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Chimeric Protein Designed by Genome-Scale Immunoinformatics Enhances Serodiagnosis of Bovine Neosporosis. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.01343-19. [PMID: 32404479 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01343-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neosporosis has become a concern since it is associated with abortion in cattle. Currently, in situ diagnosis is determined through anamnesis, evaluation of the history, and perception of the clinical signs of the herd. There is no practical and noninvasive test adapted to a large number of samples, which represents a gap for the use of new approaches that provide information about infections and the risks of herds. Here, we performed a search in the Neospora caninum genome by linear B-cell epitopes using immunoinformatic tools aiming to develop a chimeric protein with high potential to bind specifically to antibodies from infected cattle samples. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the new chimeric antigen was developed and tested with sera from natural field N. caninum-infected bovines. The cross-reactivity of the new antigen was also evaluated using sera from bovines infected by other abortive pathogens, including Trypanosoma vivax, Leptospira sp., Mycobacterium bovis, and Brucella abortus, and enzootic bovine leucosis caused by bovine leukemia virus, as well as with samples of animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii The assay using the chimeric protein showed 96.6% ± 3.4% of sensitivity in comparison to healthy animal sera. Meanwhile, in relation to false-positive results provided by cross-reactivity with others pathogens, the specificity value was 97.0% ± 2.9%. In conclusion, immunoinformatic tools provide an efficient platform to build an accurate protein to diagnose bovine neosporosis based on serum samples.
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2
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Dorsch MA, de Yaniz MG, Fiorani F, Hecker YP, Odeón AC, Morrell EL, Campero CM, Barbeito CG, Moore DP. A Descriptive Study of Lectin Histochemistry of the Placenta in Cattle following Inoculation of Neospora caninum. J Comp Pathol 2018; 166:45-53. [PMID: 30691605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the lectin-binding pattern in the placentas of cows infected experimentally with Neospora caninum. Four cows were inoculated intravenously with 1 × 108 tachyzoites of the NC-1 strain of N. caninum at 150 ± 7 days of pregnancy. Two control cows were administered a placebo. An indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was performed on serum samples obtained before and after the inoculation. The cows were killed at 30 and 37 days post inoculation. Samples of placenta were taken for histopathology and lectin histochemistry. Fetal tissues and fluids were collected for histopathology and IFAT, respectively. All infected cows had high antibody titres. All fetuses had characteristic histopathological lesions, including non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, hepatitis and myositis, suggesting N. caninum infection. Only two infected fetuses developed specific antibodies. Mild non-suppurative inflammatory infiltrates were recorded in the placentae. Differences in the lectin-binding pattern were observed between infected animals and controls in the glycocalyx (CON-A and WGA) and apical cytoplasm (RCA-I and CON-A) of the trophoblastic cells; giant trophoblastic cells (CON-A and DBA); glycocalyx (PNA, WGA) and apical cytoplasm (CON-A, WGA, PNA, DBA and RCA-I) of endometrial cells; trophoblast of the interplacentomal region (WGA); endothelium (CON-A, SBA, RCA-1 and WGA); and finally, mesenchyme (CON-A, RCA-1, SBA, PNA and DBA). These findings indicate that there is a distinctive pattern of lectin binding in the placenta of cattle infected with N. caninum. The direct effect of the presence of the protozoa as well as the altered expression of cytokines could explain these changes in the maternofetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dorsch
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - M G de Yaniz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - F Fiorani
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Y P Hecker
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - A C Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - E L Morrell
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - C M Campero
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - C G Barbeito
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
| | - D P Moore
