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Mramba RP, Mohamed MA. The prevalence and factors associated with mastitis in dairy cows kept by small-scale farmers in Dodoma, Tanzania. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34122. [PMID: 39055811 PMCID: PMC11269900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is among the major diseases of economic importance in the dairy industry worldwide. Hygienic conditions during milking and housing are important determinants of mastitis infections. However, arid and semi-arid areas have a scarcity of water, which is an essential component of cleanliness. Thus, the study determined the prevalence of mastitis and associated factors in Dodoma, a semi-arid region in Tanzania. Three hundred and sixty-eight lactating cows were selected randomly from 114 farms in the Dodoma urban district for mastitis determination based on clinical signs and the California Mastitis Test. About 59.8 % of the cows had mastitis, and the subclinical type dominated. Factors associated with mastitis prevalence were cleanliness (hand and udder washing before milking), farmers' awareness of mastitis, the cow's parity and lactation stage, and herd size. Milk yield was not associated with the mastitis status of the cow but was related to the breed of the cow, whether warm or cold water was used to wash the cow's udder, parity, and lactation stage. Improvement in education on the importance of hygiene is necessary, as 38.6 % of the farmers were unaware of mastitis. Further detailed studies on microbiology, such as bacteriologic culture and polymerase chain reaction, are recommended to formulate interventions.
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Effect of Streptococcus uberis on Gamma Delta T Cell Phenotype in Bovine Mammary Gland. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123594. [PMID: 34944369 PMCID: PMC8697912 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) is still an important problem for dairy farmers. This disease causes great financial losses across the world. The common method of treating mastitis is through the use of antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment should be minimized because of increasing antibiotic resistance. Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is one of the most important pathogens that causes bovine mastitis. This bacterium is able to hide and survive inside of epithelial cells. In this situation, antibiotic treatment is not efficient. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pathogenesis of mastitis that is caused by S. uberis to better understand how to treat this disease. In this study, we investigated a special type of lymphocytes—γδ T cells. The results of our study show that those cells may play a role in terminating inflammation in the mammary glands of cattle. Abstract In this study, we focused analyzing γδ T cells during bovine mammary gland inflammation induced by Streptococcus uberis. A mammary gland cell suspension was obtained using lavage 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after intramammary-induced infection. The proportion of lymphocytes increased during the entire week in which inflammation was present. The γδ T cells were also elevated during inflammation, reaching their peak at 72 h following induced inflammation. The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes continually increased, with the highest proportion occurring 168 h after S. uberis infection. The results show that γδ T cells may be involved in the resolution of inflammation in bovine mammary glands, with the apoptosis of those cells potentially playing an important role.
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Zustakova M, Kratochvilova L, Slama P. Apoptosis of Eosinophil Granulocytes. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120457. [PMID: 33321726 PMCID: PMC7763668 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Eosinophil granulocytes (eosinophils) belong to the family of white blood cells that play important roles in the development of asthma and various types of allergy. Eosinophils are cells with a diameter of 12–17 µm and they originate from myeloid precursors. They were discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1879 in the process of staining fixed blood smears with aniline dyes. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is the process by which cells lose their functionality. Therefore, it is very important to study the apoptosis of eosinophils and their survival factors to understand how to develop new drugs based on the modulation of eosinophil apoptosis for the treatment of asthma and allergic diseases. Abstract In the past 10 years, the number of people in the Czech Republic with allergies has doubled to over three million. Allergic pollen catarrh, constitutional dermatitis and asthma are the allergic disorders most often diagnosed. Genuine food allergies today affect 6–8% of nursing infants, 3–5% of small children, and 2–4% of adults. These disorders are connected with eosinophil granulocytes and their apoptosis. Eosinophil granulocytes are postmitotic leukocytes containing a number of histotoxic substances that contribute to the initiation and continuation of allergic inflammatory reactions. Eosinophilia results from the disruption of the standard half-life of eosinophils by the expression of mechanisms that block the apoptosis of eosinophils, leading to the development of chronic inflammation. Glucocorticoids are used as a strong acting anti-inflammatory medicine in the treatment of hypereosinophilia. The removal of eosinophils by the mechanism of apoptosis is the effect of this process. This work sums up the contemporary knowledge concerning the apoptosis of eosinophils, its role in the aforementioned disorders, and the indications for the use of glucocorticoids in their related therapies.
