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Pauly LAM, Junginger J, Oechtering GU, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Rösch S. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, survivin, E-cadherin and Ki-67 in canine nasal carcinomas and sarcomas - a pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1388493. [PMID: 39268521 PMCID: PMC11391428 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1388493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant (intra-) nasal tumors (NTs) are the most common cause of chronic nasal discharge in dogs. Besides radiation therapy, palliative therapy is necessary in some dogs. Therefore, studies on receptor expression have supported the utility of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in dogs with nasal carcinomas. However, studies on receptor expression in nasal sarcomas are lacking. Materials and methods This study evaluated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2), Ki-67, survivin and E-cadherin in nasal carcinomas and sarcomas and compared it with tumor (T) categories based on computed tomography (CT). Results In 26 dogs with NTs, cross sectional imaging and upper airway endoscopy with guided biopsy collection were performed, followed by histopathological examination of NTs, revealing 19 epithelial and 7 mesenchymal tumors. While EGFR and E-cadherin were only expressed by carcinomas, the following markers were expressed by both carcinomas and sarcomas without significant differences between tumor types and T-categories: VEGFR-2 (carcinomas and sarcomas 100%), COX-2 (carcinomas 63%, sarcomas 57%), survivin (carcinomas 100%, sarcomas 86%) and Ki-67 (median expression of 28.5% in carcinomas and 17.3% in sarcomas). Conclusion Based on similarities in marker expression between canine carcinomas and sarcomas, clinical studies should further elucidate the use of TKI or COX-2 inhibitors as additional therapy in dogs with nasal sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljuba Anna Maria Pauly
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Small Animal Department, Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Junginger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ulrich Oechtering
- Small Animal Department, Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Rösch
- Small Animal Department, Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Lin Z, Zhang J, Chen Q, Zhang X, Zhang D, Lin J, Lin D. Transcriptome analysis of the adenoma-carcinoma sequences identifies novel biomarkers associated with development of canine colorectal cancer. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1192525. [PMID: 38098990 PMCID: PMC10720982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1192525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of adenoma-to-cancer transformation in human colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely accepted. However, the relationship between transcriptome features and adenoma to carcinoma transformation in canines is not clear. We collected transcriptome data from 8 normal colon tissues, 4 adenoma tissues, and 15 cancer tissues. Differential analysis was unable to determine the dynamic changes of genes but revealed that PFKFB3 may play a key role in this process. Enrichment analysis explained metabolic dysregulation, immunosuppression, and typical cancer pathways in canine colorectal tumors. MFuzz generated specific dynamic expression patterns of five differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted correlation network analysis showed that DEGs in cluster 3 were associated with malignant tissues, revealing the key role of inflammatory and immune pathways in canine CRC, and the S100A protein family was also found to be involved in the malignant transformation of canine colorectal tumors. By comparing strategies between humans and dogs, we found five novel markers that may be drivers of CRC. Among them, GTBP4 showed excellent diagnostic and prognostic ability. This study was the first systematic exploration of transformation in canine CRC, complemented the molecular characteristics of the development and progression of canine CRC, and provided new potential biomarkers and comparative oncologic evidence for biomarker studies in human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiatong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Degui Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Méric T, Issard J, Maufras T, Hugonnard M, Senecat O, Lecoindre A, Leal RO, Bertolani C, Toulza O, Lecoindre P, Brisebard E, Ledevin M, Larcher T, Drut A, Darnis E, Hernandez J. Recurrence and survival in dogs with excised colorectal polyps: A retrospective study of 58 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2375-2384. [PMID: 37772917 PMCID: PMC10658478 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to humans, colorectal polyps are relatively rare in dogs. Epidemiological and prognostic data remain accordingly sparse, although they could help veterinary clinicians in the management of these cases. OBJECTIVES To report the epidemiological data of dogs with colorectal polyps and identify factors associated with recurrence and survival. ANIMALS Fifty-eight client-owned dogs with colorectal polyps admitted to 7 veterinary hospitals (53 dogs from France, 5 dogs from Spain, and 4 dogs from Portugal) were included. METHODS Retrospective multicentric cohort study. Medical records and long-term outcome of the dogs were reviewed. When available, histological samples were reassessed by 2 board-certified pathologists according to the revised Vienna classification (RVC). RESULTS The West Highland White Terrier (WHWT) breed was significantly associated with the presence of colorectal polyps (OR: 20; 95% CI: 7.5-52; P < .001). The overall median time to recurrence was not reached after 2000 days. The overall estimated median survival time was 1640 days. WHWT breed and larger polyps were significantly associated with a shorter time of polyp recurrence after surgical removal (respectively, P = .05 and P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The probability of recurrence of colorectal polyps in dogs is low, but increased in WHWTs and larger polyps, which might benefit from routine screening after removal. No effective predictors of polyp recurrence and survival were identified using the RVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Méric
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | - Julien Issard
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | | | - Marine Hugonnard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire VetAgro SupUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Odile Senecat