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
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3
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Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ferre I, Re M, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Blanco-Murcia J, Ferrer LM, Navarro T, Pizarro Díaz M, González-Huecas M, Tabanera E, Benavides J, Ortega-Mora LM. Influence of dose and route of administration on the outcome of infection with the virulent Neospora caninum isolate Nc-Spain7 in pregnant sheep at mid-gestation. Vet Res 2018; 49:42. [PMID: 29739449 PMCID: PMC5941812 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental infections in pregnant sheep have been focused on studying the effect of the time of challenge on the outcome of N. caninum infection, whereas the impact of the dose and route of challenge has not been studied in depth. Therefore, clinical outcome, immune responses, parasite detection and burden, and lesion severity in placental tissues and foetal brains were investigated in 90-day-pregnant sheep inoculated intravenously with 105 (G1), 104 (G2), 103 (G3), or 102 (G4) tachyzoites or subcutaneously with 104 (G5) tachyzoites of the virulent Nc-Spain7 isolate and an uninfected group (G6). Comparing challenge doses, G1 was the only group that had 100% abortion. Likewise, IFNγ levels in G1 increased earlier than those in other intravenously infected groups, and IgG levels on day 21 post-infection (pi) were higher in G1 than those in other intravenously infected groups. Concerning vertical transmission, G1 shows a higher parasite burden in the foetal brain than did G2 and G3. Comparing routes of administration, no differences in foetal survival rate or parasite load in the foetal brain were found. Although G2 had higher IFNγ levels than G5 on day 10 pi, no differences were found in humoral immune responses. Because the outcome after intravenous infection with 105 tachyzoites was similar to that observed after intravenous infection with 106 tachyzoites used in a previous work (100% abortion and vertical transmission), we conclude that it may be reasonable to use 105 tachyzoites administered by the intravenous route in further experiments when assessing drugs or vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ferre
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Re
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Murcia
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Navarro
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Pizarro Díaz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta González-Huecas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Tabanera
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Livestock Health and Production Institute (ULE-CSIC), 24346, León, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Immune response in bovine neosporosis: Protection or contribution to the pathogenesis of abortion. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:177-182. [PMID: 28578088 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite with a preference for cattle and dogs as hosts. When N. caninum infection occurs in cattle it induces abortion, bovine neosporosis being a main cause of abortion worldwide. In dairy cattle, the economic burden of neosporosis-associated abortion is so great that it might results in closure of a farm. However, not all infected cows abort and it is not yet understood why this occurs. At present there is no effective treatment or vaccine. This review provides insights on how immune response against the parasite determines protection or contribution to abortion. Aspects on markers of risk of abortion are also discussed. Humoral immune responses are not protective against N. caninum but seropositivity and antibody level can be good markers for a diagnosis of bovine neosporosis and its associated abortion risk. In addition, humoral mechanisms against N. caninum infection and abortion differ in pure-breed and cross-breed pregnant dairy and beef cattle. Concentrations of Pregnancy Associated glycoprotein -2 (PAG-2) can also be used to predict abortion. A partially protective immune response encompasses increased IFN-γ expression, which has to be counterbalanced by other cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-10, especially towards the end of pregnancy. Although IFN-γ is required to limit parasite proliferation a critical threshold of the IFN-γ response is also required to limit adverse effects on pregnancy. In clinical terms, it may be stated that IFN-γ production and cross-breed pregnancy can protect Neospora-infected dairy cows against abortion.
