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Bertassoli BM, Melo MM, Ocarino NM, Souza Félix IC, Araújo FR, Sena Reis AM, Leonel Alves EG, Gimeno EJ, Massone AR, Serakides R. Effect of the addition of different concentrations of Solanum glaucophyllum desf. extract on chondrocyte cultures from the growth cartilage of newborn rats. Toxicon 2023; 230:107158. [PMID: 37172829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Solanum glaucophyllum Desf. Is a calcinogenic plant responsible for enzootic calcinosis that affects ruminants and causes alterations in bone and cartilaginous tissues, among others. It is believed that changes in cartilage tissue, with reduced bone growth, are due to hypercalcitoninism, caused by excess vitamin D. However, we hypothesized that S. glaucophyllum Desf. Can act directly on chondrocytes and therefore, chondrocyte cultures from the epiphysis of the long bones of newborn rats were used as a model to elucidate the direct effects of S. glaucophyllum Desf. On bone growth. Plant samples were collected from Cañuelas, Argentina. An aliquot of the plant extract was used to quantify vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). The effects of the three concentrations of the plant extract were tested in cultures of chondrocytes extracted from the epiphyses of the long bones of 32 three-day-old Wistar rats. A control group (without extract treatment), and three groups treated with different concentrations of plant extract were formed: group 1 (100 μL/L); group 2 (1 mL/L), and group 3 (5 mL/L), containing respectively 1 × 10-9 M, 1 × 10-8 M, and 5 × 10-8 M of 1,25(OH)2D3. After 7, 14, and 21 days of culture, MTT assay for cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and quantification of the percentage of areas with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were performed. On day 7, all chondrocytes in group 3, that is, those with the highest concentration of plant extract, died. On days 14 and 21, groups 1 and 2 showed a significant reduction in chondrocyte viability compared to the control. At 7, 14, and 21 days, groups 1 and 2 showed significantly lower alkaline phosphatase activity than the control. On day 21, group 2 showed a significant reduction in areas with PAS + GAGs. There were no significant differences between the groups in the expression of gene transcripts for Sox9, Col2, ColX, and aggrecan. The S. glaucophyllum Desf. Extract directly affected growing rat chondrocytes by reducing viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and GAG synthesis without altering the expression of gene transcripts for Sox9, Col2, ColX, and aggrecan, which may be one of the mechanisms by which there is a reduction in bone growth in animals intoxicated by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Machado Bertassoli
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Melo
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Ocarino
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Rocha Araújo
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria Sena Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rogéria Serakides
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Bello A, Durojaye OA, Zhang HJ, Peebles ED. The effects of in ovo injected vitamin D 3 sources on the eggshell temperature and early posthatch performance of Ross 708 broilers ,. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1357-1362. [PMID: 32115025 PMCID: PMC7587651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of in ovo injected vitamin D3 source on eggshell temperature (ET) and performance of broilers through 14 D of age (doa) were investigated. Eggs from a 35-wk-old commercial Ross 708 broiler breeder flock were set in a single-stage incubator with 4 treatments representing each of 12 incubator tray levels (blocks). At 432 h of incubation (hoi), noninjected and diluent-injected (50 μL) groups were control treatment groups. Vitamin treatments in the commercial diluent were as follows: 2.4 μg of vitamin D3 (D3) or 25-hydroxylcholecalciferol (25OHD3). After injection, ET readings were recorded (435, 441, 453, 459, and 465 hoi) by infrared thermometry. Hatchability, hatchling BW, and percentage of male and female hatchlings were determined at 502 hoi. Equal numbers of male and female chicks were placed in each pen and grown out for 14 doa. On a per-pen basis, BW was recorded after hatching at day 7 and 14 doa, and BW gain, average daily BW gain, feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated between 0 to 14 doa. The ET of eggs significantly fluctuated during the postinjection time period; however, the type of vitamin D3 source injected did not affect ET. Nevertheless, the injection of 25OHD3 resulted in a lower late embryo mortality than the diluent and D3 injection treatments. In addition, birds that received 25OHD3 had a lower FI and FCR than birds in all other treatments. In conclusion, the in ovo injection of 25OHD3 has the potential to improve early posthatch broiler performance without affecting ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abolghsem Fatemi
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - Abiodun Bello
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5
| | | | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Edgar David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Kaunda JS, Zhang YJ. The Genus Solanum: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Biological Properties Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:77-137. [PMID: 30868423 PMCID: PMC6426945 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies. Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae, comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia, e.g., China, India and Japan. Many of them are economically significant species. Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identification of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, phenolic comopunds, coumarins, amongst other compounds. Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to different tumors as breast cancer (4T1 and EMT), colorectal cancer (HCT116, HT29, and SW480), and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines. The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids and phenols. This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018, fetched from SciFinder, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Wikipedia and Baidu, using "Solanum" and the species' names as search terms ("all fields").