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | | | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health/Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Lisbon; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalSLisbonPortugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amandine Drut
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | | | - Juan Hernandez
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Université de NantesNantesFrance
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4
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E-cadherin Expression in Canine Gastric Carcinomas: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040172. [PMID: 35448670 PMCID: PMC9027758 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) is a cell-adhesion molecule known for its tumor-invasion suppressor function. E-cad expression was examined immunohistochemically in a series of canine tissue samples, including normal gastric mucosa (NGM; n = 3), gastric carcinomas (GC; n = 33), adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM; n = 32), neoplastic emboli (n = 16) and metastatic lesions (n = 9). The relationship between E-cad expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. In NGM, epithelial cells showed strong latero-lateral membranous expression of E-cad, and this pattern was considered normal. The membranous staining was preserved in all specimens of NNM (100%), whereas abnormal E-cad expression was found in 87.9% of the GCs. A marked difference in E-cad expression was observed between normal and malignant tissues (p < 0.0002). Abnormal E-cad expression was significantly more frequent in poorly/undifferentiated carcinomas (96%) and diffuse (95%) and indeterminate carcinomas (100%) than in well-differentiated/intestinal ones (62.5%; p = 0.0115 and p = 0.0392, respectively). There was significant association between abnormal E-cad expression and the depth of invasion (p = 0.0117), and the presence neoplastic emboli (p = 0.0194). No statistically significant differences in E-cad expression were observed concerning tumor location, histological type according to WHO classification, and presence of metastatic lesions. Therefore, deregulation of E-cad expression may play a role in canine gastric carcinogenesis and in tumor progression; moreover, it might be a prognostic tool for canine gastric cancer.
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5
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Herstad KMV, Gunnes G, Rørtveit R, Kolbjørnsen Ø, Tran L, Skancke E. Immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, Ki67, CD3 and CD18 in canine colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:119. [PMID: 33712002 PMCID: PMC7953700 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is believed to influence human colorectal carcinogenesis and may have an impact on prognosis and survival. The mucosal immunophenotype in dogs with colorectal cancer is poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) are different in normal colonic tissue vs benign stages (adenomas) and malignant stages (adenocarcinomas) of canine colorectal carcinogenesis, and thus, whether they can be considered as prognostic factors in dogs. This retrospective case-control study was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from dogs with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma (n = 18) and adenocarcinoma (n = 13) collected from archived samples. The samples had been collected by colonoscopy, surgery or during postmortem examination. Healthy colonic tissue obtained post mortem from dogs euthanized for reasons not involving the gastrointestinal tract served as control tissue (n = 9). Results The tumor samples had significantly lower numbers of CD3+ T-cells in the epithelium compared to controls (adenocarcinoma vs control, Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004, and adenoma vs control, p = 0.002). Adenomas had a significantly lower number of CD18+ cells in the lamina propria, compared to control samples (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.008). Colonic samples from control dogs had uniform staining of β-catenin along the cell membrane of epithelial cells. Compared to normal colonic cells, the expression levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in adenomas and adenocarcinomas (adenoma vs control Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.004, and adenocarcinoma vs control, p = 0.002). None of the control samples showed positive staining of β-catenin in the nucleus of colonic cells. In contrast, adenocarcinomas and adenomas showed moderate to strong staining of the cell nucleus. The nuclear β-catenin expression (signal strength and distribution) was significantly higher in adenomas compared to adenocarcinomas (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusions β-catenin and Ki67 were not useful markers for demonstrating tumor progression from adenomas to adenocarcinomas. The lower presence of CD18 and CD3+ cells in colorectal tumors compared to controls indicates a reduced presence of histiocytes and T-cells, which may have implications for the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer in dogs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02829-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M V Herstad
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Runa Rørtveit
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvor Kolbjørnsen
- Department of Animal Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Section for Biohazard and Pathology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Animal Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Section for Biohazard and Pathology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Skancke
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
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Yuki M, Shimada R, Omachi T. Primary Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ileum in a Dog. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040155. [PMID: 33066608 PMCID: PMC7712115 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old male, castrated Chihuahua was examined because of a 7-day history of intermittent vomiting. A mass in the small intestine was identified on abdominal radiography and ultrasonography. Laparotomy revealed a mass lesion originating in the ileum, and surgical resection was performed. The mass was histologically diagnosed as adenosquamous cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy with carboplatin was initiated, but the dog was suspected to have experienced recurrence 13 months after surgery and died 3 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe the clinical course of adenosquamous cell carcinoma in the small intestine of a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yuki