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Slama P, Kabourkova E, Sladek Z, Zavadilova T, Kratochvilova L, Kharkevich K, Roychoudhury S, Pavlik A, Roztocilova A, Uhrincat M, Tancin V, Kimura K, Konecny R, Kiku Y, Watanabe A, Kwak JY, Zouharova M. Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Muramyl Dipeptide on Apoptosis of Bovine Mammary Gland Lymphocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060990. [PMID: 32517153 PMCID: PMC7341217 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cattle is a global problem and causes huge financial loss to dairy farmers. Inflammation is caused by many species of bacteria penetrating through the teat canals into the udder. Those bacteria are usually eliminated by treatment with intramammary injection of antibiotics, while they are also eliminated by the immune cells of the cow. One of the immune cells are lymphocytes which are responsible for specific immunity. When viable, they are able to carry out their normal functions. The present study focused on the investigation of cell death of lymphocytes during bovine mammary gland inflammation. We analyzed apoptosis in mammary gland lymphocytes under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharides and muramyl dipeptide as the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria and the natural content of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. We found that they induce lymphocyte apoptosis in the early phase of inflammation, which can be associated with the expression of CD44 receptors on lymphocytes. This receptor is important in many physiological processes, including apoptosis of cells. For a better understanding of immune responses in mammary glands and for developing of immunotherapy without antibiotics, the process of inflammation, including cell death of immune cells necessitates further holistic studies. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether apoptosis of lymphocytes is modulated by stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Cell populations were obtained by lavaging of the mammary glands 24, 48, 72, and 168 h following intramammary induced inflammation. The portion of apoptotic lymphocytes peaked at 48 h after treatment with LPS or MDP. The analysis of CD44 expression of the same cell populations showed a higher percentage of CD44-positive lymphocytes 24- and 48-h following induction of inflammation by LPS or MDP. The results demonstrate that during both experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with LPS or MDP, apoptosis of lymphocytes was induced in the initial phase of the inflammatory response and CD44 was also overexpressed at the beginning of inflammation. These data suggest a connection of lymphocyte apoptosis with the expression of CD44 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eliska Kabourkova
- Department of Animal Origin Food and Gastronomic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zbysek Sladek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Terezie Zavadilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucie Kratochvilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Kristina Kharkevich
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Ales Pavlik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Roztocilova
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Uhrincat
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Tancin
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan;
| | - Roman Konecny
- Department of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Studentska 1668, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Yoshio Kiku
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Sacco SC, Velázquez NS, Renna MS, Beccaria C, Baravalle C, Pereyra EAL, Monecke S, Calvinho LF, Dallard BE. Capacity of two Staphylococcus aureus strains with different adaptation genotypes to persist and induce damage in bovine mammary epithelial cells and to activate macrophages. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104017. [PMID: 32006636 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the ability to adhere/internalize, persist, and induce damage in mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) of two Staphylococcus aureus strains with different adaptation genotypes (low and high) to the bovine mammary gland (MG). Also, the phagocytic and bactericidal capacity induced after the interaction between macrophages, isolated from mammary secretion, of both S. aureus strains was evaluated. Two isolates (designated 806 and 5011) from bovine intramammary infection (IMI) harboring genes involved in adherence and biofilm production, belonging to different capsular polysaccharide (CP) type, accessory gene regulator (agr) group, pulsotype (PT) and sequence type/clonal complex (ST/CC). Strains 806 and 5011 were associated with low (nonpersistent-NP) and high (persistent-P) adaptation to the MG, respectively. Strain 5011 (P), agr group I, cap8 positive and strong biofilm producer showed higher capacity to adhere/internalize in MAC-T compared with strain 806 (NP), characterized as agr group II, cap5 positive and weak biofilm producer. Strain 5011(P) could be recovered from MAC-T lysates up to 72 h pi; while strain 806 (NP) could be recovered only at 4 h pi. Strain 5011 (P) showed greater capacity to induce apoptosis compared with strain 806 (NP) at 4, 24 and 48 h pi. Macrophages infected with strain 5011 (P) showed a greater phagocytic capacity and higher percentage of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than strain 806 (NP). No viable bacteria were isolated from macrophages lysates stimulated with any of the S. aureus strains at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h pi. The knowledge of the molecular profile of the S. aureus strains causing bovine mastitis in a herd could become a tool to expose the most prevalent virulence gene patterns and advance in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of chronic mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía C Sacco
