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Guo M, Yuan C, Tao L, Cai Y, Zhang W. Life barcoded by DNA barcodes. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2022; 14:351-365. [PMID: 35991367 PMCID: PMC9377290 DOI: 10.1007/s12686-022-01291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The modern concept of DNA-based barcoding for cataloguing biodiversity was proposed in 2003 by first adopting an approximately 600 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene to compare via nucleotide alignments with known sequences from specimens previously identified by taxonomists. Other standardized regions meeting barcoding criteria then are also evolving as DNA barcodes for fast, reliable and inexpensive assessment of species composition across all forms of life, including animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. Consequently, global DNA barcoding campaigns have resulted in the formation of many online workbenches and databases, such as BOLD system, as barcode references, and facilitated the development of mini-barcodes and metabarcoding strategies as important extensions of barcode techniques. Here we intend to give an overview of the characteristics and features of these barcode markers and major reference libraries existing for barcoding the planet’s life, as well as to address the limitations and opportunities of DNA barcodes to an increasingly broader community of science and society.
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Costa L, Huerta B, Galán-Relaño Á, Gómez-Gascón L, Almeida A, Viegas I, Maldonado A. Utility assessment of an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of subclinical cases of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant flocks. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:796-803. [PMID: 32567811 PMCID: PMC7738729 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The actual prevalence of CLA (caseous lymphadenitis) in small ruminant flocks is underestimated in many countries, and because it is not a notifiable disease, it will continue to spread without data and information about its real economic impact. The difficulty in the accurate identification of the causative agent in internal subclinical cases allows the disease to spread within and between flocks. This research intends to assess the utility of an ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) test in the detection of internal subclinical cases of CLA in farms and to simultaneously add data on the seroprevalence of the disease in Portugal. Sera from 756 small ruminants, 70% sheep (528/756) and 30% goats (228/756) were screened for antibodies against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis using the ELISA technique based on a recombinant phospholipase D (ELITEST CLA # CK105A®). The animals showing internal lesions (n ꞊ 58) were sampled for the identification of the aetiological agent. In this investigation, the prevalence of CLA was 34% (258/756), with the ELISA test showing a low specificity (78%) and high sensitivity (100%). The proof was able to detect 57% (13/23) of subclinical cases of CLA confirmed by postmortem examination and conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The results also reveal that goats have a higher propensity for the disease, and dairy farms and non‐extensive production units appear to be more susceptible to CLA. This research clarifies an actual problem and pointed out the importance of CLA in small ruminant herds in Portugal. Finally seems to demonstrate that the ELISA test is a good diagnostic tool for use in CLA eradication programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Costa
- Department of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Belén Huerta
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lídia Gómez-Gascón
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Anabela Almeida
- Vetdiagnos, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Inês Viegas
- ICAAM - Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Advanced Research and Training, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Maldonado
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Isolation and molecular characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from sheep and goats in Mexico. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:304-309. [PMID: 29474828 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic bacteria of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis caused a chronic contagious infectious disease of the caseous lymphadenitis or pseudotuberculosis. Globally, isolates obtained from different injuries that affect sheep and goats, have been identified by fully or partially gene sequencing. However, in Mexico there is no complete study to identify by molecular and phylogenetic techniques the circulating isolates as well as its virulence factors. Therefore, in the present study we reported the identification of 57 isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis by bacteriological tests and the amplification of 16S rRNA, rpoB and pld genes, as well as, genes involved in virulence and pathogenicity: Fag A, Fag B, Fag C, Fag D and hsp60. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the partial sequence of the rpoB gene. Genes involved in virulence and pathogenicity were identified in the 98.2% of the isolates. Regarding the phylogenetic analysis, were identified the species and subspecies to which they belong of all the tested isolates. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization will allow to establish preventive and prophylactic measures aimed to the creation of effective immunogens against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
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Droppa-Almeida D, Vivas WLP, Silva KKO, Rezende AFS, Simionatto S, Meyer R, Lima-Verde IB, Delagostin O, Borsuk S, Padilha FF. Recombinant CP40 from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis confers protection in mice after challenge with a virulent strain. Vaccine 2016; 34:1091-6. [PMID: 26796140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) is a contagious, infectious, chronic disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which affects mainly sheep and goats. The clinical prevalence of CLA in Brazil is 30%, resulting in decreased milk production, weight loss, and unusable meat and leather. Prophylaxis is based on vaccination; however, current vaccinations do not offer effective protection against the infection, which makes the development of a new vaccine essential to control this disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Here, we developed a recombinant vaccine based on CP40 protein (rCP40) combined with an adjuvant (Freund's complete adjuvant or saponin) and evaluated its efficacy in a murine model of CLA. Female BALB/c mice were used in an immunization assay. KEY RESULTS rCP40 induced high levels of IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies. After challenge with a virulent strain of C. pseudotuberculosis C57 (10(4)CFU/mL), the levels of IgG2a and IgG2b were sustained, indicating a Th1 response. The groups immunized with rCP40 protein (GES and GEF groups) showed 100% protection and was statistically significant in the GES and GEF groups (p<0.037 and p<0.0952, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated the recombinant protein CP40 induced an specific immune response in mice that was able to afford protection after challenge, regardless the adjuvant used in the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Droppa-Almeida
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - Universidade Tiradentes, Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Wanessa L P Vivas
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - Universidade Tiradentes, Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Katharina Kelly O Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - Universidade Tiradentes, Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Andrea F S Rezende
- Centro de Biotecnologia - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, Km 12 - Cidade Universitária, Mato Grosso do Sul 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde - Universidade Federal da Bahia Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, Salvador, BA 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Isabel B Lima-Verde
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - Universidade Tiradentes, Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Odir Delagostin
- Centro de Biotecnologia - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Centro de Biotecnologia - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Francine F Padilha
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - Universidade Tiradentes, Avenida Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil.
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Potential immune of recombinant serine protease of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. BMC Proc 2014. [PMCID: PMC4210707 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-8-s4-p143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Comparison of two biochemical methods for identifying Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from sheep and goats. Vet J 2013; 196:552-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kumar J, Tripathi BN, Kumar R, Sonawane GG, Dixit SK. Rapid detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in clinical samples from sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 45:1429-35. [PMID: 23430660 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive bacterium is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic disease of sheep, goats and other warm blooded animals. In the present study, a total of 1,080 sheep reared under semi-intensive system on organized farms situated in the semi arid tropical region of Rajasthan, India, was clinically examined. Pus samples from superficial lymph nodes of 25 (2.31%) adult sheep showing clinical lesions similar to CLA were collected for laboratory analyses. On the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics 12 (48%) bacterial isolates from pus identified it as C. pseudotuberculosis. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting Putative oligopeptide/dipeptide ABC transporter, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) oxidoreductase coenzyme F420-dependent and proline iminopeptidase (PIP) genes of C. pseudotuberculosis was developed that showed 14 pus samples as positive. All C. pseudotuberculosis isolates were also found positive for these genes in the PCR. The specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by sequencing of the amplified products that showed 98-100% homology with published sequences available in the NCBI database. The present study shows the incidence of CLA as 2.31%, 1.1% and 1.29% based on clinical, bacterial culture and direct pus PCR assay, respectively. The PCR assay was rapid, specific and as significant as bacterial culture in detecting bacteria directly in the clinical pus samples. The PCR assay developed in the study can be applied for the diagnosis and control of CLA. Furthermore, the assay can also be applied to detect C. pseudotuberculosis in various clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumar
- Division of Animal Health, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Malpura, Rajasthan, 304501, India
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