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0021, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roka Shimada
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0021, Japan;
| | - Tetsuo Omachi
- Patho Labo, 9-400 Oomurokougen, Ito, Shizuoka 413-0235, Japan;
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7
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Saito T, Chambers JK, Nakashima K, Nibe K, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Immunohistochemical analysis of beta-catenin, E-cadherin and p53 in canine gastrointestinal epithelial tumors. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1277-1286. [PMID: 32655099 PMCID: PMC7538321 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, E-cadherin and p53 reportedly play important roles in the development and/or progression of human gastrointestinal cancer. The present study evaluated the roles of beta-catenin, E-cadherin and p53 in canine gastrointestinal tumors. Endoscopic biopsy or
surgically resected samples, a total of 131, including 38 gastric, 13 small intestinal and 80 large intestinal tumors, were obtained from 95 dogs. Those specimens were examined pathologically. Immunohistochemically, nuclear beta-catenin expression was found in 88% (42/48) of polypoid type
adenocarcinomas. Most cases of non-polypoid type adenocarcinomas lacked nuclear expression of beta-catenin with the exception of one case (6%, 1/17). Nuclear beta-catenin expression was not observed in signet ring cell carcinomas (0/15), mucinous adenocarcinomas (0/7) and undifferentiated
carcinomas (0/4). The findings indicate that nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is closely related to the development of polypoid type adenocarcinomas but not that of non-polypoid type malignant tumors. The immunoreactivity of E-cadherin for tumor cells tended to decline overall in most
of cases including benign tumors. Significant immunoreactivity for p53 was not found in 61% of tumors examined (80/131), including malignant tumors (63%, 57/91), while intense p53-immunoreactivity was rarely found in a few cases of malignant tumors (8%, 7/91). We could not conclude clearly
significant correlations between histopathological tumor types and immunohistochemical results of E-cadherin or p53. This paper indicates the importance of the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin for the tumorigenesis of canine intestinal polypoid type adenocarcinomas, especially in the
colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ko Nakashima
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center, 2-27-4 Nakatomi-minami, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0003, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0032, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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8
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da Rocha AA, Carvalheira J, Gärtner F. α-catenin, β-catenin and P-120-catenin immunoexpression in canine mammary tissues and their relationship with E-cadherin. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:197-202. [PMID: 32200159 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammary tumors represent the second most common neoplasia in the canine species, where more than 50% of the cases are classified as malignant. The histological classification is used as a prognostic tool. Cadherins and catenins are responsible for cell adhesion and are intrinsic connected with the process of metastasis. E-cadherin expression in canine mammary tissues have been extensively studied. However, the studies with catenins are still scarce in the canine species. This study evaluated 74 canine mammary tissues by assessing the expression of E-cadherin and α, β and P-120 catenin molecules using the immunohistochemistry technique and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Three patterns of expression were identified in this study: membranous, cytoplasmic and both (membranous and cytoplasmic). In benign tumors, more than 80% of the cases had preserved expression and in malignant tumors 20% of the cases had reduced expression. A correlation between E-cadherin and P-120-catenin expression was found as well as a significant relationship between the histological type and the expression of α-catenin in malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Alvarenga da Rocha
- Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio Carvalheira
- Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Research Centre for Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute of Biomedical Science Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; i3S, University of Porto, i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Asproni P, Ressel L, Millanta F, Vannozzi I, Poli A. Co-localization of PTEN and E-cadherin in canine mammary hyperplasias and benign and malignant mammary tumors. Res Vet Sci 2015; 103:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Lean FZX, Kontos S, Palmieri C. Expression of β-catenin and mesenchymal markers in canine prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:373-81. [PMID: 24529514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin is a nuclear signalling molecule that is associated with human prostatic neoplasia and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The present study evaluates immunohistochemically the expression of β-catenin and the mesenchymal markers vimentin, desmin, calponin and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in four normal canine prostates and prostate samples from 15 dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and six with prostatic carcinoma (PC). β-catenin was located on the membrane of normal epithelial cells, while the same marker had both cytoplasmic and membrane expression in hyperplastic cells and a nuclear redistribution in PC. Vimentin-positive luminal cells were observed in two of the 15 cases of BPH and in all PC samples, suggesting the conversion of neoplastic epithelial cells to a mesenchymal type. SMA was consistently negative in PC, but there was mild desmin and calponin immunoreactivity in these lesions. As in men, β-catenin is involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis, thus further validating the use of this animal model to study human prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z X Lean
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Kontos
- Hellenic Veterinary Laboratories S.A., 20th Km Leoforos Lavriou, 19002 Paiania Attikis, Greece
| | - C Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia.