- Laboratorio de Biología Cellular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biología Cellular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María S Renna
- Laboratorio de Biología Cellular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Camila Beccaria
- Laboratorio de Biología Cellular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Celina Baravalle
- Laboratorio de Biología Cellular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elizabet A L Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Biología Cellular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
| | - Luis F Calvinho
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), C.C. 22 (2300) Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bibiana E Dallard
- Laboratorio de Biología Cellular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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6
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Siebert L, Staton ME, Headrick S, Lewis M, Gillespie B, Young C, Almeida RA, Oliver SP, Pighetti GM. Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with milk leukocyte phenotypes following experimental challenge with Streptococcus uberis. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:553-562. [PMID: 29862454 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is a detrimental disease in the dairy industry that decreases milk quality and costs upwards of $2 billion annually. Often, mastitis results from bacteria entering the gland through the teat opening. Streptococcus uberis is responsible for a high percentage of subclinical and clinical mastitis. Following an intramammary experimental challenge with S. uberis on Holstein cows (n = 40), milk samples were collected and somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined by the Dairy Herd Improvement Association Laboratory. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have utilized test day SCC or SCC lactation averages to identify loci of interest. Our approach utilizes SCC collected following a S. uberis experimental challenge to generate three novel phenotypes: (1) area under the curve (AUC) of SCC for 0-7 days and (2) 0-28 days post-challenge; and (3) when SCC returned to below 200,000 cells/mL post-challenge (< 21 days, 21-28 days, or > 28 days). Polymorphisms were identified using Illumina's BovineSNP50 v2 DNA BeadChip. Associations were tested using Plink software and identified 16 significant (p < 1.0 × 10-4) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the phenotypes. Most significant SNPs were in genes linked to cell signaling, migration, and apoptosis. Several have been recognized in relation to infectious processes (ATF7, SGK1, and PACRG), but others less so (TRIO, GLRA1, CELSR2, TIAM2, CPE). Further investigation of these genes and their roles in inflammation (e.g., SCC) can provide potential targets that influence resolution of mammary gland infection. Likewise, further investigation of the identified SNP with mastitis and other disease phenotypes can provide greater insight to the potential of these SNP as genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Siebert
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Margaret E Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Susan Headrick
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Mark Lewis
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Barbara Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Charles Young
- Zoetis, 100 Campus Drive, Florham Park, NJ, 07932, USA
| | - Raul A Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Stephen P Oliver
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,AgResearch, The University of Tennessee, 2621 Morgan Circle, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gina M Pighetti
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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7
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Proliferation-apoptosis balance inStaphylococcus aureuschronically infected bovine mammary glands during involution. J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:181-189. [DOI: 10.1017/s002202991700005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whetherStaphylococcus aureuschronic intramammary infection (IMI) influences expression of proteins related to regulation of proliferation and apoptosis processes and proliferation/apoptosis index during active involution in bovine mammary gland. Twenty-one Holstein non-pregnant cows in late lactation either uninfected or with chronic naturally acquiredS. aureusIMI were included in this study. Cows were slaughtered at 7, 14 and 21 d after cessation of milking and samples for immunohistochemical analysis were taken. Protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and active caspase-3 in mammary tissue was significantly affected by chronicS. aureusIMI, all showing increased immunoexpression inS. aureus-infected quarters at all involution stages. The percentage of apoptotic cells was increased by IMI in both mammary parenchyma and stroma, and the percentage of parenchymal and stromal cell proliferation was also increased. The proliferation/apoptosis ratio was significantly increased by IMI only in stromal cells. This imbalance to favour proliferation inS. aureus-infected mammary quarters could be one of the underlying causes that induce aberrant involution with permanence of nonsecretory tissue and increase of stromal components.