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sakah Kaunda
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Odriozola ER, Rodríguez AM, Micheloud JF, Cantón GJ, Caffarena RD, Gimeno EJ, Bodega JJ, Gardey P, Iseas FB, Giannitti F. Enzootic calcinosis in horses grazing Solanum glaucophyllum in Argentina. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 30:286-289. [PMID: 29202673 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717746447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum glaucophyllum, a toxic plant known for its calcinogenic effects, causes enzootic calcinosis in ruminant and monogastric animals. We describe an outbreak of enzootic calcinosis that occurred in a herd of 110 horses grazing pastureland heavily contaminated with S. glaucophyllum in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Ten horses developed clinical signs, and 6 horses died. Clinical signs included abnormal gait (stiff-legged action, short strides), stiffness, thoracolumbar kyphosis, reluctance to move, wide stance, chronic weight loss, weakness, recumbency, and difficulty standing. Autopsy of 2 horses revealed severe mineralization of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, heart, and lungs, consistent with enzootic calcinosis. Although horses usually have very selective grazing behavior, under food restriction conditions, they can ingest the toxic plants and can develop the disease. Enzootic calcinosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses grazing S. glaucophyllum-invaded pasturelands with compatible clinical signs and lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto R Odriozola
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Alejandro M Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Juan F Micheloud
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Germán J Cantón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Rubén D Caffarena
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Eduardo J Gimeno
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - José J Bodega
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Pedro Gardey
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Fortunato B Iseas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce (Odriozola, Cantón), Argentina.,Rauch (Rodríguez), Argentina.,Salta (Micheloud), Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Caffarena, Giannitti).,Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Gimeno).,Veterinarian, Private Practice, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Bodega, Gardey, Iseas).,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
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Schlegel P, Guggisberg D, Gutzwiller A. Tolerance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 glycosides from Solanum glaucophyllum by the growing pig. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:119-124. [PMID: 28237727 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Solanum glaucophyllum leaves contain high levels of glycosidically bound 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, the most important vitamin D metabolite. The tolerance to this source was evaluated during six weeks with fifty weaned pigs fed increasing levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20μg 1,25(OH)2D3/kg diet). The diet contained, per kg, 9.7g Ca, 3.5g digestible P and 2000IU cholecalciferol. Ten additional pigs were fed a diet containing 1000IU cholecalciferol/kg, without 1,25(OH)2D3. Weekly plasma and final kidney, bone and urinary mineral contents, bone density and breaking strength served as indicators for possible adverse effects of the supplement. All animals grew well and remained clinically healthy. The measured parameters remained unchanged when 1000 replaced 2000IU cholecalciferol/kg and when 1,25(OH)2D3 was fed up to 10μg/kg. Twenty μg 1,25(OH)2D3 increased plasma Ca and decreased plasma P from the 2nd and the 4th experimental week onwards, respectively. Twenty μg 1,25(OH)2D3 increased final plasma Ca and 1,25(OH)2D3 and reduced final plasma P by respectively 19, 56 and 13%. Twenty μg 1,25(OH)2D3 also increased kidney Ca and urinary Ca by 43 and 69%, respectively, reduced bone breaking strength by 12% and tended to decrease bone ash by 3%. To conclude, 2000IU D3 was not beneficial compared to 1000IU cholecalciferol; up to 10μg 1,25(OH)2D3 per kg diet did not lead to observed adverse effects; 20μg 1,25(OH)2D3 altered the homeostatic regulation of Ca and P thus, may lead to first signs of possible adverse effects, such as soft tissue calcification.
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Plaul SE, Pastor R, Díaz AO, Barbeito CG. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of functional organization along theCorydoras paleatusintestine. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:140-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia E. Plaul
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP. La Plata; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Raquel Pastor
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNL. Esperanza; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Alcira O. Díaz
- Laboratorio de Histología e Histoquímica, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, UNdMP. Mar del Plata; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Claudio G. Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP. La Plata; Buenos Aires Argentina
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7
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Chiale MC, Montalti D, Flamini MA, Fernández P, Gimeno E, Barbeito CG. Histological and histochemical study of the uropygial gland of chimango caracara (Milvago chimango vieillot, 1816). Biotech Histochem 2015; 91:30-7. [PMID: 26472245 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1068953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uropygial glands of birds are sebaceous organs that contribute to the water-repellent properties of the feather coat. We studied the histological and histochemical characteristics of the uropygial gland of chimango caracara using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), Gomori´s trichrome, orcein, Gomori´s reticulin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB) and a variety of lectins. The gland is composed of two lobes and a papilla with 20 downy feathers. It is surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue that contains elastic, reticular and smooth muscle fibers. The papilla is delicate and has two excretory ducts. The gland mass relative to body mass was 0.143%. Both adenomer cells and their secretions were stained with Sudan IV, PAS and AB, and were positive for numerous lectins that indicated the presence of lipids and carbohydrates. Immunohistochemical techniques to detect PCNA confirmed cell proliferation in the basal stratum of the adenomer cells. The lipids and glycoconjugates secreted by the uropygial gland serve numerous functions including protection against microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chiale
- a Ornithology, Vertebrate Zoology Division, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b CONICET , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - D Montalti
- a Ornithology, Vertebrate Zoology Division, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b CONICET , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - M A Flamini