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5
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Sinnott FA, Monte LG, Collares TF, Silveira RM, Borsuk S. Review on the immunological and molecular diagnosis of neosporosis (years 2011–2016). Vet Parasitol 2017; 239:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Serrano-Pérez B, Almería S, Mur-Novales R, López-Helguera I, Garcia-Ispierto I, Alabart JL, Darwich L, López-Gatius F. Uterine serpin (SERPINA 14) correlates negatively with cytokine production at the foetal-maternal interface but not in the corpus luteum in pregnant dairy heifers experimentally infected with Neospora caninum. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:556-558. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Animal Science; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
- Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - S Almería
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - R Mur-Novales
- Department of Animal Science; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - I López-Helguera
- Department of Animal Science; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
- Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - I Garcia-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Science; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
- Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - JL Alabart
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 - (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza); Zaragoza Spain
| | - L Darwich
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - F López-Gatius
- Agrotecnio Centre; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
- Transfer in Bovine Reproduction SLu; Barbastro Spain
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7
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Foetal death in naive heifers inoculated with Neospora caninum isolate Nc-Spain7 at 110 days of pregnancy. Exp Parasitol 2016; 168:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Maternal and foetal cytokine production in dams naturally and experimentally infected with Neospora caninum on gestation day 110. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Serrano-Pérez B, Hansen PJ, Mur-Novales R, García-Ispierto I, de Sousa NM, Beckers JF, Almería S, López-Gatius F. Crosstalk between uterine serpin (SERPINA14) and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins at the fetal-maternal interface in pregnant dairy heifers experimentally infected with Neospora caninum. Theriogenology 2016; 86:824-30. [PMID: 27045629 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Neospora caninum is the leading cause of abortion in cattle. In cows naturally infected with N caninum, plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) 1 and 2 indicate fetal-placental well-being, whereas an excess of progesterone in the second trimester of gestation has been related to high abortion rate. The immunosuppressive action of progesterone on the uterus during gestation has been attributed in part to the uterine serpins (SERPINA14). This study examines expression patterns of the genes SERPINA14, PAG, and PAG2 at the fetal-maternal interface in dairy heifers experimentally infected with N caninum during the second trimester of pregnancy, when most abortions takes place in natural conditions. Irrespective of infection, expression of SERPINA14 was higher, and expression of PAG1 and PAG2 lower, for intercaruncular endometrium than for caruncles or cotyledons. Cotyledonary tissues showed the highest expression of both PAG genes but lowest expression of SERPINA14. The expression of SERPINA14 was significantly higher in intercaruncular endometrium of control dams than for infected animals, pointing to potential disruption of modulation of maternal immune function during infection. Dramatically reduced SERPINA14 was particularly apparent in infected dams with aborted fetuses. There was also a negative association between N caninum antibody titers with SERPINA14 and PAG expression in infected animals, further suggesting that N caninum infection downregulates the uterine immunosuppressive function of SERPINA14.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Animal Production, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - P J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, USA
| | - R Mur-Novales
- Department of Animal Production, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - I García-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Production, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - N M de Sousa
- Physiology of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - J F Beckers
- Physiology of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - S Almería
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Mur-Novales R, López-Gatius F, Serrano-Pérez B, García-Ispierto I, Darwich L, Cabezón O, de Sousa NM, Beckers JF, Almería S. ExperimentalNeospora CaninumInfection in Pregnant Dairy Heifers Raises Concentrations of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins 1 and 2 in Foetal Fluids. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:282-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Mur-Novales
- Department of Animal Production; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | | | - B Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Animal Production; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
- Agrotecnio Center; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - I García-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Production; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
- Agrotecnio Center; University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - L Darwich
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA); Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - O Cabezón
- SeFAS; UAB; Cerdanyola del Vallés; Spain Spain
| | - NM de Sousa
- Physiology of Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - JF Beckers
- Physiology of Reproduction; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - S Almería
