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Pegu SR, Deb R, Das PJ, Sengar GS, Yadav AK, Rajkhowa S, Paul S, Gupta VK. Development of multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of African swine fever, porcine circo and porcine parvo viral infection from clinical samples. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1883-1890. [PMID: 35343866 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2053698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A diagnostic method for simultaneously detecting and distinguishing African Swine Fever (ASF), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in clinical specimens is critical for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and control in the field. Three primer pairs were designed and used to create a multiplex PCR assay. In addition, 356 porcine post mortem tissue samples from various parts of India's North Eastern region were tested by the developed multiplex PCR assay to demonstrate its accuracy. Using the designed primers, each of the ASF, PCV2 and PPV target genes was amplified, but no other porcine virus genes were detected. The assay's limit of detection was 102 copies/µl of PCV2, PPV, or ASFV. The detection of PCV2, PPV, and ASF in postmortem tissue samples revealed that they are co-circulating in India's North-Eastern region. The percentage positivity (PP) for PCV2, PPV and ASF single infection were 7.02% (25/356), 3.93% (14/356), and 3.37% (12/356), respectively, while the PP for PCV2& PPV co-infection was 2.80% (10/356), ASF & PCV2 co infection was 1.4% (5/356) and the ASF, PPV& PCV2 co-infection was1.40% (5/356). The results also indicate that the ASF can infect pigs alongside PCV and PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajib Deb
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
| | | | | | | | | | - Souvik Paul
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
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Uribe‐García HF, Suarez‐Mesa RA, Rondón‐Barragán IS. Survey of porcine circovirus type 2 and parvovirus in swine breeding herds of Colombia. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2451-2459. [PMID: 36137294 PMCID: PMC9677394 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the consequences of the presentation of reproductive failures in sows is the economic losses in production because it alters the estimated values of the volume of production, decreasing the productivity of the farm. Porcine circovirosis by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been associated with reproductive disorders, and porcine parvovirus (PVP) is one of the pathological agents most related to the presentation of reproductive failure in pigs. In Colombia, there are reports of the presence of PCV2 through molecular techniques, and PVP through serum tests; however, in the department of Tolima, the prevalence of these two viruses is unknown. Objective In this study, the aim was to establish a report of the prevalence of viruses in five municipalities of the department of Tolima‐Colombia. Methods Blood samples from 150 breeding sows of five municipalities in Tolima, Colombia, were obtained. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the PCV2 and PVP virus in the blood samples followed by PCR and sequencing of 16 PCR products of the amplification of the cap gene of PCV2. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to identify the genotype of the PCV2 virus. Results The presence of PCV2d in sows was detected in 135 samples (90%), as well as the identification of PVP in 2.6% of the samples. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis showed that 16 isolates were the PCV2d2 genotype. Conclusion PCV2d and PVP were found to coinfect the females, and the identification of variability in regions in the predicted amino acid sequence of the PCV2 capsid may be associated with virus pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinner F. Uribe‐García
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics University of Tolima Ibagué Colombia
| | - Rafael A. Suarez‐Mesa
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics University of Tolima Ibagué Colombia
| | - Iang S. Rondón‐Barragán
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics University of Tolima Ibagué Colombia
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Effects of three commercial vaccines against porcine parvovirus 1 in pregnant gilts. Vaccine 2021; 39:3997-4005. [PMID: 34099327 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirosis is a common and important cause of reproductive failure in naïve dams. Even though vaccination is generally effective at preventing disease occurrence, the homology between the vaccine and challenge strains has been recently suggested to play a role in protection. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three currently available commercial vaccines against porcine parvovirus genotype 1 (PPV1) in an experimental model using pregnant gilts. Seventy-seven PPV1-negative gilts were included in the trial and randomly allocated to four groups. In group 1, gilts received two doses, three weeks apart, of a PPV1 subunit vaccine (ReproCyc® ParvoFLEX). Following the same scheme, gilts from group 2 received two doses of a PPV1 bivalent vaccine (ERYSENG® PARVO). In group 3, gilts received two doses, four weeks apart, of a PPV1 octavalent vaccine (Porcilis® Ery + Parvo + Lepto). Lastly, gilts from group 4 were left untreated and were used as challenge controls. All gilts were artificially inseminated three weeks after completion of vaccination. Pregnant animals were subsequently challenged around 40 days of gestation with a heterologous PPV1 strain. Foetuses were harvested at around day 90 of gestation and evaluated for their macroscopic appearance (i.e., normal, mummified, or autolytic). Along the study, safety parameters after vaccination, antibody responses against PPV1 and viremia in gilts were also measured. All the foetuses in the challenge control group were mummified, which validated the challenge model, whereas the three evaluated vaccines protected the progeny against PPV1 by preventing the appearance of clinical manifestations associated to parvovirosis. Remarkably, the PPV1 subunit vaccine induced an earlier seroconversion of gilts and was the only vaccine that could prevent viremia after challenge. This vaccine also achieved the largest average litter size accompanied with a high average proportion of clinically healthy foetuses.
