients were asked to complete the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) Score. PRP was prepared and injected immediately into the affected knee. Serum Coll2-1 (S.Coll2-1) concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit pre and 3 months after PRP injection. RESULTS Significant reduction in S.Coll2-1 concentration in primary knee OA patients; (p<0.001) and (p<0.05) in group I and group II respectively as well as significant improvements in WOMAC total and WOMAC sub-scores values were noted after single intra-articular PRP injection with maximal functional improvements were achieved after 3 months (p<0.001). Mild cases experienced favorable results with no remarkable adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION Reduction in specific OA biomarker S.Coll2-1 following intra-articular PRP injection emphasize that PRP could be a promising safe and tolerable effective therapeutic option which improves function from basal states in primary knee OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mohamed Fawzy
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation & Physical Medicine, Benha University School of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Ismail Hashaad
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation & Physical Medicine, Benha University School of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
| | - Amira Ibrahim Mansour
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Benha University School of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
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Mirza MH, Bommala P, Richbourg HA, Rademacher N, Kearney MT, Lopez MJ. Gait Changes Vary among Horses with Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis Following Intra-articular Administration of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:29. [PMID: 27148544 PMCID: PMC4829588 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms to reduce lameness associated with osteoarthritis (OA) are vital to equine health and performance. This study was designed to quantify response to autologous, intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in horses with OA. Kinetic gait analysis was performed on 12 horses with unilateral forelimb lameness and OA in the same limb before and after intra-articular anesthesia (IAA). Radiographs and kinetic data were obtained before and 6 and 16 weeks after PRP administration to same joint, 4 weeks after IAA. Statistical evaluations included filtration effect on platelet concentration, relationship between kinetic variable changes after IAA versus PRP in the affected limb, and associations between response to PRP and response to IAA, platelet concentration, and radiographic OA. A positive response to IAA or PRP was defined as ≥5% improvement in peak vertical force, vertical impulse, or breaking impulse of the affected limb. Out of 10 horses that responded to IAA, 3 responded to PRP at both time points and 4 responded at one. Of the two horses that did not respond to IAA, one responded to PRP at both time points. Filtration increased platelet concentration significantly. The relationship between kinetic variable alterations of the affected limb after IAA and PRP was not significant, and response to PRP was not associated with response to IAA, platelet concentration, or radiographic OA. Changes in kinetic variables following IAA in joints with naturally occurring OA provide a custom standard to assess intra-articular therapy. Kinetic gait changes after intra-articular PRP are variable in horses with moderate to severe forelimb OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustajab H Mirza
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA
| | - Prakash Bommala
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA
| | - Heather A Richbourg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA
| | - Nathalie Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA
| | - Michael T Kearney
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA
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Turło A, Cywińska A, Czopowicz M, Witkowski L, Niedźwiedź A, Słowikowska M, Borowicz H, Jaśkiewicz A, Winnicka A. The Effect of Different Types of Musculoskeletal Injuries on Blood Concentration of Serum Amyloid A in Thoroughbred Racehorses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140673. [PMID: 26466121 PMCID: PMC4605491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training-induced muscle, skeletal and joint trauma may result in acute phase response reflected by the changes in the blood concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) in racehorses. It remains yet unclear if such systemic reaction could be triggered by sport injuries and what is the impact of different types of musculoskeletal trauma on SAA concentrations in racehorses. This study aimed to determine changes in the SAA blood concentration in racehorses with different types of injuries of musculoskeletal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 28 racehorses diagnosed after the race with bone fractures (n = 7), dorsal metacarpal disease (n = 11), joint trauma (n = 4) or tendon and muscle trauma (n = 6) and 28 healthy control racehorses. Serum samples were collected twice, between 1 and 4 days of the injury or succesful completion of the race. SAA concentration was measured using the commercial ELISA kit. Differences between mean SAA concentration in respective groups were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS Mean SAA concentration within the first 4 days of the injury of muscle and tendon was significantly higher than in bone fractures, dorsal metacarpal disease, joint trauma or in the healthy horses (p<0,001). There were no significant differences between the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Strain injuries of muscle and tendons can cause a moderate increase in SAA blood concentration in racehorses, reflecting the occurrence of the acute phase response. Similar reaction is not observed in the stress-related bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Turło
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucjan Witkowski
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Niedźwiedź
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Słowikowska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hieronim Borowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Analysis of a collagen II degradation protein C2C and a collagen II formation protein CP II in serum of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 46:146-9. [PMID: 25831589 DOI: 10.1638/2011-0072r3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a major cause of chronic lameness in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in captivity worldwide. Radiology and other imaging technologies are of limited use in the early diagnosis of this condition in elephants. Collagen II is a major component of articular cartilage. The degradation and formation of collagen II can be monitored by the measurement of specific biomarkers in biologic fluids such as serum. It is possible that these biomarkers could also prove useful in identifying disease in elephants. In this study two commercially available immunoassays which measure a marker of collagen II degradation (C2C) and a marker of collagen II formation (CPII) were evaluated in Asian elephants. The ability of the assays to detect and measure C2C and CPII in the serum of Asian elephants was confirmed. Median serum concentration of C2C was 148 ng/L in nonlame elephants (n=33) and 91.2 ng/L in lame elephants (n=7). The difference was statistically significant (P=0.0002). Median serum concentration of CPII was 519.3 ng/L in nonlame elephants and 318.7 ng/L in lame elephants. The difference was also statistically significant (P=0.039). Whereas CPII concentrations in lame elephants mirrored findings from human and animal osteoarthritis studies, C2C concentrations did not. Further studies which evaluate these and other similar biomarkers are necessary to elucidate their usefulness in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis in proboscidae.