- c Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - P Fernández
- d Department of Pathology , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - E Gimeno
- b CONICET , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,d Department of Pathology , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - C G Barbeito
- b CONICET , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,c Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,d Department of Pathology , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata , La Plata, Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Zimmerman DR, Koszewski NJ, Hoy DA, Goff JP, Horst RL. Targeted delivery of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to colon tissue and identification of a major 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 glycoside from Solanumglaucophyllum plant leaves. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:318-25. [PMID: 25445916 PMCID: PMC4361337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leaves of the Solanum glaucophyllum (Sg) plant, indigenous to South America, have long been known for their calcinogenic toxicity in ruminant animals. It was determined the leaves contained glycosidic derivatives of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and liberation of the free hormone by rumen bacterial populations elicited a hypercalcemic response. Our interest in the leaves is predicated on the concept that the glycoside forms of 1,25D3 would target release of the active hormone in the lower gut of non-ruminant mammals. This would provide a means of delivering 1,25D3 directly to the colon, where the hormone has been shown to have beneficial effects in models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. We fed mice for 10 days with variable amounts of Sg leaf. Feeding 7-333μg leaf/day produced no changes in plasma Ca(2+) and 1,25D3 concentrations, and only at ≥1000μg leaf/day did these values become significantly elevated compared to controls. Gene expression studies from colon tissue indicated a linear relationship between the amount of leaf consumed and expression of the Cyp24a1 gene. In contrast, Cyp24a1 gene expression in the duodenums and ileums of these mice was unchanged compared to controls. One of the major 1,25D3-glycosides was isolated from leaves following extraction and purification by Sep-Pak cartridges and HPLC fractionation. Ultraviolet absorbance was consistent with modification of the 1-hydroxyl group, and positive ion ESI mass spectrometry indicated a diglycoside of 1,25D3. 2-Dimensional NMR analyses were carried out and established the C1 proton of the A-ring was interacting with a C1' sugar proton, while the C3 proton of the A-ring was linked with a second C1' sugar proton. The structure of the isolated compound is therefore consistent with a β-linked 1,3-diglycoside of 1,25D3. Thus, Sg leaf administered to mice at up to 333 ug/day can elicit colon-specific enhancement of Cyp24a1 gene expression without inducing hypercalcemia, and the 1,3-diglycoside is one of the major forms of 1,25D3 found in the leaf. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane R Zimmerman
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Nicholas J Koszewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Derrel A Hoy
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Jesse P Goff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ronald L Horst
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Garcia AFQM, Murakami AE, Duarte CRDA, Rojas ICO, Picoli KP, Puzotti MM. Use of vitamin d3 and its metabolites in broiler chicken feed on performance, bone parameters and meat quality. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:408-15. [PMID: 25049804 PMCID: PMC4093484 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to assess the use of different vitamin D metabolites in the feed of broiler chickens and the effects of the metabolites on performance, bone parameters and meat quality. A total of 952 one-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomised design, with four treatments, seven replicates and 34 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of four different sources of vitamin D included in the diet, D3, 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and 1α(OH)D3, providing 2000 and 1600 IU of vitamin D in the starter (1 to 21 d) and growth phases (22 to 42 d), respectively. Mean weight, feed:gain and weight gain throughout the rearing period were less in animals fed 1α(OH)D3 when compared with the other treatments (p<0.05). No significant differences were noted among the treatments (p>0.05) for various bone parameters. Meat colour differed among the treatments (p>0.05). All of the metabolites used in the diets, with the exception of 1α(OH)D3, can be used for broiler chickens without problems for performance and bone quality, however, some aspects of meat quality were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Eiko Murakami
- Animal Science Department, Maringá State University, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karla Paola Picoli
- Animal Science Department, Maringá State University, State of Paraná, Brazil
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10
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Márquez S, Galotta JM, Gálvez GA, Portiansky E, Barbeito CG. Presence of c-kit positive cells in fetal and adult bovine forestomachs. Biotech Histochem 2014; 89:591-601. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.919023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Abstract
Mice are commonly used as an experimental model to investigate the Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection. This model easily reproduces the disease, and the clinical signs are more or less similar to those observed in the horse, the natural host. During natural infection, the acute course of respiratory infection is mandatory for the development of adaptive immune response. Since interactions between EHV-1 and anesthetics are possible, the study investigated whether the early events of murine pulmonary immune response could be affected by different anesthetics. Therefore, mice were experimentally infected with a unique EHV-1 strain under the effects of ether, ketamine/xylazine, or isoflurane. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions in the lungs were described, and the cell death and proliferation rates of sham-inoculated or infected animals were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Clinical signs were more severe in animals anesthetized with ether. Qualitative differences in the recruited inflammatory cells were observed following application of anesthesia. The level of infection between the infected groups was not statistically significant. However, lungs from ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized animals showed the highest cell death rates, whereas those from isoflurane-anesthetized animals showed the highest proliferation rates. It has been emphasized that anesthetics alone or their interactions with EHV-1 modify the response against the infection. An appropriate selection of the anesthetic during experimental studies is relevant to minimize wrong conclusions.
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