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Evidence of porcine circovirus type 2 and co-infection with ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (porcine parvovirus) in mummies and stillborn piglets in subclinically infected farm. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104735. [PMID: 33516972 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and protoparvovirus 1 (PPV) were detected as single infection (6/131) and (11/131) respectively, or co-infection (6/131) in fetuses and stillborn piglets from normal deliveries in a farm without reproductive problems. Twenty in twenty-three positive samples were over 70 days of gestation, which is when the fetus becomes immunocompetent, and the presence of a NADL-2 PPV strain suggests fetal immune system impairment. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained showed that 8/9 sequences are related to cluster 13 and the remaining is grouped into cluster 11 sequences. An increase in variability in ORF2 sequences in Argentina was observed. It is not clear whether the detection of fetuses positive to PPV and PCV2 is of epidemiological importance in a subclinically affected farm. However, the results of this study showed that currently used vaccines and vaccine protocols do not fully protect against PPV or PCV2 fetus infection.
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Giraldo-Ramirez S, Rendon-Marin S, Vargas-Bermudez DS, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. First detection and full genomic analysis of Canine Circovirus in CPV-2 infected dogs in Colombia, South America. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17579. [PMID: 33067527 PMCID: PMC7567816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus which since its first report in USA in 2012, it has been described worldwide. It was the second mammalian circovirus species identified in dogs and its role in canine enteritis is still being uncertain as much as its association in disease with the Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Here, we aim to confirm for the first time the presence of CanineCV in Colombia and to develop phylogenetic evolutive analyses of CanineCV in CPV-2 positive animals. DNA from samples were extracted and PCR, full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect and characterize CanineCV. From a total of 30 CPV-2 positive samples, 16.6% (n = 5) were positives for CanineCV. Sequencing analysis of Colombian CanineCV wild-type strains displayed high identity to each other (99.5–99.7% nt; 99.7% aa). The full genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed that worldwide reported CanineCV strains were separated into four distinct genotypes in addition to a European origin of the South American CanineCV strains. This study demonstrated the importance of continue surveillance of emerging viruses in canine populations and confirm for the first time the circulation and origin of CanineCV in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Giraldo-Ramirez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana S Vargas-Bermudez
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología E Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, CP 1100, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología E Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, CP 1100, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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Ma Z, Han Z, Liu Z, Meng F, Wang H, Cao L, Li Y, Jiao Q, Liu S, Liu M. Epidemiological investigation of porcine pseudorabies virus and its coinfection rate in Shandong Province in China from 2015 to 2018. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e36. [PMID: 32476312 PMCID: PMC7263908 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudorabies, also known as Aujeszky's disease, is caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) and has been recognized as a critical disease affecting the pig industry and a wide range of animals around the world, resulting in great economic losses each year. Shandong province, one of the most vital food animal-breeding regions in China, has a very dense pig population, within which pseudorabies infections were detected in recent years. The data, however, on PRV epidemiology and coinfection rates of PRV with other major swine diseases is sparse. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the PRV epidemiology in Shandong and analyze the current control measures. METHODS In this study, a total number of 16,457 serum samples and 1,638 tissue samples, which were collected from 362 intensive pig farms (≥ 300 sows/farm) covered all cities in Shandong, were tested by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Overall, 52.7% and 91.5% of the serum samples were positive for PRV-gE and -gB, respectively, based on ELISA results. In addition, 15.7% of the tissue samples were PCR positive for PRV. The coinfection rates of PRV with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and classical swine fever virus were measured; coinfection with PCV2 was 35.0%, higher than those of the other two viruses. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were observed in various tissues during histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the PRV prevalence and its coinfection rates in Shandong province and indicate that pseudorabies is endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides epidemiological data that can be useful in the prevention and control of pseudorabies in Shandong, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zifeng Han
- Emergency Centre for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Zhaohu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Longlong Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qiulin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.,Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China.