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11
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He X, Chen Z, Jia M, Zhao X. Downregulated E-cadherin expression indicates worse prognosis in Asian patients with colorectal cancer: evidence from meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70858. [PMID: 23923027 PMCID: PMC3726621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in the progression and aggressiveness of colorectal carcinoma. E-cadherin is the best-characterized molecular marker of EMT, but its prognostic significance for patients with CRC remains inconclusive. METHODOLOGY Eligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Correlation between E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was also performed according to study location, number of patients, quality score of studies and cut-off value. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 27 studies comprising 4244 cases met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis suggested that downregulated E-cadherin expression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) of CRC (n = 2730 in 14 studies; HR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.63-3.17; Z = 4.83; P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis indicated that low E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with worse OS in Asian patients (n = 1054 in 9 studies; HR = 2.86, 95%CI: 2.13-3.7, Z = 7.11; P = 0.000) but not in European patients (n = 1552 in 4 studies; HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.95-1.35, Z = 1.39; P = 0.165). In addition, reduced E-cadherin expression indicated an unfavorable OS only when the cut off value of low E-cadherin expression was >50% (n = 512 in 4 studies; HR = 2.08, 95%CI 1.45-2.94, Z = 4.05; P = 0.000). Downregulated E-cadherin expression was greatly related with differentiation grade, Dukes' stages, lymphnode status and metastasis. The pooled OR was 0.36(95%CI: 0.19-0.7, Z = 3.03, P = 0.002), 0.34(95%CI: 0.21-0.55, Z = 6.61, P = 0.000), 0.49(95%CI: 0.32-0.74, Z = 3.02, P = 0.002) and 0.45(95%CI: 0.22-0.91, Z = 3.43, P = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that low or absent E-cadherin expression detected by immunohistochemistry served as a valuable prognostic factor of CRC. However, downregulated E-cadherin expression seemed to be associated with worse prognosis in Asian CRC patients but not in European CRC patients. Additionally, this meta-analysis suggested that the negative threshold of E-cadherin should be >50% when we detected its expression in the immunohistochemistry stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Youmans L, Taylor C, Shin E, Harrell A, Ellis AE, Séguin B, Ji X, Zhao S. Frequent alteration of the tumor suppressor gene APC in sporadic canine colorectal tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50813. [PMID: 23251390 PMCID: PMC3519478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic canine colorectal cancers (CRCs) should make excellent models for studying the corresponding human cancers. To molecularly characterize canine CRC, we investigated exonic sequence mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the best known tumor suppressor gene of human CRC, in 23 sporadic canine colorectal tumors, including 8 adenomas and 15 adenocarcinomas, via exon-resequencing analysis. As a comparison, we also performed the same sequencing analysis on 10 other genes, either located at human 5q22 (the same locus as APC) or 18q21 (also frequently altered in human CRC), or known to play a role in human carcinogenesis. We noted that APC was the most significantly mutated gene in both canine adenomas and adenocarcinomas among the 11 genes examined. Significantly, we detected large deletions of ≥10 bases, many clustered near the mutation cluster region, as well as single or two base deletions in ∼70% canine tumors of both subtypes. These observations indicate that like in the human, APC is also frequently altered in sporadic colorectal tumors in the dog and its alteration is an early event in canine colorectal tumorigenesis. Our study provides further evidence demonstrating the molecular similarity in pathogenesis between sporadic human and canine CRCs. This work, along with our previous copy number abnormality study, supports that sporadic canine CRCs are valid models of human CRCs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Youmans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Edwin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Adrienne Harrell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Angela E. Ellis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bernard Séguin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xinglai Ji
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zappulli V, De Cecco S, Trez D, Caliari D, Aresu L, Castagnaro M. Immunohistochemical Expression of E-Cadherin and β-Catenin in Feline Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:161-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cervantes-Arias A, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a fundamental mechanism underlying the cancer phenotype. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 11:169-84. [PMID: 22404947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involved in embryonic development, wound healing and carcinogenesis. During this process, epithelial cells lose their defining characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties: loss of cell-cell adhesion; increased motility and invasiveness; resistance to apoptosis and changes in cellular morphology. EMT has been implicated as a driver of metastasis and tumour invasion, as this process allows cells to detach from their niche and migrate through blood and lymphatic vessels to invade different organs. This transition involves a diverse range of transcription factors, including Twist, Snail and ZEB1, and downstream transcriptional targets, including E-cadherin, β-catenin, fibronectin and vimentin. Recent evidence indicates that cancer stem cells are required for metastatic tumours to become established at a distant site, and that cancer cells undergoing EMT may develop stem-cell characteristics as well as increased invasive potential. The role of EMT in cancer biology is newly emerging in the human field, and to date very little has been done in veterinary medicine. EMT may therefore be an important molecular determinant of tumour metastasis, and further understanding of this process may lead to novel drug targets to be exploited in both veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cervantes-Arias
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK.
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