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13
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Olive J, Lambert N, Bubeck KA, Beauchamp G, Laverty S. Comparison between palpation and ultrasonography for evaluation of experimentally induced effusion in the distal interphalangeal joint of horses. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:34-40. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Radiographic findings of juvenile osteochondral conditions detected in 392 foals using a field radiographic protocol. Vet J 2013; 197:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Lygren T, Schjerling P, Jacobsen S, Berg LC, Nielsen MO, Langberg H, Thomsen PD. Validation of the IDS Octeia ELISA for the determination of insulin-like growth factor 1 in equine serum and tendon tissue extracts. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:184-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tone Lygren
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV; Denmark
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Production Animals and Horses; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Taastrup; Denmark
| | - Lise C. Berg
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Denmark
| | - Mette O. Nielsen
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Denmark
| | - Henning Langberg
- Institute of Sports Medicine; Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV; Denmark
| | - Preben D. Thomsen
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg; Denmark
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16
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Verwilghen DR, Janssens S, Busoni V, Pille F, Johnston C, Serteyn D. Do developmental orthopaedic disorders influence future jumping performances in Warmblood stallions? Equine Vet J 2013; 45:578-81. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Verwilghen
- Equine Clinic; Department of Companion Animals and Equids; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - S. Janssens
- Department of Biosystems; Livestock Genetics; Leuven Belgium
| | - V. Busoni
- Medical Imaging; Department of Companion Animals and Equids; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - F. Pille
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - C. Johnston
- Equine Clinic; University Animal Hospital; University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - D. Serteyn
- Equine Clinic; Department of Companion Animals and Equids; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liege; Liege Belgium
- European Centre of the Horse of Mont le Soie; Mont le Soie Belgium
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17
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Verwilghen DR, Enzerink E, Martens A, Franck T, Balligand M, Henrotin Y, Detilleux J, Serteyn D. Relationship between arthroscopic joint evaluation and the levels of Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO(2), and myeloperoxidase in the blood and synovial fluid of horses affected with osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1323-9. [PMID: 21884810 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the levels of plasmatic and synovial Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO(2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in horses with osteochondral lesions of the tarsocrural joint and to investigate how these levels relate to arthroscopic findings of inflammation and degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood and synovial fluid samples were collected from 63 horses presented for arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments in the tarsocrural joint. Prior to removal of the osteochondral fragment, an exploration of the joint was performed and an inflammatory and degenerative score was determined. The blood and synovial levels of Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO(2) and MPO were also measured. The effects of the arthroscopic evaluation (inflammatory and degenerative classes) on the blood and synovial markers were evaluated using a linear model (GLM procedure), and correlations between biochemical markers in the blood and synovial fluid and the arthroscopic evaluation (inflammatory and degenerative classes) were established (Pearson's correlations). RESULTS Significantly higher levels of Coll2-1 were detected in synovial fluid of higher degenerative classes. There was a significant correlation between the degenerative score and the synovial levels of Coll2-1 (r=0.27). According to the logistic regression model, there was a significant effect of the degenerative class on synovial levels of Coll2-1. CONCLUSIONS Coll2-1 correlates well with the degenerative state of tarsocrural joints as evaluated by arthroscopy. This marker can therefore be classified as a burden-of-disease marker in the assessment of joint disease in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Verwilghen
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liege, Sart-Tilman B41, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
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18
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Verwilghen DR, Martens A, Busschers E, Franck T, Deberg M, Henrotin Y, Vanderheyden L, Serteyn D. Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO2 and myeloperoxidase concentrations in the synovial fluid of equine tarsocrural joints affected with osteochondrosis. Vet Res Commun 2011; 35:401-8. [PMID: 21681550 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of biomarkers that reflect cartilage breakdown is a powerful tool for investigating joint damage caused by disease or injury. Particularly in cases of osteochondrosis, synovial concentrations of these biomarkers may reveal the presence of osteoarthritic changes. Coll2-1, Coll2-1 NO2 and myeloperoxidase have recently been introduced in equine osteoarticular research but comparison between the concentrations of these markers in OCD affected and healthy joints has not been made. Therefore, this study aimed at reporting the synovial concentrations of these biomarkers in joints affected with osteochondral fragments in the tarsocrural joint compared to unaffected joints. Myeloperoxidase and Coll2-1NO2 revealed to have similar levels between affected joints and controls. However, in contrast to previous studies using C2C the present study demonstrated that synovial levels of Coll2-1 were significantly elevated in tarsocrural joints affected with osteochondrosis. Thus, Coll2-1 may be an earlier marker of cartilage degeneration than other cartilage degradation markers that have been previously used in equine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis R Verwilghen
- Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Liege, Sart-Tilman B41, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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RABBA SILVIA, BOLEN GÉRALDINE, VERWILGHEN DENIS, SALCICCIA ALEXANDRA, BUSONI VALERIA. ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN HORSES WITH FOOT PAIN BUT WITHOUT RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETECTABLE OSSEOUS ABNORMALITIES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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