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8
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Hu Q, Cui X, Tao L, Xiu L, Wang T, Wang X. Staphylococcus aureusInduces Apoptosis in Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Through Fas-FADD Death Receptor-Linked Caspase-8 Signaling. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:388-97. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
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9
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Kong F, Luan Y, Zhang ZH, Cheng GH, Qi TG, Sun C. Baicalin protects the myocardium from reperfusion-induced damage in isolated rat hearts via the antioxidant and paracrine effect. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:254-259. [PMID: 24348801 PMCID: PMC3861453 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of baicalin (BA) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were rapidly removed, mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution at 37°C to establish the isolated I/R injury model. All animals (n=50) were randomly divided into five groups (n=10 in each): I, normal control; II, I/R; III, I/R plus 20 mg/kg BA; IV, I/R plus 40 mg/kg BA; and V, I/R plus 80 mg/kg BA. The degree of heart injury caused by the I/R was assessed by evaluating left ventricular function and by detecting the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in the coronary effluent and the myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the isolated rat hearts. Myocardial infarct size and vascular density were assessed using histology and immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were determined using flow cytometry (FCM). Compared with group II, the BA groups demonstrated improved left ventricular function, reduced CK and LDH release in the coronary effluent and increased SOD and MDA activity (P<0.05). Furthermore, histology and immunohistochemistry results showed that the infarct size was reduced and vessel density was augmented in the BA groups (P<0.01) compared with group II. The FCM results indicated that apoptosis was significantly lower in the BA groups than in group II (P<0.05) and that the protective effect was dose-dependent. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that BA exerts a dose-dependent protective effect on I/R injury in isolated rat hearts, the mechanisms of which may be associated with antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first evaluation of the efficacy of BA in isolated rat hearts using histology and immunohistochemistry, providing a foundation for the use of BA in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kong
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yun Luan
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Cheng
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Gang Qi
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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10
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Adhesive properties of predominant bacteria in raw cow’s milk to bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:515-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Denis M, Lacy-Hulbert SJ, Buddle BM, Williamson JH, Wedlock DN. Streptococcus uberis-specific T cells are present in mammary gland secretions of cows and can be activated to kill S. uberis. Vet Res Commun 2011; 35:145-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Staphylococcus aureus induces apoptosis of human monocytic U937 cells via NF-κB signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2010; 49:252-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sladek Z, Rysanek D. Apoptosis of resident and inflammatory macrophages before and during the inflammatory response of the virgin bovine mammary gland. Acta Vet Scand 2010; 52:12. [PMID: 20144206 PMCID: PMC2829577 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages may play a prominent role in defense of the bovine mammary gland, and their functionality is necessary for successful eradication of bacterial pathogens. In contrast to necrosis, however, apoptosis has not yet been studied in macrophages from bovine mammary glands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm the occurrence of apoptosis in macrophages from resting heifer mammary glands and during the inflammatory response. Methods Inflammatory response was induced by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Resident macrophages (RESMAC) were obtained before and inflammatory macrophages (INFMAC) 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after inducing inflammatory response in mammary glands of unbred heifers. Cell samples were analyzed for differential counts, apoptosis and necrosis using flow cytometry. Results Populations of RESMAC and INFMAC contained monocyte-like cells and vacuolized cells. Apoptosis was detected differentially in both morphologically different types of RESMAC and INFMAC and also during initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response. In the RESMAC population, approximately one-tenth of monocyte-like cells and one-third of vacuolized cells were apoptotic. In the INFMAC population obtained 24 h after PBS treatment, approximately one-tenth of monocyte-like cells and almost one-quarter of vacuolized cells were apoptotic. At the same time following LPS, however, we observed a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic cells in the population of monocyte-like INFMAC and vacuolized INFMAC. Moreover, a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in INFMAC was detected during all time points after PBS in contrast to LPS. Comparing RESMAC and INFMAC, we observed that vacuolized cells from populations of RESMAC and INFMAC underwent apoptosis more intensively than did monocyte-like cells. Conclusions We conclude that apoptosis of virgin mammary gland macrophages is involved in regulating their lifespan, and it is involved in the resolution process of the inflammatory response.
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