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Frequency of Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in Healthy Primiparous and Multiparous Sows and Their Mummified Fetuses and Stillborn. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070533. [PMID: 32630733 PMCID: PMC7399965 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has been suggested as a putative causal agent of swine reproductive disease. A number of different studies have pointed out this association, but there is still a lack of information regarding the normal rates of PCV-3 infection in farms with normal reproductive parameters. The objective of the present study was to assess the frequency of PCV-3 detection in primiparous and multiparous sows and in tissues from their respective fetuses from farms with average reproductive parameters. Sera from 57 primiparous and 64 multiparous sows from 3 different farms were collected at two time points. Brain and lung tissues from 49 mummies and 206 stillborn were collected at farrowing. Samples were tested by PCR, and when positive, quantified by quantitative PCR. Thirty-nine complete genomes were obtained and phylogenetically analyzed. All sera from multiparous sows were negative, while 19/57 (33.3%) primiparous sows were PCV-3 PCR positive. From the 255 tested fetuses, 86 (33.7%) had at least one tissue positive to PCV-3. The frequency of detection in fetuses from primiparous sows (73/91, 80.2%) was significantly higher than those from multiparous ones (13/164, 7.9%). It can be concluded that PCV-3 is able to cause intrauterine infections in absence of overt reproductive disorders.
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Ouyang T, Zhang X, Liu X, Ren L. Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020185. [PMID: 30795620 PMCID: PMC6410029 DOI: 10.3390/v11020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent that causes porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVAD), which are present in every major swine-producing country in the world. PCV2 infections may downregulate the host immune system and enhance the infection and replication of other pathogens. However, the exact mechanisms of PCVD/PCVAD are currently unknown. To date, many studies have reported that several cofactors, such as other swine viruses or bacteria, vaccination failure, and stress or crowding, in combination with PCV2, lead to PCVD/PCVAD. Among these cofactors, co-infection of PCV2 with other viruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus, swine influenza virus and classical swine fever virus have been widely studied for decades. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge regarding swine co-infection with different PCV2 genotypes or strains, as well as with PCV2 and other swine viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Gava D, Souza CK, Mores TJ, Argenti LE, Streck AF, Canal CW, Bortolozzo FP, Wentz I. Dynamics of vanishing of maternally derived antibodies of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 suggests an optimal age for gilts vaccination. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1085-1088. [PMID: 28470582 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (UPV1) infection and consequently the reproductive losses is based on vaccination of all pigs intended for breeding. As maternally derived antibodies (MDA) can interfere with the development of immunity following vaccination, it is important to know the duration of anti-UPV1 MDA to determine the optimal age for the best vaccination efficacy. To elucidate the association between dam and piglet antibody levels against UPV1 and to estimate the decrease rate of MDA, sera and colostrum of 127 gilts (before the first vaccination against UPV1; 15 days after the second vaccine dose; at farrowing; and during the second pregnancy) and sera of 276 piglets (prior to initial colostrum intake; at 7, 21, 57, 87, and 128 days-old) were tested by ELISA. Most gilts (85.8%) had anti-UPV1 antibodies before vaccination and after vaccination all were positive. At 7 days old, the majority of the piglets had anti-UPV1 antibodies, but around 57 days old, only 35.3% were positive and at 87 days old, all were negative. The estimated average half-life of MDA was 29.8 (28.8-30.9) days. A strong correlation was determined between piglet serum at 7 days old with gilt serum at farrowing time (r = 0.77, n = 248, P < 0.001) and with piglet serum at 7 days old with colostrum (r = 0.73, n = 248, P < 0.001). The MDA decreased earlier and the antibody half-life was a little longer than previously reported. Based on these findings, UPV1 vaccination can be performed earlier than usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gava
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Carine Kunzler Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago José Mores