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA); Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA); Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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Guido S, Katzer F, Nanjiani I, Milne E, Innes EA. Serology-Based Diagnostics for the Control of Bovine Neosporosis. Trends Parasitol 2015; 32:131-143. [PMID: 26711188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan Neospora caninum is a primary infectious cause of abortion in cattle that causes significant economic losses worldwide. Because effective vaccines and licensed pharmacological treatments are currently unavailable, control measures rely on biosecurity and management practice. Serological diagnosis plays a crucial role in the identification of infected animals and several tests have been developed. However, owing to the particular dynamics of the host-parasite interaction and to the characteristics of the currently used diagnostic tools, a proportion of infected cattle may not be reliably identified, and can potentially undermine efforts towards the control of bovine neosporosis. Current diagnostic methods for N. caninum infection in cattle and the advances necessary to support effective control strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guido
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK; The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Frank Katzer
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Ian Nanjiani
- Westpoint Veterinary Group, Dawes Farm, Bognor Road, Warnham, West Sussex, RH12 3SH, UK
| | - Elspeth Milne
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Elisabeth A Innes
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
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12
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Mur-Novales R, Serrano-Pérez B, García-Ispierto I, de Sousa NM, Beckers JF, Almería S, López-Gatius F. Experimental Neospora caninum infection modifies trophoblast cell populations and plasma pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 and 2 dynamics in pregnant dairy heifers. Vet Parasitol 2015; 216:7-12. [PMID: 26801588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan that causes abortion in cattle worldwide. Plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (PAG-1), produced by binucleate trophoblast cells, are used for pregnancy diagnosis and as a marker of foetal-placental well-being, while PAG-2, produced by both mono- and binucleate trophoblast cells, may serve as an indicator of abortion risk. In prior work, natural N. caninum infection was found to modify plasma PAG-1 and PAG-2 patterns. The present study examines PAG-1 and PAG-2 dynamics and trophoblast cell populations following experimental infection with N. caninum. The study population was comprised of 17 N. caninum seronegative Holstein-Friesian heifers. On day 110 of gestation, 6 heifers were inoculated intravenously with 10(7) taquyzoites of N. canimum. Plasma samples for PAG-1 and PAG-2 determinations were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 42 post infection. During the study course, pregnancy was normally expressed in all controls while three infected heifers lost their foetuses. All heifers were euthanised on day 42 post infection and placentome samples from the 14 non-aborting heifers were collected to examine trophoblast cell populations. Plasma PAG-1 and PAG-2 concentrations in non-infected heifers increased until the day of euthanasia while non-aborting infected heifers showed a temporary fall in PAG-1 (P<0.004) and PAG-2 (P<0.002) concentrations from 7 to 14 days post infection (dpi). The two dams aborting at 14 and 21 dpi and a third dam with a mummified foetus upon euthanasia showed dramatic PAG-1 and PAG-2 reductions from 14 dpi to undetectable levels upon euthanasia. A stereological study of placentomes revealed significantly higher relative proportions of mono- (P=0.035) and binucleate (P=0.029) trophoblast cells at 42 dpi in non-infected heifers than infected non-aborting heifers. According to our findings, following experimental N. caninum infection on day 110 of gestation, non-aborting heifers showed a brief reversible drop in plasma PAG-1 and 2 concentrations two weeks later and reduced proportions of bi- and mono-nucleate trophoblast cells 42 days after infection. In aborting dams, dramatically reduced PAG levels were related to severe placental damage and a non-viable pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mur-Novales
- Department of Animal Production, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - B Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Animal Production, University of Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - I García-Ispierto
- Department of Animal Production, University of Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio Centre, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - N M de Sousa
- Physiology of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - J F Beckers
- Physiology of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - S Almería
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) and Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Chen H, Yang X, Du J, Lu M. Interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015; 41:1506-13. [PMID: 26346467 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a potential pathological role in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The results of published studies on the relationship between IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms (-137G/C and-607C/A) and RPL risk remain controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association of IL-18, -137G/C and-607C/A gene polymorphisms with the risk of RPL under recessive, dominant and additive genetic models. A literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science for studies that described the effect of IL-18 gene polymorphisms on RPL risk. The numbers of each -137G/C and-607C/A genotype in the case and control groups were extracted. Quality of the original studies' methodology was also assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 13.1 software and the fixed effect model was used. Five articles were included in this meta-analysis. No significant heterogeneity between the studies was noted. The IL-18 -137 G/C polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of RPL under a recessive genetic model (CC vs. GG + CG: odds ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.13 ~ 2.15). For the -607C/A mutation, we failed to find any association under any genetic models. The Egger's regression asymmetry test showed no publication bias. Our present study indicates a positive association between the CC genotype of the IL-18 -137G/C gene and RPL risk. Future well-designed large studies are needed to validate the association between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and the risk of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinge Du
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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