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Espíndola Argenti
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Ivo Wentz
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
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Molecular Detection of Pseudorabies Virus (PrV), Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) in Swine in Republic of Montenegro. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The presence of pseudorabies virus (PrV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was examined in sixty samples (spleen and lymph nodes) and thirty samples of sacral ganglia collected from non-vaccinated swine by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using PCR method PrV was detected in three samples, PPV in seven samples and six samples were found positive for PCV2. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of three PrV isolates identified in this study showed high similarity and significant clustering within the PrV genotype I strains such as Kaplan and Bartha isolated from pigs in Hungary, strain Becker isolated in USA and strain Kolchis isolated in Greece. The nucleotide sequences of two PPV isolates showed high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated in China. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of two PCV2 isolates showed high level of similarity and significant clustering within genotype PCV2b strains such as NIVS-3, NIVS-5 and NIVS-6 isolated in Serbia, strain 3959 isolated in Austria, strain PM165 isolated from pigs in Brasil, and strain XT2008 isolated in China. The results of our study present the molecular characterization of PrV, PPV and PCV2 identified in swine in Republic of Montenegro. Besides that, these results confirmed that PCR is a very useful method for rapid detection of these viruses in subclinically infected swine.
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Kaur A, Mahajan V, Leishangthem GD, Singh ND, Bhat P, Banga HS, Filia G. Epidemiological and immunopathological studies on Porcine parvovirus infection in Punjab. Vet World 2016; 9:827-31. [PMID: 27651669 PMCID: PMC5021830 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.827-831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to get the first-hand knowledge about the seroprevalence of Porcine parvovirus (PPV) in Punjab and a diagnosis of PPV from abortion cases of swine using gross, histopathological, and immunohistopathological techniques to observe the tissue tropism of the virus strain. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples from the reproductive tract of pig (n=32), placental tissue (n=10), and aborted fetuses (n=18) were collected from Postmortem Hall of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, field outbreaks and from butcher houses in and around Ludhiana. These samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. For seroprevalence study, 90 serum samples of different sex and age were collected from 15 swine farms of Punjab and were subjected to indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kit. Results: Overall, seroprevalence of PPV was found to be 41.1%. Sex and age related difference in the prevalence was noted. In abortion cases grossly congested and emphysematous lungs, congested internal organs with fluid in abdominal cavity and congestion in brain, changes were noted in fetuses, while diffuse hemorrhages and edema was observed in placental tissue. Histopathologically, the most frequent fetal lesions in aborted fetuses were noted in lungs, liver, and brain. IHC staining revealed PPV antigens in sections of heart, liver, lung, spleen, brain, lymph node of fetuses, placenta, and uterus of sow. Gross, histopathological, and IHC examination of the samples confirmed 5 fetus, 2 placenta and 3 female reproductive samples positive for parvovirus infection. Conclusions: Seroprevalence results may serve as a support either in prevention or control of the disease. IHC is the sensitive technique for diagnosis of PPV associated with the reproductive tract of swine and was found to supplement the gross and histopathological alterations, respectively, associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amninder Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - V Mahajan
- Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - G D Leishangthem
- Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - N D Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - Payal Bhat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - H S Banga
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - G Filia
- Animal Disease Research Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
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Pinheiro de Oliveira TF, Fonseca Júnior AA, Camargos MF, de Oliveira AM, Lima NF, Freitas ME, de Oliveira Guedes E, de Azevedo IC, Pinto Cottorello AC, Heinemann MB. Porcine parvovirus as a contaminant in cell cultures and laboratory supplies. Biologicals 2016; 44:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Li PC, Qiao XW, Zheng QS, Hou JB. Immunogenicity and immunoprotection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Cap protein displayed by Lactococcus lactis. Vaccine 2016; 34:696-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Smith-Norowitz TA, Mandal M, Joks R, Norowitz LT, Weaver D, Durkin HG, Bluth MH, Kohlhoff S. IgE anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibodies detected in serum of pediatric patients with asthma. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:519-24. [PMID: 26074414 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children, and is a public health concern, as is the increase in pediatric asthma. Respiratory viral infections may trigger asthma exacerbations. However, it remains unknown whether RSV infection may have a specific association with asthma. Total serum IgE, and IgE- and IgG-anti-RSV Ab responses were studied in older asthmatic compared with non-asthmatic children (M/F, mean age: 14) (N=30, N=43, respectively). We found: (1) total serum IgE was higher in asthmatic compared with non-asthmatics (P<0.001); (2) total serum IgE did correlate with IgE anti-RSV Abs (P<0.001), and with IgG anti-RSV Abs (P=0.008) in all subjects; (3) total serum IgE levels did correlate with IgE anti-RSV in asthmatics (P=0.047), but not in non-asthmatics (P=0.13); (4) IgE anti-RSV Abs did correlate with IgG anti-RSV Abs in all subjects (P=0.001); (5) IgE- and IgG-anti RSV Abs were higher in asthma compared with no asthma (P=0.003; <0.001, respectively); (6) there was a significant association between age and IgE anti-RSV in non-asthma (P=0.008), but not in asthma (P=0.64). Our findings indicate that IgE-anti-RSV Ab responses may play important roles in RSV infection and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar A Smith-Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States; Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States.
| | - Mira Mandal
- Department of Pediatrics, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States
| | - Rauno Joks
- Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States; Dept. of Medicine, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States
| | - Levana T Norowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States
| | - Diana Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States
| | - Helen G Durkin
- Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States; Dept. of Pathology, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States
| | - Martin H Bluth
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Stephan Kohlhoff
- Department of Pediatrics, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States; Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, S.U.N.Y. Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, United States
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Olanratmanee EO, Wongyanin P, Thanawongnuwech R, Tummaruk P. Prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection in aborted fetuses, mummified fetuses and stillborn piglets using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1071-7. [PMID: 25866409 PMCID: PMC4591147 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus detection in aborted fetuses (n=32),
mummified fetuses (n=30) and stillborn piglets (n=27) from 10 swine herds in Thailand
using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pooled organs and umbilical cord from
each fetus/piglet were homogenized and subjected to RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. The
qPCR was carried out on the ORF7 of the PRRS viral genome using fluorogenic probes for
amplified product detection. The results revealed that 67.4% (60/89) of the specimens
contained PRRS virus. The virus was found in 65.6% (21/32) of aborted fetuses, 63.3%
(19/30) of mummified fetuses and 74.1% (20/27) of stillborn piglets
(P=0.664). Genotype 1, genotype 2 and mixed genotypes of PRRS virus were
detected in 19.1% (17/89), 25.8% (23/89) and 22.5% (20/89) of the specimens, respectively
(P=0.316). PRRS virus antigen was retrieved from both
non-PRRS-vaccinated herds (68.2%, 45/66) and PRRS-vaccinated herds (65.2%, 15/23)
(P=0.794). These findings indicated that these specimens are important
sources of the PRRS viral load and the viral shedding within the herd. Thus, intensive
care on the routine management of dead fetuses and stillborn piglets in PRRS
virus-positive herds should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Em-on Olanratmanee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
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